Research and implementation of parallel artificial bee colony algorithm based on ternary optical computer

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a widely used algorithm in the field of function optimization problems. The traditional ABC algorithm has long search time, slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimum at the end of the search. In this paper, the design scheme and method of implementing parallel ABC algorithm are studied, which makes use of the characteristics of many data bits and easy expansion of data bits of the ternary optical computer (TOC). First, by analysing the traditional ABC algorithm, we can find the parallel parts and parallel design. Then the detailed algorithm implementation flow is given and the clock cycle of the algorithm is analysed. Finally, the correctness of the parallel scheme is verified by experiments. Compared with the ABC algorithm and parallel ABC algorithms based on computer (PABC), the ABC algorithm based on TOC (TOC-PABC) effectively shortens the search time, improves the optimization performance of complex multimodal function optimization problems and obtains a higher speedup

Cellular Automata

Modelling and simulation are disciplines of major importance for science and engineering. There is no science without models, and simulation has nowadays become a very useful tool, sometimes unavoidable, for development of both science and engineering. The main attractive feature of cellular automata is that, in spite of their conceptual simplicity which allows an easiness of implementation for computer simulation, as a detailed and complete mathematical analysis in principle, they are able to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behaviour. This feature of cellular automata has attracted the researchers' attention from a wide variety of divergent fields of the exact disciplines of science and engineering, but also of the social sciences, and sometimes beyond. The collective complex behaviour of numerous systems, which emerge from the interaction of a multitude of simple individuals, is being conveniently modelled and simulated with cellular automata for very different purposes. In this book, a number of innovative applications of cellular automata models in the fields of Quantum Computing, Materials Science, Cryptography and Coding, and Robotics and Image Processing are presented

Computation with photochromic memory

Unconventional computing is an area of research in which novel materials and paradigms are utilised to implement computation and data storage. This includes attempts to embed computation into biological systems, which could allow the observation and modification of living processes. This thesis explores the storage and computational capabilities of a biocompatible light-sensitive (photochromic) molecular switch (NitroBIPS) that has the potential to be embedded into both natural and synthetic biological systems. To achieve this, NitroBIPS was embedded in a (PDMS) polymer matrix and an optomechanical setup was built in order to expose the sample to optical stimulation and record fluorescent emission. NitroBIPS has two stable forms - one fluorescent and one non-fluorescent - and can be switched between the two via illumination with ultraviolet or visible light. By exposing NitroBIPS samples to specific stimulus pulse sequences and recording the intensity of fluorescence emission, data could be stored in registers and logic gates and circuits implemented. In addition, by moving the area of illumination, sub-regions of the sample could be addressed. This enabled parallel registers, Turing machine tapes and elementary cellular automata to be implemented. It has been demonstrated, therefore, that photochromic molecular memory can be used to implement conventional universal computation in an unconventional manner. Furthermore, because registers, Turing machine tapes, logic gates, logic circuits and elementary cellular automata all utilise the same samples and same hardware, it has been shown that photochromic computational devices can be dynamically repurposed. NitroBIPS and related molecules have been shown elsewhere to be capable of modifying many biological processes. This includes inhibiting protein binding, perturbing lipid membranes and binding to DNA in a manner that is dependent on the molecule's form. The implementation of universal computation demonstrated in this thesis could, therefore, be used in combination with these biological manipulations as key components within synthetic biology systems or in order to monitor and control natural biological processes

Computation with photochromic memory

Unconventional computing is an area of research in which novel materials and paradigms are utilised to implement computation and data storage. This includes attempts to embed computation into biological systems, which could allow the observation and modification of living processes. This thesis explores the storage and computational capabilities of a biocompatible light-sensitive (photochromic) molecular switch (NitroBIPS) that has the potential to be embedded into both natural and synthetic biological systems. To achieve this, NitroBIPS was embedded in a (PDMS) polymer matrix and an optomechanical setup was built in order to expose the sample to optical stimulation and record fluorescent emission. NitroBIPS has two stable forms - one fluorescent and one non-fluorescent - and can be switched between the two via illumination with ultraviolet or visible light. By exposing NitroBIPS samples to specific stimulus pulse sequences and recording the intensity of fluorescence emission, data could be stored in registers and logic gates and circuits implemented. In addition, by moving the area of illumination, sub-regions of the sample could be addressed. This enabled parallel registers, Turing machine tapes and elementary cellular automata to be implemented. It has been demonstrated, therefore, that photochromic molecular memory can be used to implement conventional universal computation in an unconventional manner. Furthermore, because registers, Turing machine tapes, logic gates, logic circuits and elementary cellular automata all utilise the same samples and same hardware, it has been shown that photochromic computational devices can be dynamically repurposed. NitroBIPS and related molecules have been shown elsewhere to be capable of modifying many biological processes. This includes inhibiting protein binding, perturbing lipid membranes and binding to DNA in a manner that is dependent on the molecule's form. The implementation of universal computation demonstrated in this thesis could, therefore, be used in combination with these biological manipulations as key components within synthetic biology systems or in order to monitor and control natural biological processes

Architectural soup: a proposed very general purpose computer

Phd ThesisThis thesis is concerned with architecture for long term general purpose computers. The work is based on current trends in machine architecture and technology. Projections from these generated "Architectural Soups". An Architectural Soup has the potential to emulate many different machine architectures. The characteristics of this class of machine are, three dimensional, simple cells and a simple communications topology, which can be reconfigured at a very low level. This thesis aims to show potential usefulness and viability of machines with such capability. Methods of programming are considered, and important design issues are investigated. A specific implementation architecture is described and illustrated through simulation. An assessment is made of the architecture and of the simulator used. In addition, the implementation architecture is used as the basis for a VLSI design, which shows the simplicity of a Soup cell, and provides estimates of the possible number of cells in future machines.The Science and Engineering Research Council

Reversible Computation: Extending Horizons of Computing

This open access State-of-the-Art Survey presents the main recent scientific outcomes in the area of reversible computation, focusing on those that have emerged during COST Action IC1405 "Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing", a European research network that operated from May 2015 to April 2019. Reversible computation is a new paradigm that extends the traditional forwards-only mode of computation with the ability to execute in reverse, so that computation can run backwards as easily and naturally as forwards. It aims to deliver novel computing devices and software, and to enhance existing systems by equipping them with reversibility. There are many potential applications of reversible computation, including languages and software tools for reliable and recovery-oriented distributed systems and revolutionary reversible logic gates and circuits, but they can only be realized and have lasting effect if conceptual and firm theoretical foundations are established first

Soliton computing in the Toda lattice: controllable delay and logic gates

Most people take the technological revolution from the past two centuries for granted and expect that this revolution will not slow down. In the recent century, a major presence in most people's lives has become electronic computers in one form or another. A new path for technology innovations needs to be set out if the revolution is to continue at the current pacing. One such promising path are optical computers using solitons as information carriers. Solitons have favourable properties and one under-explored soliton system for its computation capabilities is the Toda lattice, which has been used to model DNA and can be transformed into optical fibre models. By expanding the possible logic gate designs in this lattice, steps are made to bring us closer to realize a fully functional optical computer. In the one-dimensional Toda lattice, it is possible to create a delay in the solitons' travels that can be controlled. The lattice has been used to create logic gates for computation, however, the delay mechanism has not been incorporated in those designs so far. With this controllable delay, an OR and XOR gate can be designed. The delay for a travelling soliton is created by incorporating a lattice made of harmonic oscillators between two Toda lattices. The duration of the delay can be controlled by changing the time difference of two solitons scattering against the harmonic oscillators. If the duration is too short, there are only reflections, however, when the duration between the two soltions' scatterings is long enough, transmission is possible. Both presented logic gates apply the controllable delay mechanism. This thesis contains the following contributions, the first investigation of interaction of solitons in impurity, a new XOR and OR gate design, and code for simulating the Toda lattice and the mentioned contributions