Using Microservices to Customize Multi-Tenant SaaS: From Intrusive to Non-Intrusive

Customization is a widely adopted practice on enterprise software applications such as Enterprise resource planning (ERP) or Customer relation management (CRM). Software vendors deploy their enterprise software product on the premises of a customer, which is then often customized for different specific needs of the customer. When enterprise applications are moving to the cloud as mutli-tenant Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), the traditional way of on-premises customization faces new challenges because a customer no longer has an exclusive control to the application. To empower businesses with specific requirements on top of the shared standard SaaS, vendors need a novel approach to support the customization on the multi-tenant SaaS. In this paper, we summarize our two approaches for customizing multi-tenant SaaS using microservices: intrusive and non-intrusive. The paper clarifies the key concepts related to the problem of multi-tenant customization, and describes a design with a reference architecture and high-level principles. We also discuss the key technical challenges and the feasible solutions to implement this architecture. Our microservice-based customization solution is promising to meet the general customization requirements, and achieves a balance between isolation, assimilation and economy of scale

A native enhanced elastic extension tables multi-tenant database

A fundamental factor of digital image compression is the conversion processes. The intention of this process is to understand the shape of an image and to modify the digital image to a grayscale configuration where the encoding of the compression technique is operational. This article focuses on an investigation of compression algorithms for images with artistic effects. A key component in image compression is how to effectively preserve the original quality of images. Image compression is to condense by lessening the redundant data of images in order that they are transformed cost-effectively. The common techniques include discrete cosine transform (DCT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and shifted FFT (SFFT). Experimental results point out compression ratio between original RGB images and grayscale images, as well as comparison. The superior algorithm improving a shape comprehension for images with grahic effect is SFFT technique

A multi-tenant database framework for software and cloud computing applications

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Cloud Computing is a new computing paradigm that transforms accessing computing resources from internal data centres to external service providers. This approach is rapidly becoming a standard for offering cost effective and elastic computing services that are used over the internet. Software as a service (SaaS) is one of the Cloud Computing service models that exploits economies of scale for SaaS service providers by offering the same software and computing environment for multiple tenants. This contemporary multi-tenant service requires a multi-tenant database design that can accommodate data for multiple tenants in one single database schema. Due to multi-tenant database resource sharing in this service, the multi-tenant schema should be highly secured, optimized, configurable, and extendable during runtime execution to fulfil the applications’ requirements of different tenants. However, traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) do not support such multi-tenant database schema capabilities, and it is a significant challenge to enable RDBMS to support these capabilities. Therefore, one solution is using an intermediate software layer that mediates multi-tenant applications and RDBMS, to convert multi-tenant queries into regular database queries, and to execute them in a RDBMS. Developing such a multi-tenant software layer to manage and access tenants’ data is a hard and complex problem to solve and has significant complexities that involve longer development lifecycle. There are two main contributions of this thesis. Firstly, a proposal for a novel multi-tenant schema technique called Elastic Extension Tables (EET). Secondly, a proposal for a multi-tenant database framework prototype to implement EET schema in a RDBMS. This approach can be used to develop a software layer that mediates software applications and a RDBMS. This software layer aims to facilitate the development of software applications, and multi-tenant SaaS and Big Data applications for both cloud service providers and their tenants. Extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of EET multi-tenant database schema by comparing it with Universal Table Schema Mapping (UTSM), which is commercially used. Significant performance improvements obtained using EET when compared to UTSM, makes the EET schema a good candidate for implementing multi-tenant databases and multi-tenant applications. Furthermore, the prototype of the EET framework was developed, and several experiments were performed to verify the practicability and the effectiveness of using this framework that based on EET multi-tenant database schema. The results of the experiments indicate that the EET framework is suitable for the development of software applications in general, and multi-tenant SaaS and Big Data applications in particular

A Review Of Multi-Tenant Database And Factors That Influence Its Adoption.

A Multi-tenant database (MTD) is a way of deploying a Database as a Service (DaaS). This is gaining momentum with significant increase in the number of organizations ready to take advantage of the technology. A multi-tenant database refers to a principle where a single instance of a Database Management System (DBMS) runs on a server, serving multiple clients organizations (tenants). This is a database which provides database support to a number of separate and distinct groups of users or tenants. This concept spreads the cost of hardware, software and other services to a large number of tenants, therefore significantly reducing per tenant cost. Three different approaches of implementing multi-tenant database have been identified. These methods have been shown to be increasingly better at pooling resources and also processing administrative operations in bulk. This paper reports the requirement of multi-tenant databases, challenges of implementing MTD, database migration for elasticity in MTD and factors influencing the choice of models in MTD. An insightful discussion is presented in this paper by grouping these factors into four categories. This shows that the degree of tenancy is an influence to the approach to be adopted and the capital and operational expenditure are greatly reduced in comparison with an on-premises solutio

Migration of an On-Premise Single-Tenant Enterprise Application to the Azure Cloud: The Multi-Tenancy Case Study

Kokkuvõte Pilvearvutuse edu muudab radikaalselt tavasid kuidas edaspidi infotehnoloogia teenuseid arendatakse, juurutatakse ja hallatakse. Sellest tulenevalt on sõnakõlks „pilve migratsioon“ vägagi aktuaalne paljudes ettevõtetes. Tänu sellele tehnoloogiale on paljud suured ja väikesed ettevõtted huvitatud enda tarkvara, andmebaasi süsteemide ja infrastruktuuri üleviimisest pilve keskkonda. Olemasolevate süsteemide migreerimine pilve võib vähendada kulutusi, mis on seotud vajamineva riistvara, tarkvara paigaldamise ning litsentseerimisega ja samuti selle kõige haldamiseks vajaminevate inimeste palkamisega. Rakenduse ja selle andmete hoidmine pilves, mis teenindab mitmeid üürnike (ik. tenants) võib osutuda kalliks kui ei kasutada jagatud lähenemist üürnike vahel. Sellest tulenevalt on teadlikult disainitud rakenduse ning andme arhitektuur äärmiselt oluline organisatsioonile, mis kasutab mitme-üürniku (ik. multi-tenant) lähenemist. Käesolevas magistritöös kirjeldatakse juhtumiuuringut (ik. case study) ning saadud kogemusi eraldiseiseva majasiseselt paigaldatava rakenduse migreerimisel Azure pilve keskkonda. Töö kirjeldab juristidele mõeldud tootlikkuse mõõtmise tarkvara andmekihi migreerimist Azure pilvekeskkonda. Majasisese ühe tarbijaga tarkvara andmekihi üleviimine efektiivsele mitme-üürniku andmekandja süsteemi pilve keskkonnas nõuab lisaks ka kõrgetasemelise autentimis-mehhanismi disainimist ning realiseerimist. Töö põhirõhk on turvalise skaleeruva ning mitme-üürniku efektiivse andmekandja süsteemi arhitektuuri disainimine ning realiseerimine pilve-keskkonda. Projektis kasutatakse SQL Database’i (endine SQL Azure) poolt pakutavat sisse ehitatud võimekust (SQL Federations) selleks, et tagada turvaline andmete eraldatus erinevate üürnike vahel ja andmebaasi skaleeruvus. Tarkvara andmekihi migreerimine pilve keskkonda toob kaasa kulude vähenemis, mis on seotud tarkvara tarnimisega, paigaldamise ning haldamisega. Lisaks aitab see ettevõttel laieneda uutele turgudele, mis enne migreerimist oli takistatud kohapeal teostava tarkvara paigaldamisega. Tänu pilves olevale andmekihile nõuab uuele kliendile süsteemi paigaldamine väga väikest kulutust.The success of cloud computing is changing the way how information technology services are developed, deployed, maintained and scaled. This makes the ‘migration to the cloud’ a buzzword in the industry for most of the enterprises today. Observing so many advantages of this phenomenon technology, enterprises from small to large scales are interested in migrating their software applications, database systems or infrastructures to cloud scale solutions. Migrating existing systems to a cloud scale solution can reduce the expenses related to costs of the necessary hardware for servers, installation of the operating system environment, license costs of the operating system and database products, deployment of the database products and hiring professional staff for keeping the system up and running. However, storing the application data to a back-end that serves multiple tenants on the cloud will be also costly if the resources on the cloud platform are not shared fairly among tenants. Thus, a carefully designed multi-tenant architecture is essential for an organization that serves multiple tenants. In this master thesis, we will describe a case study and lessons learned on the migration of an enterprise application from an on-premise deployment backend to the Azure Cloud. More specifically, the thesis describes the migration of a productivity tool specialized for legal professionals to a multi-tenant data storage back-ends on Azure Cloud. Moving an on-premise, single-tenant software backend to a multi-tenant data storage system on the cloud will also require design and implementation of authentication mechanisms. The core focus of the work consists of the design and implementation of a secure, scalable and multi-tenant efficient data storage system and application architecture on the cloud. SQL Database (formerly SQL Azure) offers native features (SQL Federations) for the secure isolation of the data among tenants and database scalability which has been used inside the project. Furthermore, the basic application authentication mechanism is enhanced with identity providers such as Google Account and Windows Live ID by embedding native functionality of Windows Azure called Azure Access Control Service to the login mechanism. Migration of the software backend to a cloud scale solution is expected to reduce the costs related to delivery, deployment, maintenance and operation of the software for the business. Furthermore, it will help the business to target new markets since it is a cloud based solution and requires very little initial effort to deliver the software to the new customers

MulTe: A Multi-Tenancy Database Benchmark Framework

Multi-tenancy in relational databases has been a topic of interest for a couple of years. On the one hand, ever increasing capabilities and capacities of modern hardware easily allow for multiple database applications to share one system. On the other hand, cloud computing leads to outsourcing of many applications to service architectures, which in turn leads to offerings for relational databases in the cloud, as well. The ability to benchmark multi-tenancy database systems (MT-DBMSs) is imperative to evaluate and compare systems and helps to reveal otherwise unnoticed shortcomings. With several tenants sharing a MT-DBMS, a benchmark is considerably different compared to classic database benchmarks and calls for new benchmarking methods and performance metrics. Unfortunately, there is no single, well-accepted multi-tenancy benchmark for MT-DBMSs available and few efforts have been made regarding the methodology and general tooling of the process. We propose a method to benchmark MT-DBMSs and provide a framework for building such benchmarks. To support the cumbersome process of defining and generating tenants, loading and querying their data, and analyzing the results we propose and provide MULTE, an open-source framework that helps with all these steps

Implementation of Software as a Service to Increase the Scalability of the Merdeka Belajar Policy in Indonesia

Merdeka Learning is one of the breakthroughs in education carried out by the Government of Indonesia. One form of activity from Merdeka Learning is student exchange. However, not all universities in Indonesia have implemented e-learning properly due to the high cost of developing and implementing this system. Software as a Service (SaaS) is a fork of Cloud Computing that can create configurable systems for use by multiple users, especially for multi-scheme SaaS. This research develops a multi-scheme SaaS-based e-learning system with an iterative method for nine months to increase the scalability of this e-learning. Trials using the black box testing method were conducted on 15 officers and 36 students from 10 tertiary institutions. Respondents were asked to use various features of the system. The results of interviews after the trial stated that the system could assist in dealing with the online learning process at their universities. From this study, it can be concluded that multi-tenancy can be used in the development of e-learning to support the independent campus program on a website basis