Digital Architectural Photogrammetry for Building Registration

For many purposes geometric information about existing buildings is necessary, e.g. planing of conservation or reconstruction. Architectural photogrammetry is a technique to acquire 3D geometric data of buildings for a CAD model from images. In this paper the state of the art in architectural photogrammetry and some developments towards automation are described. The photogrammetric process consists of image acquisition, orientation and restitution. Special attention is put on digital methods, from digital image acquisition to restitution methods, supported by digital image processing. There are a few field of development towards automation, e.g. feature extraction, extraction of edges and lines and the detection of corresponding points. The acquired data may be used in a CAD environment or for visualization in Virtual Reality Models, using digital orthoimages for texture mapping

Architectural photogrammetry for the recording of heritage buildings: an overview

In heritage documentation, recording techniques can be divided into two broad categories, namely photographic and non-photographic methods. Photographic methods include a photographic image is fundamental to the whole recording process, such as computer-rectified photography, photogrammetry and laser scanning. Whereby, non- photographic methods are including hand survey and theodolite-based measurements. Three main criteria should be considered when making decisions about the specification of the recording: the cost, technical considerations or logistics and, finally, whether the survey will fulfil the technical and academic requirements and be understood by the end user. Moreover, the choice of the most appropriate and reliable recording methods will depend on the scale and type of building, level of accuracy, and level of recording needed. This paper discusses the application of photogrammetry techniques in the recording of heritage buildings. The principles, accuracy and challenges of the technique are also described

Celebrating the generation of architectural ideas : tracing the lineage of Southeast Asian temples

From its early beginnings in the fifth century, the Brahmanic/Hindu tradition created a rich body of temples which spread across India and influenced temple building in Southeast Asia. The legacy of this ancient diasporic movement remains celebrated today in the admiration of Southeast Asian monuments such as Angkor Wat and Prambanan. However this architecture evolved over time through a process of long experimentation with philosophies, world-views, and methods. The architectural forms of such monuments have obvious Indian antecedents but the process of their development into distinctive indigenous forms remains difficult to ascertain. This is due both to the lack of textual accounts from the earliest Southeast Asian civilisations and because their architectural remains are fragmented or heavily eroded. This paper draws on a research project that pieces together fragments of evidence from diagrams and canonical descriptions to photogrammetry of temples in India and Southeast Asia. The intention of this is to establish the degree to which Southeast Asian temples are attributable to Brahmanic/Hindu lineage and influence. It will focus on the role of the early Southeast Asian temple site of Sambor Prei Kuk (lsanapura) in Cambodia. Comparing the relationships between cosmology, geometry and physical form in this earlier sites with both Indian and developed Southeast Asian models, it is intended that its generative role within Southeast Asian architectural historiography can be clarified and more fully celebrated

On recovering the surface geometry of temple superstructures

The application of computational techniques to the analysis of heritage artifacts enables scholars to bring together diverse fragments of surviving evidence, construe &quot;best-fit&quot; strategies and unearth implicit or hidden relationships. This paper reports a hybrid approach for recovering the surface geometry of temples. The approach combines physical measurements, architectural photogrammetry and generative rules to create a parametric model of the surface. The computing of surface geometry is broken into three parts, a global model governing the overall form of the superstructure, local models governing the geometry of individual motifs and finally the global and local models are combined into a single geometry. In this paper, the technique for recovering surface geometry is applied to a tenth century stone superstructure: the temple of Ranakdevi at Wadhwan in Western India. The global model of the superstructure and the local model of one individual motif are presented.<br /

Digital Architectural Photogrammetry for Building Registration

For many purposes geometric information about existing buildings is necessary, e.g. planing of conservation or reconstruction. Architectural photogrammetry is a technique to acquire 3D geometric data of buildings for a CAD model from images. In this paper the state of the art in architectural photogrammetry and some developments towards automation are described. The photogrammetric process consists of image acquisition, orientation and restitution. Special attention is put on digital methods, from digital image acquisition to restitution methods, supported by digital image processing. There are a few field of development towards automation, e.g. feature extraction, extraction of edges and lines and the detection of corresponding points. The acquired data may be used in a CAD environment or for visualization in Virtual Reality Models, using digital orthoimages for texture mapping

Conservation Education Techniques: The Role and Importance of Modern Technology

AbstractBetween all of the professional education disciplines, architectural education is an interdisciplinary model that acquires a different character due to the transfer of design consciousness process and necessity of being carried out in a coordinated manner with other disciplines. As a result of differentiation, education and teaching process is getting a difficult situation, intellectual background for implementation of training intensity causes time issue. According to this fact, different methods in different schools of architecture are being tried even every faculty members are developing strategies that can be called subjective. Developed in different ways from each other, the common point of all this training strategies should focused on modern technology based student-centered education to increase the quality of education.Restoration is one of many major fields of science, located under the discipline of architecture that transfers past to the future by reflecting the characteristics of its age and maintaining cultural continuity in history. Owing to the fact that restoration defines multi-dimensional, multi-faceted and very problematic area it needs collaboration of different disciplines such as architecture, urban planning, sociology, art history, archeology and engineering.A successful restoration practice can be achieved by group of experts, well educated in their fields. Thence, restoration education should be given in this context. Documentation and building survey works, is at the basis of restoration practice and in our country carried out by conventional methods. The mentioned systems’ excess of workload and the high error margin reduces the reliability of the documentation and survey works. Conversely revealing accurate, reliable and fast data with modern methods increase necessity of preference of these methods require. Due to education of the target audience is the generation of the technology era that gave birth to modern methods, the use of technological equipment for students interested in the course will increase the susceptibility of the education will ensure successful.Erciyes University Faculty of Architecture is improving its “restoration training” in the light of this approach. Technological surveying methods have been examined, most compatible program packages for student knowledge and architectural education have been investigated and Tachycad, Point Cloud and Photoplan programs were preferred. Necessary background produced by getting trained on pointed programs and purchased technical equipment. Educational strategy, supported by the established background, has been used primarily in the education of graduate students and has been applied on the sample American College Building which located within the Social Establishments region of Erciyes University. Our faculty aimed at improve technology-assisted learning strategies on behalf of achieving accurate and reliable restoration practices and implementing this method in undergraduate education. With this proceeding, the implementation process performed and the necessity and practicability of these methods will be described and be presented

Data Product Specification Proposal for Architectural Heritage Documentation with Photogrammetric Techniques: A Case Study in Brazil

peer reviewedPhotogrammetric documentation can provide a sound database for the needs of architectural heritage preservation. However, the major part of photogrammetric documentation production is not used for subsequent architectural heritage projects, due to lack of knowledge of photogrammetric documentation accuracy. In addition, there are only a few studies with rigorous analysis of the requirements for photogrammetric documentation of architectural heritage. In particular, requirements focusing on the geometry of the models generated by fully digital photogrammetric processes are missing. Considering these needs, this paper presents a procedure for architectural heritage documentation with photogrammetric techniques based on a previous review of existing standards of architectural heritage documentation. The data product specification proposed was elaborated conforming to ISO 19131 recommendations. We present the procedure with two case studies in the context of Brazilian architectural heritage documentation. Quality analysis of the produced models were performed considering ISO 19157 elements, such as positional accuracy, logical consistency and completeness, meeting the requirements. Our results confirm that the proposed requirements for photogrammetric documentation are viable

The development and application of a simple methodology for recording rock art using consumer-grade digital cameras

A simple methodology for recording rock art has been recently developed in Australia and tested on aboriginal rock art, including both petroglyphs and pictographs (engraved and painted images respectively). The approach was based upon commercial photogrammetric software and consumer-grade digital cameras, because it was believed that archaeologists, conservators and site managers need simple and cost-effective methods to record and document rock art. This methodology has been adopted subsequently by the Northumberland and Durham Rock Art Project working in conjunction with English Heritage, to assist in recording 1500 prehistoric engraved panels located across the north-east of England. Significantly, the field work is carried out by enthusiastic volunteers, willing to sacrifice their weekends to capture imagery suitable for digital photogrammetry. This paper explains briefly how the recording technique was developed in Australia before indicating how expertise and equipment was integrated to allow UK-based volunteers to carry out data acquisition and, perhaps surprisingly, also the photogrammetry. This will demonstrate the value of mobilising the voluntary sector for heritage recording, which is feasible only if recording methodologies are based on cheap and simple instrumentation

3D MODELING of A COMPLEX BUILDING: From MULTI-VIEW IMAGE FUSION to GOOGLE EARTH PUBLICATION

This paper presents a pipeline that aims at illustrating the procedure to realize a 3D model of a complex building integrating the UAV and terrestrial images and modifying the 3D model in order to publish to Google Earth in an interactive modality so as to provide better available models for visualization and use. The main steps of the procedure are the optimization of the UAV flight, the integration of the different UAV and ground floor images and the optimization of the model to be published to GE. The case study has been identified in a building, The Eremo di Santa Rosalia Convent in Sicily which hash more staggered elevations and located in the hills of the hinterland and of which, the online platform only indicate the position on Google Maps (GM) and Google Earth (GE) with a photo from above and a non-urban road whose GM path is not corresponding with the GE photo. The process highlights the integration of the models and showcases a workflow for the publication of the combined 3D model to the GE platform

Documentation of a historical house with close range digital photogrammetry

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Architectural Restoration, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 121-128)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 128 leavesThis study aims to document the original architectural characteristics, alterations and damages of a historical house by combining the digital photogrammetric techniques with the mapping concepts of architectural conservation so that an architectural conservation project can be guided. The proposed documentation is carried on the entrance façade of a 19th century house located in the urban conservation site of Alaçatı, ..zmir, Turkey. The Demiral House has conservation priority among the other listed houses because of its vacant state and damages.Analytic recording of the façades of the historical houses in Alaçatı can be made fast with the rectification option of close range monoscopic softwares. A calibrated digital camera and a total station are the other tools used in this process. The colored thematic maps prepared are accurate enough for 1/50 scale analysis and they possess the qualitative information on the photographs. After it is checked that the threedimensional measurements defining the general geometry overlap with the 1/50 scaled rectified image mosaic, the details concerning the deteriorations are decided to be drawn to the scaled elevation drawing from this mosaic.This study has proposed a contemporary documentation technique so that architect-conservators can easily adapt in their conservation projects. When compared to the frequently applied documentation techniques like hatching on scaled twodimensional elevation drawings, it takes shorter time to prepare the proposed mapping method on rectified image mosaic. The architect-restorer has also the chance to examine many constructional details on the scaled rectified image mosaic. The end results are more realistic. Keywords: Architectural conservation, Close range, Rectification, Mapping, Alaçatı