Mapping DSP algorithms to a reconfigurable architecture Adaptive Wireless Networking (AWGN)

This report will discuss the Adaptive Wireless Networking project. The vision of the Adaptive Wireless Networking project will be given. The strategy of the project will be the implementation of multiple communication systems in dynamically reconfigurable heterogeneous hardware. An overview of a wireless LAN communication system, namely HiperLAN/2, and a Bluetooth communication system will be given. Possible implementations of these systems in a dynamically reconfigurable architecture are discussed. Suggestions for future activities in the Adaptive Wireless Networking project are also given

An Investigation into the Performance Evaluation of Connected Vehicle Applications: From Real-World Experiment to Parallel Simulation Paradigm

A novel system was developed that provides drivers lane merge advisories, using vehicle trajectories obtained through Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). It was successfully tested on a freeway using three vehicles, then targeted for further testing, via simulation. The failure of contemporary simulators to effectively model large, complex urban transportation networks then motivated further research into distributed and parallel traffic simulation. An architecture for a closed-loop, parallel simulator was devised, using a new algorithm that accounts for boundary nodes, traffic signals, intersections, road lengths, traffic density, and counts of lanes; it partitions a sample, Tennessee road network more efficiently than tools like METIS, which increase interprocess communications (IPC) overhead by partitioning more transportation corridors. The simulator uses logarithmic accumulation to synchronize parallel simulations, further reducing IPC. Analyses suggest this eliminates up to one-third of IPC overhead incurred by a linear accumulation model

Body Motion Capture Using Multiple Inertial Sensors

Near-fall detection is important for medical research since it can help doctors diagnose fall-related diseases and also help alert both doctors and patients of possible falls. However, in people’s daily life, there are lots of similarities between near-falls and other Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), which makes near-falls particularly difficult to detect. In order to find the subtle difference between ADLs and near-fall and accurately identify the latter, the movement of whole human body needs to be captured and displayed by a computer generated avatar. In this thesis, a wireless inertial motion capture system consisting of a central control host and ten sensor nodes is used to capture human body movements. Each of the ten sensor nodes in the system has a tri-axis accelerometer and a tri-axis gyroscope. They are attached to separate locations of a human body to record both angular and acceleration data with which body movements can be captured by applying Euler angle based algorithms, specifically, single rotation order algorithm and the optimal rotation order algorithm. According to the experiment results of capturing ten ADLs, both the single rotation order algorithm and the optimal rotation order algorithm can track normal human body movements without significantly distortion and the latter shows higher accuracy and lower data shifting. Compared to previous inertial systems with magnetometers, this system reduces hardware complexity and software computation while ensures a reasonable accuracy in capturing human body movements

Designing Flexible, Energy Efficient and Secure Wireless Solutions for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging concept where ubiquitous physical objects (things) consisting of sensor, transceiver, processing hardware and software are interconnected via the Internet. The information collected by individual IoT nodes is shared among other often heterogeneous devices and over the Internet. This dissertation presents flexible, energy efficient and secure wireless solutions in the IoT application domain. System design and architecture designs are discussed envisioning a near-future world where wireless communication among heterogeneous IoT devices are seamlessly enabled. Firstly, an energy-autonomous wireless communication system for ultra-small, ultra-low power IoT platforms is presented. To achieve orders of magnitude energy efficiency improvement, a comprehensive system-level framework that jointly optimizes various system parameters is developed. A new synchronization protocol and modulation schemes are specified for energy-scarce ultra-small IoT nodes. The dynamic link adaptation is proposed to guarantee the ultra-small node to always operate in the most energy efficiency mode, given an operating scenario. The outcome is a truly energy-optimized wireless communication system to enable various new applications such as implanted smart-dust devices. Secondly, a configurable Software Defined Radio (SDR) baseband processor is designed and shown to be an efficient platform on which to execute several IoT wireless standards. It is a custom SIMD execution model coupled with a scalar unit and several architectural optimizations: streaming registers, variable bitwidth, dedicated ALUs, and an optimized reduction network. Voltage scaling and clock gating are employed to further reduce the power, with a more than a 100% time margin reserved for reliable operation in the near-threshold region. Two upper bound systems are evaluated. A comprehensive power/area estimation indicates that the overhead of realizing SDR flexibility is insignificant. The benefit of baseband SDR is quantified and evaluated. To further augment the benefits of a flexible baseband solution and to address the security issue of IoT connectivity, a light-weight Galois Field (GF) processor is proposed. This processor enables both energy-efficient block coding and symmetric/asymmetric cryptography kernel processing for a wide range of GF sizes (2^m, m = 2, 3, ..., 233) and arbitrary irreducible polynomials. Program directed connections among primitive GF arithmetic units enable dynamically configured parallelism to efficiently perform either four-way SIMD GF operations, including multiplicative inverse, or a long bit-width GF product in a single cycle. This demonstrates the feasibility of a unified architecture to enable error correction coding flexibility and secure wireless communication in the low power IoT domain.PHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137164/1/yajchen_1.pd

MEMS 센서를 활용한 멀티로터형 무인항공기의 저비용 비행제어시스템의 설계에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 기계항공공학부,2019. 8. 여재익.흔히 드론(Drone)이라고 불리는 멀티로터형 무인항공기는 저렴하고 조종하기 쉬우며 간단한 구조와 수직 이착륙이 가능하여 군사적인 용도를 비롯하여 상업적인 용도로 널리 쓰이고 있다. 멀티로터형 무인항공기는 가속도 센서, 자이로스코프 센서를 포함하는 관성 측정 유닛(IMU)을 이용하여 지표면에 대한 자세를 측정하여 각 모터의 회전속도를 제어하는 방식으로 비행하며, 비행 방향을 추정할 수 있는 지자기 센서와 고도를 측정할 수 있는 기압계를 내장한다. 비행체에 탑재되는 비행제어유닛(Flight Control Unit, FCU)은 이러한 센서 데이터와 조종 명령을 이용하여 각 모터를 제어한다. 이러한 계산을 수행하기 위해서 기존의 비행 제어 시스템은 하나 이상의 32-bit 마이크로프로세서를 사용하며 이에 따라 비행제어를 위한 펌웨어를 개발하는데 있어 회로 및 패턴 설계 및 소프트웨어 개발 환경(SDK)을 구성하는데 있어 많은 시간과 인력, 비용을 필요로 하여 전체 시스템의 가격이 저렴하지 않다. 또한 작은 크기의 멀티로터에 사용되는 저렴한 비행제어유닛은 프로그래밍이 불가능하거나 확장성에 제약이 있어 하나의 제어 시스템으로 하나의 비행체 모델에만 적용하는 한계가 있다. 따라서 빠르고 간편하게 프로그래밍이 가능하며 저렴하고 구하기 쉬운 8-bit AVR 프로세서와 MEMS 센서, C/C++언어를 이용하여 비행제어시스템을 구성하였으며 그 결과 확장성을 갖추면서 가격이 저렴하면서 효율적인 비행 제어 시스템을 구성할 수 있었다. 부족한 8-bit 프로세서의 성능은 프로세서의 수량을 늘리는 병렬 컴퓨팅 방법으로 해결할 수 있었으며 상보필터의 간결한 구조로 인해 8-bit 프로세서의 낮은 컴퓨팅 성능으로도 초당 약 250Hz의 제어 주기를 가질 수 있었다. 자세 제어 알고리즘으로 Cascade controller를 선택하여 외란에 강하며 빠른 제어 속도를 얻을 수 있었다. 결과적으로 진동이 상대적으로 큰 팜 사이즈의 쿼드로터 UAV에서도 안정적인 비행 성능을 구현할 수 있었다.1. Introduction ············································································· 1 1. 1. About Research ···································································· 4 1. 2. Basic Theory ········································································ 6 1. 2. 1. Attitude Estimation ······························································· 8 1. 2. 2. Cascade PID Controller ······················································ 14 1. 3. Research Goal ······································································ 17 2. Hardware Design ·································································· 18 2. 1. PCB Design ············································································ 20 2. 1. 1. Design of Flight Controller ··············································· 20 2. 1. 2. Design of PMU for BLDC System ····································· 29 2. 2. Body Frame Design ·························································· 33 2. 2. 1. DC Motor Powered Quadcopter ······································ 34 2. 2. 2. BLDC Motor Powered Hexacopter ································· 36 3. Software Design ···································································· 38 3. 1. Flight Software Design ···················································· 38 3. 1. 1. Attitude Reference System ················································ 39 3. 1. 2. Cascade PID Controller ······················································ 44 3. 1. 3. Bluetooth-based Control System ···································· 46 3. 2. IMU & Attitude Reference System ··························· 51 3. 2. Attitude Control Performance ······································· 51 4. Conclusion ·············································································· 53 참고문헌 ························································································ 55 Abstract ························································································ 57Maste

Securing Wireless Communications of the Internet of Things from the Physical Layer, An Overview

The security of the Internet of Things (IoT) is receiving considerable interest as the low power constraints and complexity features of many IoT devices are limiting the use of conventional cryptographic techniques. This article provides an overview of recent research efforts on alternative approaches for securing IoT wireless communications at the physical layer, specifically the key topics of key generation and physical layer encryption. These schemes can be implemented and are lightweight, and thus offer practical solutions for providing effective IoT wireless security. Future research to make IoT-based physical layer security more robust and pervasive is also covered

Efficient distribution of a computation intensive calculation on an Android device to external compute units with an Android API

Is transferring computation intensive calculations to external compute-units the next trend? This master’s thesis researches if it is worth the effort to transfer a matrix multiplication from an Android phone to a System-on-Chip (SoC), using Bluetooth or WebSocket as communication protocols. The SoC solution used in this work is an Intel Altera Cyclone V based board from TerASIC, equipped with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) including a Dualcore ARM A9 processor. Because the matrix size has a strong correlation to the number of calculations in a matrix multiplication, the calculation time on a CPU and FPGA will differ when the matrices grow in size. Comparing the multiplication times on Android and SoC, matrices with a matrix size above 1660x1660 are calculated faster on the SoC. The matrix multiplication is accelerated using an OpenCL kernel on the FPGA, guided by a host program on the processor programmed in C++. Experiments have shown that Bluetooth has a 500 times lower transfer rate than WebSocket, resulting in choosing only WebSocket for further investigations. Due to the transfer times, the minimum matrix size to win time by extending the multiplication to a SoC is 2338x2338. Although the implemented matrix multiplication does only support square matrices, future research could develop multiple kernels of different algorithms that support a variation in width and height

Sensing and Signal Processing in Smart Healthcare

In the last decade, we have witnessed the rapid development of electronic technologies that are transforming our daily lives. Such technologies are often integrated with various sensors that facilitate the collection of human motion and physiological data and are equipped with wireless communication modules such as Bluetooth, radio frequency identification, and near-field communication. In smart healthcare applications, designing ergonomic and intuitive human–computer interfaces is crucial because a system that is not easy to use will create a huge obstacle to adoption and may significantly reduce the efficacy of the solution. Signal and data processing is another important consideration in smart healthcare applications because it must ensure high accuracy with a high level of confidence in order for the applications to be useful for clinicians in making diagnosis and treatment decisions. This Special Issue is a collection of 10 articles selected from a total of 26 contributions. These contributions span the areas of signal processing and smart healthcare systems mostly contributed by authors from Europe, including Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and Netherlands. Authors from China, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Ecuador are also included

4. generációs mobil rendszerek kutatása = Research on 4-th Generation Mobile Systems

A 3G mobil rendszerek szabványosítása a végéhez közeledik, legalábbis a meghatározó képességek tekintetében. Ezért létfontosságú azon technikák, eljárások vizsgálata, melyek a következő, 4G rendszerekben meghatározó szerepet töltenek majd be. Több ilyen kutatási irányvonal is létezik, ezek közül projektünkben a fontosabbakra koncentráltunk. A következőben felsoroljuk a kutatott területeket, és röviden összegezzük az elért eredményeket. Szórt spektrumú rendszerek Kifejlesztettünk egy új, rádiós interfészen alkalmazható hívásengedélyezési eljárást. Szimulációs vizsgálatokkal támasztottuk alá a megoldás hatékonyságát. A projektben kutatóként résztvevő Jeney Gábor sikeresen megvédte Ph.D. disszertációját neurális hálózatokra épülő többfelhasználós detekciós technikák témában. Az elért eredmények Imre Sándor MTA doktori disszertációjába is beépültek. IP alkalmazása mobil rendszerekben Továbbfejlesztettük, teszteltük és általánosítottuk a projekt keretében megalkotott új, gyűrű alapú topológiára épülő, a jelenleginél nagyobb megbízhatóságú IP alapú hozzáférési koncepciót. A témakörben Szalay Máté Ph.D. disszertációja már a nyilvános védésig jutott. Kvantum-informatikai módszerek alkalmazása 3G/4G detekcióra Új, kvantum-informatikai elvekre épülő többfelhasználós detekciós eljárást dolgoztunk ki. Ehhez új kvantum alapú algoritmusokat is kifejlesztettünk. Az eredményeket nemzetközi folyóiratok mellett egy saját könyvben is publikáltuk. | The project consists of three main research directions. Spread spectrum systems: we developed a new call admission control method for 3G air interfaces. Project member Gabor Jeney obtained the Ph.D. degree and project leader Sandor Imre submitted his DSc theses from this area. Application of IP in mobile systems: A ring-based reliable IP mobility mobile access concept and corresponding protocols have been developed. Project member Máté Szalay submitted his Ph.D. theses from this field. Quantum computing based solutions in 3G/4G detection: Quantum computing based multiuser detection algorithm was developed. Based on the results on this field a book was published at Wiley entitled: 'Quantum Computing and Communications - an engineering approach'