Advances on Network Protocols and Algorithms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging area of wireless ad hoc networks that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between smart vehicles through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R) and Roadside-to- Vehicle (R2V) communications. This emerging field of technology aims to improve safety of passengers and traffic flow, reduces pollution to the environment and enables in-vehicle entertainment applications. The safety-related applications could reduce accidents by providing drivers with traffic information such as collision avoidances, traffic flow alarms and road surface conditions. Moreover, the passengers could exploit an available infrastructure in order to connect to the internet for infomobility and entertainment applications.Lloret, J.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Rawat, DB.; Xia, F. (2013). Advances on Network Protocols and Algorithms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications. 18(6):749-754. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0490-7S749754186Lloret J, Canovas A, Catalá A, Garcia M (2013) Group-based protocol and mobility model for VANETs to offer internet access. J Netw Comput Appl 36(3):1027–1038. doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2012.02.009Khokhar RH, Zia T, Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J, Shiraz M (2013) Realistic and efficient radio propagation model for V2X communications. KSII Trans Internet Inform Syst 7(8):1933–1953. doi: 10.3837/tiis.2013.08.011Ghafoor KZ (2013) Routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks: survey and research challenges, Netw Protocol Algorithm 5(4). doi: 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4134Ghafoor KZ, Bakar KA, Lloret J, Ke C-H, Lee KC (2013) Intelligent beaconless geographical routing for urban vehicular environments. Wirel Netw 19(3):345–362. doi: 10.1007/s11276-012-0470-zGhafoor KZ, Bakar KA, Lee K, AL-Hashimi H (2010) A novel delay- and reliability- aware inter-vehicle routing protocol. Netw Protocol Algorithms 2(2):66–88. doi: 10.5296/npa.v2i2.427Dias JAFF, Rodrigues JJPC, Isento JN, Pereira PRBA, Lloret J (2011) Performance assessment of fragmentation mechanisms for vehicular delay-tolerant networks. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2011(195):1–14. doi: 10.1186/1687-1499-2011-195Zhang D, Yang Z, Raychoudhury V, Chen Z, Lloret J (2013) An energy-efficient routing protocol using movement trend in vehicular Ad-hoc networks. Comput J 58(8):938–946. doi: 10.1093/comjnl/bxt028Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J, Bakar KA, Sadiq AS, Mussa SAB (2013) Beaconing approaches in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: a survey. Wirel Pers Commun. doi: 10.1007/s11277-013-1222-9Sadiq AS, Bakar KA, Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J (2013) An intelligent vertical handover scheme for audio and video streaming in heterogeneous vehicular networks. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0465-8Khamayseh YM (2013) Network size estimation in VANETs. Netw Protocol Algorithm 5(3):136–152. doi: 10.5296/npa.v5i6.3838Rawat DB, Popescu DC, Yan G, Olariu S (2011) Enhancing VANET performance by joint adaptation of transmission power and contention window size. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 22(9):1528–1535Yan G, Rawat DB, Bista BB. Provisioning vehicular ad hoc networks with quality of services. Int J Space-Based Situated Comput 2(2):104–111Rawat DB, Bista BB, Yan G, Weigle MC (2011) Securing vehicular ad-hoc networks against malicious drivers: a probabilistic approach, International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems Pp. 146–151. June 30, 2011Sun W, Xia F, Ma J, Fu T, Sun Y. An optimal ODAM-based broadcast algorithm for vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. 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Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0463-xAllouche Y, Segal M (2013) A cluster-based beaconing approach in VANETs: near optimal topology via proximity information. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0468-5Merah AF, Samarah S, Boukerche A, Mammeri A (2013) A sequential patterns data mining approach towards vehicular route prediction in VANETs. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0459-6Zhang D, Huang H, Zhou J, Xia F, Chen Z (2013) Detecting hot road mobility of vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0467-6El Ajaltouni H, Boukerche A, Mammeri A (2013) A multichannel QoS MAC with dynamic transmit opportunity for. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0475-6Reñé S, Esparza O, Alins J, Mata-Díaz J, Muñoz JL (2013) VSPLIT: a cross-layer architecture for V2I TCP services over. 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Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0461-zLin C, Wu G, Xia F, Yao L (2013) Enhance the attacking efficiency of the node compromise attack in vehicular Ad-hoc network using connected dominating set. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0469-

Secure and robust multi-constrained QoS aware routing algorithm for VANETs

Secure QoS routing algorithms are a fundamental part of wireless networks that aim to provide services with QoS and security guarantees. In Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), vehicles perform routing functions, and at the same time act as end-systems thus routing control messages are transmitted unprotected over wireless channels. The QoS of the entire network could be degraded by an attack on the routing process, and manipulation of the routing control messages. In this paper, we propose a novel secure and reliable multi-constrained QoS aware routing algorithm for VANETs. We employ the Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) technique to compute feasible routes in VANETs subject to multiple QoS constraints determined by the data traffic type. Moreover, we extend the VANET-oriented Evolving Graph (VoEG) model to perform plausibility checks on the exchanged routing control messages among vehicles. Simulation results show that the QoS can be guaranteed while applying security mechanisms to ensure a reliable and robust routing service

Delay Tolerant Networking over the Metropolitan Public Transportation

We discuss MDTN: a delay tolerant application platform built on top of the Public Transportation System (PTS) and able to provide service access while exploiting opportunistic connectivity. Our solution adopts a carrier-based approach where buses act as data collectors for user requests requiring Internet access. Simulations based on real maps and PTS routes with state-of-the-art routing protocols demonstrate that MDTN represents a viable solution for elastic nonreal-time service delivery. Nevertheless, performance indexes of the considered routing policies show that there is no golden rule for optimal performance and a tailored routing strategy is required for each specific case

Coherent, automatic address resolution for vehicular ad hoc networks

Published in: Int. J. of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2017 Vol.25, No.3, pp.163 - 179. DOI: 10.1504/IJAHUC.2017.10001935The interest in vehicular communications has increased notably. In this paper, the use of the address resolution (AR) procedures is studied for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). We analyse the poor performance of AR transactions in such networks and we present a new proposal called coherent, automatic address resolution (CAAR). Our approach inhibits the use of AR transactions and instead increases the usefulness of routing signalling to automatically match the IP and MAC addresses. Through extensive simulations in realistic VANET scenarios using the Estinet simulator, we compare our proposal CAAR to classical AR and to another of our proposals that enhances AR for mobile wireless networks, called AR+. In addition, we present a performance evaluation of the behaviour of CAAR, AR and AR+ with unicast traffic of a reporting service for VANETs. Results show that CAAR outperforms the other two solutions in terms of packet losses and furthermore, it does not introduce additional overhead.Postprint (published version

Connectivity Analysis in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network based on VDTN

In the last decade, user demand has been increasing exponentially based on modern communication systems. One of these new technologies is known as mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET). One part of MANET is called a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). It has different types such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicular delay-tolerant networks, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To provide sufficient quality of communication service in the Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Network (VDTN), it is important to present a comprehensive survey that shows the challenges and limitations of VANET. In this paper, we focus on one type of VANET, which is known as VDTNs. To investigate realistic communication systems based on VANET, we considered intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and the possibility of replacing the roadside unit with VDTN. Many factors can affect the message propagation delay. When road-side units (RSUs) are present, which leads to an increase in the message delivery efficiency since RSUs can collaborate with vehicles on the road to increase the throughput of the network, we propose new methods based on environment and vehicle traffic and present a comprehensive evaluation of the newly suggested VDTN routing method. Furthermore, challenges and prospects are presented to stimulate interest in the scientific community