Design Web-Based of Hajj Registration System for Iraq

In the 21st century, the internet and web-Based systems represent the primary strategic resources in the world. Majority population of the world use it every day and everywhere without exception. This study proposes to design a web-based registration for pilgrims in Iraq. In order to give all Iraqi citizens accessibility to make the registration available even properly, easily, and without tiredness. The main problems facing the organizers of this event in Iraq are due to two issues. The first one is the manual usage it is difficult to trace if hajj registered more than once. Secondly, it will take a long time for the potential pilgrims to know about the date and schedule for travel. This system will use the national number and passport number to login in the system and to register with prevents duplication happen. The pilgrim would also be able to be connected to SMS to know date and time for travel. The system will be developed by using UML to analysis and JSP with SQL server 2008 to create the registration system. Finally, it is very important to design an electronic system. That will enable the Iraqi citizens to register in the system in anytime and anywhere toward give more accurate information

Ontology-based approach to semantically enhanced question answering for closed domain: a review

Abstract: For many users of natural language processing (NLP), it can be challenging to obtain concise, accurate and precise answers to a question. Systems such as question answering (QA) enable users to ask questions and receive feedback in the form of quick answers to questions posed in natural language, rather than in the form of lists of documents delivered by search engines. This task is challenging and involves complex semantic annotation and knowledge representation. This study reviews the literature detailing ontology-based methods that semantically enhance QA for a closed domain, by presenting a literature review of the relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020. The review reports that 83 of the 124 papers considered acknowledge the QA approach, and recommend its development and evaluation using different methods. These methods are evaluated according to accuracy, precision, and recall. An ontological approach to semantically enhancing QA is found to be adopted in a limited way, as many of the studies reviewed concentrated instead on NLP and information retrieval (IR) processing. While the majority of the studies reviewed focus on open domains, this study investigates the closed domain

Intelligent evacuation management systems: A review

Crowd and evacuation management have been active areas of research and study in the recent past. Various developments continue to take place in the process of efficient evacuation of crowds in mass gatherings. This article is intended to provide a review of intelligent evacuation management systems covering the aspects of crowd monitoring, crowd disaster prediction, evacuation modelling, and evacuation path guidelines. Soft computing approaches play a vital role in the design and deployment of intelligent evacuation applications pertaining to crowd control management. While the review deals with video and nonvideo based aspects of crowd monitoring and crowd disaster prediction, evacuation techniques are reviewed via the theme of soft computing, along with a brief review on the evacuation navigation path. We believe that this review will assist researchers in developing reliable automated evacuation systems that will help in ensuring the safety of the evacuees especially during emergency evacuation scenarios

Utilising artificial neural networks (ANNs) towards accurate estimation of life-cycle costs for construction projects

This study aimed to establish a new model of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for construction projects using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Survey research and Costs Significant Items (CSIs) methods were conducted to identify the most important cost and non-cost factors affecting the estimation of LCC. These important factors are considered as input factors of the model. The results indicated that neural network models were able to estimate the cost with an average accuracy between 91%-95%

Soft Computing Techiniques for the Protein Folding Problem on High Performance Computing Architectures

The protein-folding problem has been extensively studied during the last fifty years. The understanding of the dynamics of global shape of a protein and the influence on its biological function can help us to discover new and more effective drugs to deal with diseases of pharmacological relevance. Different computational approaches have been developed by different researchers in order to foresee the threedimensional arrangement of atoms of proteins from their sequences. However, the computational complexity of this problem makes mandatory the search for new models, novel algorithmic strategies and hardware platforms that provide solutions in a reasonable time frame. We present in this revision work the past and last tendencies regarding protein folding simulations from both perspectives; hardware and software. Of particular interest to us are both the use of inexact solutions to this computationally hard problem as well as which hardware platforms have been used for running this kind of Soft Computing techniques.This work is jointly supported by the FundaciónSéneca (Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Región de Murcia) under grants 15290/PI/2010 and 18946/JLI/13, by the Spanish MEC and European Commission FEDER under grant with reference TEC2012-37945-C02-02 and TIN2012-31345, by the Nils Coordinated Mobility under grant 012-ABEL-CM-2014A, in part financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We also thank NVIDIA for hardware donation within UCAM GPU educational and research centers.Ingeniería, Industria y Construcció

Modeling of Complex Large-Scale Flow Phenomena

Flows at large scales are capable of unmatched complexity. At large spatial scales, they can exhibit phenomena like waves, tornadoes, and a screaming concert audience; at high densities, they can create shockwaves, and can cause stampedes. Though strides have been made in simulating flows like fluids and crowds, extending these algorithms with scale poses challenges in ensuring accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. In this dissertation, I present novel techniques to simulate large-scale flows using coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian models that employ a combination of discretized grids and dynamic particle-based representations. I demonstrate how such models can efficiently simulate flows at large-scales, while maintaining fine-scale features. In fluid simulation, a long-standing problem has been the simulation of large-scale scenes without compromising fine-scale features. Though approximate multi-scale models exist, accurate simulation of large-scale fluid flow has remained constrained by memory and computational limits of current generation PCs. I propose a hybrid domain-decomposition model that, by coupling Lagrangian vortex-based methods with Eulerian velocity-based methods, reduces memory requirements and improves performance on parallel architectures. The resulting technique can efficiently simulate scenes significantly larger than those possible with either model alone. The motion of crowds is another class of flows that exhibits novel complexities with increasing scale. Navigation of crowds in virtual worlds is traditionally guided by a static global planner, combined with dynamic local collision avoidance. However, such models cannot capture long-range crowd interactions commonly observed in pedestrians. This discrepancy can cause sharp changes in agent trajectories, and sub-optimal navigation. I present a technique to add long-range vision to virtual crowds by performing collision avoidance at multiple spatial and temporal scales for both Eulerian and Lagrangian crowd navigation models, and a novel technique to blend both approaches in order to obtain collision-free velocities efficiently. The resulting simulated crowds show better correspondence with real-world pedestrians in both qualitative and quantitative metrics, while adding a minimal computational overhead. Another aspect of real-world crowds missing from virtual agents is their behavior at high densities. Crowds at such scales can often exhibit chaotic behavior commonly known as emph{crowd turbulence}; this phenomenon has the potential to cause mishaps leading to loss of life. I propose modeling inter-personal stress in dense crowds using an Eulerian model, coupled with a physically-based Lagrangian agent-based model to simulate crowd turbulence. I demonstrate how such a hybrid model can create virtual crowds whose trajectories show visual and quantifiable similarities to turbulent crowds in the real world. The techniques proposed in this thesis demonstrate that hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling presents a versatile approach for modeling large-scale flows, such as fluids and crowds, efficiently on current generation PCs.Doctor of Philosoph

A Survey on Arabic Named Entity Recognition: Past, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

As more and more Arabic texts emerged on the Internet, extracting important information from these Arabic texts is especially useful. As a fundamental technology, Named entity recognition (NER) serves as the core component in information extraction technology, while also playing a critical role in many other Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, such as question answering and knowledge graph building. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the development of Arabic NER, especially the recent advances in deep learning and pre-trained language model. Specifically, we first introduce the background of Arabic NER, including the characteristics of Arabic and existing resources for Arabic NER. Then, we systematically review the development of Arabic NER methods. Traditional Arabic NER systems focus on feature engineering and designing domain-specific rules. In recent years, deep learning methods achieve significant progress by representing texts via continuous vector representations. With the growth of pre-trained language model, Arabic NER yields better performance. Finally, we conclude the method gap between Arabic NER and NER methods from other languages, which helps outline future directions for Arabic NER.Comment: Accepted by IEEE TKD

A Sequence-to-Sequence Approach for Arabic Pronoun Resolution

This paper proposes a sequence-to-sequence learning approach for Arabic pronoun resolution, which explores the effectiveness of using advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques, specifically Bi-LSTM and the BERT pre-trained Language Model, in solving the pronoun resolution problem in Arabic. The proposed approach is evaluated on the AnATAr dataset, and its performance is compared to several baseline models, including traditional machine learning models and handcrafted feature-based models. Our results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the baseline models, which include KNN, logistic regression, and SVM, across all metrics. In addition, we explore the effectiveness of various modifications to the model, including concatenating the anaphor text beside the paragraph text as input, adding a mask to focus on candidate scores, and filtering candidates based on gender and number agreement with the anaphor. Our results show that these modifications significantly improve the model's performance, achieving up to 81% on MRR and 71% for F1 score while also demonstrating higher precision, recall, and accuracy. These findings suggest that the proposed model is an effective approach to Arabic pronoun resolution and highlights the potential benefits of leveraging advanced NLP neural models

Volume 3: Ethnographies of Islam : Ritual Performances and Everyday Practices

This comparative approach to the various uses of the ethnographic method in research about Islam in anthropology and other social sciences is particularly relevant in the current climate. Political discourses and stereotypical media portrayals of Islam as a monolithic civilisation have prevented the emergence of cultural pluralism and individual freedom. This book counters such discourses by showing the diversity and plurality of Muslim societies and by promoting reflection on how the ethnographic method allows the description, representation and analysis of the social and cultural complexity of Muslim societies in the discourse of anthropology.https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/1006/thumbnail.jp

Ethnographies of Islam : Ritual Performances and Everyday Practices

Cet ouvrage est disponible en libre accès sur le site de l'éditeur: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/7/International audienceThis comparative approach to the various uses of the ethnographic method in research about Islam in anthropology and other social sciences is particularly relevant in the current climate. Political discourses and stereotypical media portrayals of Islam as a monolithic civilisation have prevented the emergence of cultural pluralism and individual freedom.This book counters such discourses by showing the diversity and plurality of Muslim societies and by promoting reflection on how the ethnographic method allows the description, representation and analysis of the social and cultural complexity of Muslim societies in the discourse of anthropology.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Baudouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots;Part One: Rituals and Symbols: 1. Black Magic, Divination and Remedial Reproductive Agency in Northern Pakistan, Emma Varley; 2. Preparing for the Hajj in Contemporary Tunisia: Between Religious and Administrative Ritual, Katia Boissevain; 3. 'There Used To Be Terrible Disbelief': Mourning and Social Change in Northern Syria, Katharina Lange; 4. Manifestations of Ashura among Young British Shi'is , Kathryn Spellman-Poots; 5. The Ma'ruf: An Ethnography of Ritual (South Algeria), Yazid Ben Hounet; 6. The Sufi Ritual of the Darb al-Shish and the Ethnography of Religious Experience, Paulo G. Pinto; 7. Preaching for Converts: Knowledge and Power in the Sunni Community in Rio de Janeiro, Gisele Fonseca Chagas; 8. Worshipping the Martyr President: The Darih of Rafiq Hariri in Beirut, Ward Vloerberghs; 9. Staging the Authority of the Ulama: The Celebration of the Mawlid in Urban Syria, Thomas Pierret;Part Two: Practices and Actions, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechikh; 10. The Salafi and the Others: An Ethnography of Intracommunal Relations in French Islam, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechiki; 11. Describing Religious Practices among University Students: A Case Study from the University of Jordan, Amman, Daniele Cantini; 12. Referring to Islam in Mutual Teasing: Notes on an Encounter between Two Tanzanian Revivalists, Sigurd D'hondt; 13. Salafis as Shaykhs: Othering the Pious in Cairo, Aymon Kreil; 14. Ethics of Care, Politics of Solidarity: Islamic Charitable Organisations in Turkey, Hilal Alkan-Zeybek; 15. Making Shari'a Alive: Court Practice under an Ethnographic Lens, Susanne Dahlgren; 16. Referring to Islam as a Practice: Audiences, Relevancies and Language Games within the Egyptian Parliament, Enrique Klaus and Baudouin Dupret; 17. Contesting Public Images of ‘Abd al-Halim Mahmud (1910-78): Who is an Authentic Scholar?, Hatsuki Aishima; Part Three: The Ethnography of History; 18. Possessed of Documents: Hybrid Laws and Translated Texts in the Hadhrami Diaspora, Michael Gilsenan