1,756 research outputs found
Memory built-in self-repair and correction for improving yield: a review
Nanometer memories are highly prone to defects due to dense structure, necessitating memory built-in self-repair as a must-have feature to improve yield. Today’s system-on-chips contain memories occupying an area as high as 90% of the chip area. Shrinking technology uses stricter design rules for memories, making them more prone to manufacturing defects. Further, using 3D-stacked memories makes the system vulnerable to newer defects such as those coming from through-silicon-vias (TSV) and micro bumps. The increased memory size is also resulting in an increase in soft errors during system operation. Multiple memory repair techniques based on redundancy and correction codes have been presented to recover from such defects and prevent system failures. This paper reviews recently published memory repair methodologies, including various built-in self-repair (BISR) architectures, repair analysis algorithms, in-system repair, and soft repair handling using error correcting codes (ECC). It provides a classification of these techniques based on method and usage. Finally, it reviews evaluation methods used to determine the effectiveness of the repair algorithms. The paper aims to present a survey of these methodologies and prepare a platform for developing repair methods for upcoming-generation memories
Hybrid System of Distributed Automation
One of the most important tendencies in the development of the
industrial automation is the application of intelligent control systems
within factories, which focuses heavily on networked architectures.
Following this line of thinking, the goal of this dissertation resumes itself
in the implementation of a distributed system that controls two physical
processes, where the system components not only trade information
between each other, but also have that same information be accessible
remotely and within HMI equipment.
The controllers were conceptualized to offer different functional modes
with high customization available.
This system also takes resource of an OPC server, so it allows, not only
the communication between different manufacturer PLC controllers but
also the connection with remotes clients
The implemented remote clients hold the intent of demonstrating the
versatility of this architecture and are, namely, an operational historian
that registers information and a data viewer, which allows the use of more
advanced methods of monitoring
Control system of automatic garage using programmable logic controller
In today’s populated world, urban land availability has become scarce and manual involvement of humans for a proper task makes a work less efficient and less accurate. The garage is one of the workstations which needs to be modernized for enhanced land utilization, energy saving approach and systematic functioning. This goal can only be achieved through the automation of parking systems. We have proposed an automated control system for garage using siemens PLC (programmable logic control)-1200 to control the vehicles. The number plate of the car is recorded through the RFID reader and the parking slot for that particular vehicle is allotted automatically based on the available vacancy. Along with this the parking area is fitted with fire alarm, which will raise if any smoke or fire happens in the location. The total parking cost of each vehicle can be calculated based on the number of hours it has been parked. And the information will be displayed in the SCADA screen. Additionally, instead of the full lightening of the complete place, lightening will be provided only in the direction of movement of the car, preventing wastage of energy
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