A Vision and Framework for the High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) Networks of the Future

A High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is a network node that operates in the stratosphere at an of altitude around 20 km and is instrumental for providing communication services. Precipitated by technological innovations in the areas of autonomous avionics, array antennas, solar panel efficiency levels, and battery energy densities, and fueled by flourishing industry ecosystems, the HAPS has emerged as an indispensable component of next-generations of wireless networks. In this article, we provide a vision and framework for the HAPS networks of the future supported by a comprehensive and state-of-the-art literature review. We highlight the unrealized potential of HAPS systems and elaborate on their unique ability to serve metropolitan areas. The latest advancements and promising technologies in the HAPS energy and payload systems are discussed. The integration of the emerging Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RSS) technology in the communications payload of HAPS systems for providing a cost-effective deployment is proposed. A detailed overview of the radio resource management in HAPS systems is presented along with synergistic physical layer techniques, including Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. Numerous aspects of handoff management in HAPS systems are described. The notable contributions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in HAPS, including machine learning in the design, topology management, handoff, and resource allocation aspects are emphasized. The extensive overview of the literature we provide is crucial for substantiating our vision that depicts the expected deployment opportunities and challenges in the next 10 years (next-generation networks), as well as in the subsequent 10 years (next-next-generation networks).Comment: To appear in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorial

Game theory for cooperation in multi-access edge computing

Cooperative strategies amongst network players can improve network performance and spectrum utilization in future networking environments. Game Theory is very suitable for these emerging scenarios, since it models high-complex interactions among distributed decision makers. It also finds the more convenient management policies for the diverse players (e.g., content providers, cloud providers, edge providers, brokers, network providers, or users). These management policies optimize the performance of the overall network infrastructure with a fair utilization of their resources. This chapter discusses relevant theoretical models that enable cooperation amongst the players in distinct ways through, namely, pricing or reputation. In addition, the authors highlight open problems, such as the lack of proper models for dynamic and incomplete information scenarios. These upcoming scenarios are associated to computing and storage at the network edge, as well as, the deployment of large-scale IoT systems. The chapter finalizes by discussing a business model for future networks.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

A Survey on Security and Privacy of 5G Technologies: Potential Solutions, Recent Advancements, and Future Directions

Security has become the primary concern in many telecommunications industries today as risks can have high consequences. Especially, as the core and enable technologies will be associated with 5G network, the confidential information will move at all layers in future wireless systems. Several incidents revealed that the hazard encountered by an infected wireless network, not only affects the security and privacy concerns, but also impedes the complex dynamics of the communications ecosystem. Consequently, the complexity and strength of security attacks have increased in the recent past making the detection or prevention of sabotage a global challenge. From the security and privacy perspectives, this paper presents a comprehensive detail on the core and enabling technologies, which are used to build the 5G security model; network softwarization security, PHY (Physical) layer security and 5G privacy concerns, among others. Additionally, the paper includes discussion on security monitoring and management of 5G networks. This paper also evaluates the related security measures and standards of core 5G technologies by resorting to different standardization bodies and provide a brief overview of 5G standardization security forces. Furthermore, the key projects of international significance, in line with the security concerns of 5G and beyond are also presented. Finally, a future directions and open challenges section has included to encourage future research.European CommissionNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityUpdate citation details during checkdate report - A

Resource and Interference Management in UAV-Cellular Network

The future Sixth-Generation (6G) network is anticipated to extend connectivity for millions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) worldwide and support various innovative use cases, such as cargo transport, inspection, and intelligent agriculture. The terrestrial cellular networks provide real-time information exchange between UAVs and Ground Control Stations (GCS), which facilitates the evolution of UAV communication systems while bringing promising economic benefits to cellular network operators. However, the tremendous growth in the UAV data traffic, with diverse and stringent service requirements, would add another pressure on the already congested terrestrial cellular network that is facing a rigorous challenge to increase network capacity with the limited spectrum resources. Moreover, since Macro Base Station (MBS) antennas are typically downtilt, UAVs, which are served by the MBS antenna’s side lobes, suffer from sharp signal fluctuations causing throughput reduction and coverage drop. Besides, due to the Line-of-Sight (LoS) between UAVs and MBSs, UAVs experience higher uplink/downlink interference compared to ground Cellular Users (CUs). In this thesis, we propose two novel aerial network architectures in which we design efficient interference and resource management strategies to support the UAV Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantee while considering different types of interference. Firstly, we propose a novel standalone aerial multi-cell network where multiple UAV Base Stations (UAV-BSs) provide cellular services to UAV Users by reusing the licensed and unlicensed spectrum. Our objective is to jointly optimize the subchannels and power allocations of UAV-Users in the licensed and unlicensed spectrum to maximize the network uplink sum rate, considering inter-cell interference, co-existence with terrestrial cellular and WiFi systems, and the QoS of UAV-Users. We prove mathematically that the formulated optimization problem is an NP-hard problem. Therefore, the original problem is decomposed into three subproblems to solve it efficiently. We first use convex optimization and the Hungarian algorithm to obtain the global optimal of power and subchannel allocations in the licensed spectrum, respectively. Then, we design a matching game with externalities and coalition game algorithms to obtain the Nash stable of the subchannel allocation in the unlicensed band. Local optimal power assignment in the unlicensed spectrum is obtained using the successive convex approximation method. Lastly, we develop an iterative algorithm to solve the three subproblems sequentially until convergence is reached. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a significantly higher uplink sum rate compared with other resource allocation schemes. Moreover, the proposed algorithm improves the network throughput and capacity by nearly two times comparing to the Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). Secondly, we propose a novel integrated aerial-terrestrial multi-operator network. In the network, each operator deploys a number of UAV-BSs besides the terrestrial MBS, where each BS reuses the operator’s licensed spectrum to provide downlink connectivity for UAV-Users. Moreover, the operators allow the UAV-Users, whose demand cannot be satisfied by the licensed band, to compete with others to obtain bandwidth from the unlicensed spectrum. Given the QoS requirements of UAV-Users, we aim to maximize the total sum rate by jointly optimizing user association, BSs transmit power, and dynamic spectrum allocation considering inter-cell interference in the licensed band and inter-operator interference in the unlicensed spectrum. In particular, we divide the resulting non-convex Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) optimization problem into two sequential subproblems: user association and power control in the licensed spectrum; and dynamic spectrum allocation and user association in the unlicensed spectrum. Furthermore, the former subproblem is decomposed into multiple subproblems for distributed and parallel problem-solving. Since the resulting former subproblem is still a non-convex MINLP problem, we propose a distributed iterative algorithm consisting of a matching game, coalition game, and successive convex approximation technique to solve it. Afterwards, in the latter subproblem, we first use a matching game to associate UAV-Users with the UAV-BSs for each operator in the unlicensed spectrum. Then, we propose a three-layers auction algorithm to allocate the unlicensed spectrum among operators dynamically. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in the licensed spectrum significantly improves network throughput per operator than the conventional terrestrial network alone. Moreover, the achieved system throughput of the proposed algorithms in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum is 86.8% higher compared with that of using the licensed spectrum only. In summary, we have proposed integrated aerial-terrestrial network architectures that leverage the aerial network to complete the terrestrial network to serve cellular-connected UAVs by reusing licensed and unlicensed spectrum considering multi-cell and multi-operator scenarios. Under the proposed network architectures, we have investigated the subchannel allocation, UAV-Users’ transmit power, user association, BSs’ transmit power, and dynamic spectrum management to maximize the network throughput considering the QoS of UAV-User. The proposed architectures and algorithms should provide valuable guidelines for future research in designing resource and interference management schemes, improving network capacity, and enhancing spectrum utilization for complex interference environments in integrated UAV-cellular networks

A Survey on Non-Geostationary Satellite Systems: The Communication Perspective

The next phase of satellite technology is being characterized by a new evolution in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellites, which conveys exciting new communication capabilities to provide non-terrestrial connectivity solutions and to support a wide range of digital technologies from various industries. NGSO communication systems are known for a number of key features such as lower propagation delay, smaller size, and lower signal losses in comparison to the conventional geostationary orbit (GSO) satellites, which can potentially enable latency-critical applications to be provided through satellites. NGSO promises a substantial boost in communication speed and energy efficiency, and thus, tackling the main inhibiting factors of commercializing GSO satellites for broader utilization. The promised improvements of NGSO systems have motivated this paper to provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art NGSO research focusing on the communication prospects, including physical layer and radio access technologies along with the networking aspects and the overall system features and architectures. Beyond this, there are still many NGSO deployment challenges to be addressed to ensure seamless integration not only with GSO systems but also with terrestrial networks. These unprecedented challenges are also discussed in this paper, including coexistence with GSO systems in terms of spectrum access and regulatory issues, satellite constellation and architecture designs, resource management problems, and user equipment requirements. Finally, we outline a set of innovative research directions and new opportunities for future NGSO research

High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications

This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1406 “High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications (cHiPSet)“ project. Long considered important pillars of the scientific method, Modelling and Simulation have evolved from traditional discrete numerical methods to complex data-intensive continuous analytical optimisations. Resolution, scale, and accuracy have become essential to predict and analyse natural and complex systems in science and engineering. When their level of abstraction raises to have a better discernment of the domain at hand, their representation gets increasingly demanding for computational and data resources. On the other hand, High Performance Computing typically entails the effective use of parallel and distributed processing units coupled with efficient storage, communication and visualisation systems to underpin complex data-intensive applications in distinct scientific and technical domains. It is then arguably required to have a seamless interaction of High Performance Computing with Modelling and Simulation in order to store, compute, analyse, and visualise large data sets in science and engineering. Funded by the European Commission, cHiPSet has provided a dynamic trans-European forum for their members and distinguished guests to openly discuss novel perspectives and topics of interests for these two communities. This cHiPSet compendium presents a set of selected case studies related to healthcare, biological data, computational advertising, multimedia, finance, bioinformatics, and telecommunications

Corporate influence and the academic computer science discipline. [4: CMU]

Prosopographical work on the four major centers for computer research in the United States has now been conducted, resulting in big questions about the independence of, so called, computer science

High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications

This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1406 “High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications (cHiPSet)“ project. Long considered important pillars of the scientific method, Modelling and Simulation have evolved from traditional discrete numerical methods to complex data-intensive continuous analytical optimisations. Resolution, scale, and accuracy have become essential to predict and analyse natural and complex systems in science and engineering. When their level of abstraction raises to have a better discernment of the domain at hand, their representation gets increasingly demanding for computational and data resources. On the other hand, High Performance Computing typically entails the effective use of parallel and distributed processing units coupled with efficient storage, communication and visualisation systems to underpin complex data-intensive applications in distinct scientific and technical domains. It is then arguably required to have a seamless interaction of High Performance Computing with Modelling and Simulation in order to store, compute, analyse, and visualise large data sets in science and engineering. Funded by the European Commission, cHiPSet has provided a dynamic trans-European forum for their members and distinguished guests to openly discuss novel perspectives and topics of interests for these two communities. This cHiPSet compendium presents a set of selected case studies related to healthcare, biological data, computational advertising, multimedia, finance, bioinformatics, and telecommunications

Modeling the Techno-Economic Interactions of Infrastructure and Service Providers in 5G Networks With a Multi-Leader-Follower Game

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EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON QUEUEING THEORY 2016

International audienceThis booklet contains the proceedings of the second European Conference in Queueing Theory (ECQT) that was held from the 18th to the 20th of July 2016 at the engineering school ENSEEIHT, Toulouse, France. ECQT is a biannual event where scientists and technicians in queueing theory and related areas get together to promote research, encourage interaction and exchange ideas. The spirit of the conference is to be a queueing event organized from within Europe, but open to participants from all over the world. The technical program of the 2016 edition consisted of 112 presentations organized in 29 sessions covering all trends in queueing theory, including the development of the theory, methodology advances, computational aspects and applications. Another exciting feature of ECQT2016 was the institution of the Takács Award for outstanding PhD thesis on "Queueing Theory and its Applications"