An overview of memristive cryptography

Smaller, smarter and faster edge devices in the Internet of things era demands secure data analysis and transmission under resource constraints of hardware architecture. Lightweight cryptography on edge hardware is an emerging topic that is essential to ensure data security in near-sensor computing systems such as mobiles, drones, smart cameras, and wearables. In this article, the current state of memristive cryptography is placed in the context of lightweight hardware cryptography. The paper provides a brief overview of the traditional hardware lightweight cryptography and cryptanalysis approaches. The contrast for memristive cryptography with respect to traditional approaches is evident through this article, and need to develop a more concrete approach to developing memristive cryptanalysis to test memristive cryptographic approaches is highlighted.Comment: European Physical Journal: Special Topics, Special Issue on "Memristor-based systems: Nonlinearity, dynamics and applicatio

Toward Lightweight Cryptography: A Survey

The main problem in Internet of Things (IoT) security is how to find lightweight cryptosystems that are suitable for devices with limited capabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive literature survey that discusses the most prominent encryption algorithms used in device security in general and IoT devices in specific has been conducted. Many studies related to this field have been discussed to identify the most technical requirements of lightweight encryption systems to be compatible with variances in IoT devices. Also, we explored the results of security and performance of the AES algorithm in an attempt to study the algorithm performance for keeping an acceptable security level which makes it more adaptable to IoT devices as a lightweight encryption system

An Efficient Lightweight Image Encryption Scheme Using Multichaos

With an immense increase in Internet multimedia applications over the past few years, digital content such as digital images are stored and shared over global networks, the probability for information leakage and illegal modifications to the digital content is at high risk. These digital images are transferred using the network bandwidth; therefore, secure encryption schemes facilitate both information security and bandwidth issues. Hence, a state-of-the-art lightweight information security methodology is required to address this challenge. The main objective of this work is to develop a lightweight nonlinear mechanism for digital image security using chaos theory. The proposed scheme starts by changing a plain image into an encrypted image to improve its security. A block cipher, using lightweight chaos, has been added to achieve this objective for digital image security. We utilized multiple chaotic maps to generate random keys for each channel. Also, Arnold cat map and chaotic gingerbread map are used to add confusion and diffusion. During the permutation stage, image pixels are permuted, while in diffusion stage, pixels are distorted utilizing gingerbread map to add more security. The proposed scheme has been validated using different security parameter tests such as correlation coefficient tests (CC), whose results have been observed closer to zero and information entropy (IE) value is 7.99, respectively, which is almost equal to the ideal value of 8. Moreover, number of pixels changing rate (NPCR) obtained value is higher than 99.50%, while the unified average changing intensity (UACI) is 33.33. Other parameters such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), lower value of peak to signal noise ratio (PSNR), structural content (SC), maximum difference (MD), average difference (AD), normalized cross-correlation (NCC), and histogram analysis (HA) is tested. The computed values of the proposed scheme are better. The achieved results after comparison with existing schemes highlight that the proposed scheme is highly secure, lightweight, and feasible for real-time communications

A Novel Chaotic Permutation-Substitution Image Encryption Scheme Based on Logistic Map and Random Substitution

Privacy is a serious concern related to sharing videos or images among people over the Internet. As a method to preserve images’ privacy, chaos-based image encryption algorithms have been used widely to fulfil such a requirement. However, these algorithms suffer from a low key-space, significant computational overhead, and a lag in resistance against differential attacks. This paper presents a novel chaos-based image encryption method based on permutation and substitution using a single Substitution Box (S-Box) to address issues in contemporary image encryption algorithms. The proposed encryption technique’s efficiency is validated through extensive experiments as compared to the state-of-the-art encryption algorithms using different measures and benchmarks. Precisely, the collected results demonstrate that the proposed technique is more resilient against well-known statistical attacks and performs well under plaintext attacks. Indeed, the proposed scheme exhibits very high sensitivity concerning the plaintext attack. A minor change in the encryption key or the plain text would result in a completely different encrypted image

Symmetric encryption relying on chaotic henon system for secure hardware-friendly wireless communication of implantable medical systems

Healthcare remote devices are recognized as a promising technology for treating health related issues. Among them are the wireless Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs): These electronic devices are manufactured to treat, monitor, support or replace defected vital organs while being implanted in the human body. Thus, they play a critical role in healing and even saving lives. Current IMDs research trends concentrate on their medical reliability. However, deploying wireless technology in such applications without considering security measures may offer adversaries an easy way to compromise them. With the aim to secure these devices, we explore a new scheme that creates symmetric encryption keys to encrypt the wireless communication portion. We will rely on chaotic systems to obtain a synchronized Pseudo-Random key. The latter will be generated separately in the system in such a way that avoids a wireless key exchange, thus protecting patients from the key theft. Once the key is defined, a simple encryption system that we propose in this paper will be used. We analyze the performance of this system from a cryptographic point of view to ensure that it offers a better safety and protection for patients. 2018 by the authors.Acknowledgments: This publication was made possible by NPRP grant #8-408-2-172 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

Low-power emerging memristive designs towards secure hardware systems for applications in internet of things

Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and in-memory computing (IMC), but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security applications in the era of internet of things (IoT). In this review article, for achieving secure hardware systems in IoT, low-power design techniques based on emerging memristive technology for hardware security primitives/systems are presented. By reviewing the state-of-the-art in three highlighted memristive application areas, i.e. memristive non-volatile memory, memristive reconfigurable logic computing and memristive artificial intelligent computing, their application-level impacts on the novel implementations of secret key generation, crypto functions and machine learning attacks are explored, respectively. For the low-power security applications in IoT, it is essential to understand how to best realize cryptographic circuitry using memristive circuitries, and to assess the implications of memristive crypto implementations on security and to develop novel computing paradigms that will enhance their security. This review article aims to help researchers to explore security solutions, to analyze new possible threats and to develop corresponding protections for the secure hardware systems based on low-cost memristive circuit designs

Secure Wireless Communications Based on Compressive Sensing: A Survey

IEEE Compressive sensing (CS) has become a popular signal processing technique and has extensive applications in numerous fields such as wireless communications, image processing, magnetic resonance imaging, remote sensing imaging, and anology to information conversion, since it can realize simultaneous sampling and compression. In the information security field, secure CS has received much attention due to the fact that CS can be regarded as a cryptosystem to attain simultaneous sampling, compression and encryption when maintaining the secret measurement matrix. Considering that there are increasing works focusing on secure wireless communications based on CS in recent years, we produce a detailed review for the state-of-the-art in this paper. To be specific, the survey proceeds with two phases. The first phase reviews the security aspects of CS according to different types of random measurement matrices such as Gaussian matrix, circulant matrix, and other special random matrices, which establishes theoretical foundations for applications in secure wireless communications. The second phase reviews the applications of secure CS depending on communication scenarios such as wireless wiretap channel, wireless sensor network, internet of things, crowdsensing, smart grid, and wireless body area networks. Finally, some concluding remarks are given