Mecanismos para gerenciamento de banda passante em redes ópticas passivas Ethernet com clientes locatários de múltiplas unidades ópticas de redes

Orientador: Nelson Luis Saldanha da FonsecaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de ComputaçãoResumo: As atuais redes de acesso banda larga à Internet necessitam dar suporte às altas demandas de diversas aplicações tais como voz sobre IP (VoIP), streaming de vídeo UHD, videoconferência, internet das coisas (IoT) e jogos interativos. A tecnologia de redes ópticas passivas (PONs) é considerada promissora para fornecer alta capacidade de acesso com um custo-benefício aceitável. Existem duas diferentes tecnologias que disputam o mercado das redes ópticas; Ethernet PON (EPON) e Gigabit Capable PON(GPON). Devido ao alto custo de aquisição e manutenção de uma infraestrutura PON, muitas empresas (clientes) recorrem a fornecedores de infraestrutura (InP) para reduzir os altos custo, por meio do aluguel de uma porção dos recursos da PON. Esses clientes podem ser, por exemplo, operadores de rede móvel ou provedores de serviços virtuais, que podem adquirir múltiplas unidades da rede óptica (ONU) conectadas em uma única PON. Essa facilidade de alugar múltiplas ONUs pode gerar problemas de balanceamento de carga entre ONUs, uma vez que os atuais algoritmos de alocação de banda passante (DBA) são capazes de garantir banda para uma única ONU. Consequentemente, picos de demanda de banda passante podem ultrapassar a banda garantida em algumas ONUs e, ao mesmo tempo, subutilizar a banda garantida em outras ONUs de um mesmo cliente. Nesta dissertação, aborda-se o problema de gerenciamento de largura de banda para clientes multi-ONU nas redes EPON. Propõe-se um algoritmo de alocação dinâmica de banda passante (DBA) (MOS-IPACT) para dar suporte ao contrato de serviço (SLA) para clientes com várias ONUs. O mecanismo proposto distribui a largura de banda agregada entre ONUs de um mesmo cliente, com o objetivo de melhorar a utilização da largura de banda. Além disso propõe-se um algoritmo DBA para EPONs (subMOSIPACT) com o objetivo de garantir banda passante em diferentes níveis de granularidade. Este algoritmo é fundamental para clientes multi-ONU e que oferecem diversos tipos de serviços. Por exemplo, um operador da rede virtual pode alugar as ONUs de um InP para oferecer serviços corporativos e residenciais. Introduz-se, também, um algoritmo DBA para EPONs (coopMOS-IPACT) que permite a cooperação entre clientes. O algoritmo proposto permite que clientes cooperativos compartilhem banda passante não utilizada a fim de aumentar a banda disponível para alocação mas sem afetar seus SLAs individuais. Os resultados mostram que os três algoritmos propostos são capazes de garantir banda passante para clientes multi-ONU, mesmo em condições de tráfego desbalanceadas; Além de garantir banda passante em diferentes níveis de granularidade aumentando o suporte aos requisitos de qualidade de serviço (QoS). Resultados derivados por simulação mostraram que os algoritmos distribuem eficientemente a largura de banda entre os clientes multi-ONU bem como para clientes convencionais que possuem uma única ONU. Por fim, este trabalho mostra os benefícios do modelo de clientes cooperativos para aumentar a largura de banda disponívelAbstract: Current broadband access networks need to support the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of diverse application such as voice over IP (VoIP), ultra-high video streaming, video conferencing, Internet of Things (IoT) and interactive gaming. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is considered a promising solution to provides high access capacity with acceptable cost-benefit. Two different technologies share the optical access networks market: Ethernet PON (EPON) and Gigabit Capable PON (GPON). However, the deployment of PON infrastructure involves significant costs. On the other hand, Infrastructure Provider (InP) can alleviate these costs by leasing their PONs to several enterprises (customers). These customers can be Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), multi-site enterprises, or virtual service providers. New scenarios are envisioned in which customers owning multiple Optical Network Units (ONUs) (multi-ONUs customers) are connected to a single PON. However, current EPON Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithms are able to support only guaranteed bandwidth for individual ONUs. Consequently, peaks of bandwidth demand may surpass the guaranteed bandwidth for some ONUs and, at the same time, underutilize the bandwidth in other ONUs of a multi-ONU customer. In this work, the bandwidth management problem for multi-ONU customers in EPON network is addressed. This dissertation proposes a mechanisms for the support of multiONU Service Level Agreements (SLA) in DBA algorithms for EPONs. The proposed DBA algorithms (MOS-IPACT) allows customers owning multiple ONUs to redistribute the aggregated bandwidth of the group of ONUs to better balance the bandwidth utilization. This dissertation also proposes a DBA algorithm for EPON networks (subMOS-IPACT) with the objective of assuring bandwidth at different levels of granularity. This algorithm is quite important for multi-ONU customers offering diverse type of services. For example, a virtual network operator can lease ONUs from an InP to offer enterprise and residential services to its client.This work also introduce a DBA algorithm for EPONs (coopMOS-IPACT), which allows cooperation between customers. The proposed DBA algorithm allows cooperative customers share the unused bandwidth without affecting their individual multi-ONU SLAs. Results show that the three proposed Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithms are able to guarantee bandwidth for multi-Optical Network Unit (ONU) customers even in unbalancing traffic conditions. Furthermore, assuring bandwidth at different levels of granularity improves the Quality of Service (QoS) providing. Simulation results showed that the mechanisms efficiently distributes bandwidth between multi-ONU customers and traditional customers owning a single ONU. Finally, this work show the benefits of cooperative customers model in order to increase the available bandwidthMestradoCiência da ComputaçãoMestre em Ciência da Computação132308/2016-9CNP

Способи модернізації телекомунікаційних систем на основі NG-PON2

У дипломній роботі проаналізовано розвиток пасивних мереж та їх сучасний стан. Визначені відмінності стандартів та прийняте рішення щодо запровадження оптичних пасивних мереж наступного покоління NG-PON2. На основі проведеного аналізу методів побудови пасивних мереж обрана топологія та метод мультиплексування. У ході написання роботи виявлені проблеми щодо покращення роботи системи, розглянуті шляхи модернізації та обрані відповідні способи. Дана робота містить 71 сторінку, 21 рисунок та 1 таблицю.The thesis analyzed the development of passive networks and their current state. Differences of standards are defined and the decision on introduction of optical passive networks of the next generation NG-PON2 is made. Based on the analysis of methods for building passive optical networks, the topology and multiplexing method were chosen. In the course of writing the work, problems for improvement the system, the ways of modernization were considered and the appropriate methods were selected. This work contains of 71 pages, 21 figures and 1table

Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms with non-zero laser tuning time in TWDM passive optical networks

The goal of this document is to analyse the functionality of Passive Optical Networks (PONs). The reason for focusing on these technique networks is due to their high efficiency in terms of high bandwidth, high rate, low energy consumption and low cost. PONs are composed of Optical Network Unit (ONU), Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and passive elements (splitters/combiners, optical fibres…). Specifically, this document analyses Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) defined by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the IEEE 802.3ah standard although there is another standard. The main difference between them is the framing protocol, being the EPONs compliance with Ethernet frames. The first PONs used a single optical carrier. That means that upstream channel is a shared resource and a scheduling is needed to avoid collisions between users’ transmissions, by using Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA). In PONs the OLT plays an important paper, since it is the responsible of the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA). The DBA agent in the OLT has an algorithm that schedules the users’ transmissions. Since the deployment of the first PONs, the requirements of the users have increased, and users need high bandwidth and high rate. Thus, a new generation of PONs (NG-PON) have been designed. These next generation of PONs are multicarrier. That means that upstream channel that is a shared resource needs a Medium Access Protocol (MAC) based on wavelength/time-sharing known as Wavelength-Time Division Multiple Access (WTDMA). The algorithm placed on the DBA agent in the OLT increases its complexity. The algorithm should be able to schedule the transmissions based on time and wavelength. In the new generation of PON, in order to change the transmission wavelength, the ONUs have to retune their lasers. This wavelength change causes a tuning time delay. The target of this project is to design, implement and analyse an algorithm based on WTDMA and able to consider the tuning time delay and to minimize the global average delay of the system. Besides, the algorithm should apply the Just-In-Time (JIT) technique for increasing the system efficiency. All the simulations and implementations have been performed in the OPNET simulator, over a base code based on multicarrier EPON created by another student. In order to implement our algorithm a previous upgrading work has been realized for running the model and adapting it for the new requirements. We have succeeded in simulating an EPON with 4 channels where every channel has a 1 Gbps of bandwidth in OPNET simulator. In EPON we have introduced a laser tuning time control. Finally, we have implemented the designed algorithm. The algorithm schedules efficiently the network transmissions considering the laser tuning time delay. We have successfully simulated an EPON with 4 carriers, with 1 Gbps per carrier. Finally, we have implemented an algorithm able to schedule efficiently the network transmissions considering the laser tuning time delay

Development of Testing Standardization Regulation of the OLT XG-PON Equipments to Support Broadband Access in Indonesia

This study aims to provide a reference to the technical specifications of the Optical Line Termination (OLT) XG-PON equipment for improving standardization regulations (Perdirjen Postel No. 257 of 2008). The technical specifications tested in this study are the nominal rate capability, wavelength range, and jumbo frame of the OLT XG-PON equipment. The research acquired a reference to the nominal rate using FEC is 8.5 Gbps downstream direction, and 2.5 Gbps upstream direction, upstream wavelength range is 1260-1280 nm and downstream is 1575-1581 nm, and jumbo frame capability is 2000 Bytes

Дослідження побудови мереж доступу за технологією WDM-PON

Мета роботи – дослідження технологій WDM-PON та XG-PON щодо пропускної здатності та інших параметрів. А також у оцінці особливостей та переваг цих технологій при побудові мереж доступу. В результаті дослідження було проаналізовано перспективність побудови мереж широкосмугового доступу на основі оптичного волокна, визначення можливості збільшення пропускної здатності, параметри та особливості застосування цих технологій для побудови мереж доступу. Було проведено порівняння технологій та визначення їх переваг при побудові мереж доступу а також порівняння варіантів застосування обладнання різних виробників для побудови мереж за цими технологіями.The purpose of the work is to study WDM-PON and XG-PON technologies in terms of bandwidth and other parameters. And also in the assessment of features and advantages of these technologies when building access networks. As a result of the study, the prospects of building broadband access networks based on optical fiber, the determination of the possibility of increasing bandwidth, the parameters and features of the application of these technologies for the construction of access networks were analyzed. A comparison of technologies and determination of their advantages in the construction of access networks was carried out, as well as a comparison of options for the use of equipment from different manufacturers for the construction of networks based on these technologies

Diseño de una red de fibra óptica utilizando la tecnología XG- PON para la expansión de servicio de internet en la parroquia García Moreno de la zona de Intag para la empresa PROFYBER S.C.

Diseñar una red de fibra óptica FTTH mediante la utilización de la tecnología XG- PON, para brindar servicio de internet a los usuarios de la parroquia de García Moreno de Intag y ampliar la cobertura de la empresa Profyber S.C.El presente trabajo se basa en el diseño de una red de fibra óptica basado en la arquitectura FTTH de la tecnología XG-PON para la parroquia de García Moreno de Intag en la provincia de Imbabura, el cual satisfará las necesidades de los habitantes de esta ofertando un servicio de internet adecuado para los mismos. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es realizar el diseño de la red de fibra óptica para la parroquia de García Moreno como una solución de oferta del servicio de Internet que brinde un ancho de banda que cubra las exigencias de los residentes a un costo accesible para los abonados. Para el diseño se utilizó la metodología en cascada, donde se estudió a profundidad los requisitos y requerimientos necesarios para el diseño de este, principalmente satisfaciendo las necesidades de los usuarios del servicio de internet. El resultado que se obtiene sobre el diseño de la red óptica es que cubre las exigencias de los residentes de la parroquia de García Moreno en una relación de un ancho de banda de 70Mbps a un costo de $25 como un plan básico que se ve representado en base a la situación actual de la zona de estudio. Con respecto al análisis financiero se posee de inversión de$40018.00, dicha inversión según el valor presente neto (VPN) arroja que el proyecto es viable ya que es superior a cero, y al ser viable se debe obtener un periodo de recuperación de la inversión (PRI) el cual es de 4 años con 10 meses y 28 días, ratificando la viabilidad del proyecto.Ingenierí

Telecommunication Systems

This book is based on both industrial and academic research efforts in which a number of recent advancements and rare insights into telecommunication systems are well presented. The volume is organized into four parts: "Telecommunication Protocol, Optimization, and Security Frameworks", "Next-Generation Optical Access Technologies", "Convergence of Wireless-Optical Networks" and "Advanced Relay and Antenna Systems for Smart Networks." Chapters within these parts are self-contained and cross-referenced to facilitate further study