Investigation of Coal Syngas Impurity Tolerance of Alternative Cermet SOFC Anodes

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC\u27s) have the potential for producing highly efficient energy through conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy at high temperatures (\u3e600°C). Until recently, pure hydrogen fuel (H2) is the prime fuel used within these devices. However, the high processing costs associated with clean hydrogen production combined with the abundance of available fossil fuels within the United States has opened the door for research on alternative fuels to power these cells. Among the biggest obstacles associated with this concept are the contaminants that are present in raw fuels such as natural gas or coal. While gas-cleanup technology is continually improving, parts per million (ppm) concentrations of species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and phosphine (PH3) prove to be harmful to the traditional nickel-yttrium stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) anode due primarily to the interactions with the Ni catalyst. In this work, a nickel-gadolinium doped ceria (Ni/GDC) anode is processed with a GDC barrier layer between the anode and electrolyte for evaluation in H2S-laden H2 and coal derived synthesized gas (syngas). Additionally, a novel Sr2MgMoO6-delta/GDC anode (both electrolyte supported and anode supported) is developed for testing in fuels containing both H2S and PH3. The central findings of this work are that the Ni/GDC anode with a GDC barrier layer can remain stable in syngas fuel with 100 ppm H2S. The same cell showed relatively high stability in wet H2 fuel with up to 1000 ppm H2S without significant degradation and the barrier layer was shown to be essential to this stability. Specifically, the barrier layer helps to prevent nickel oxidation near the anode-electrolyte interface and to electrochemically oxidize the sulfur for additional power production. Also, the Sr2MgMoO 6-delta/GDC composite anode showed much improved tolerance to 10 ppm PH3 than the traditional Ni/YSZ cermet anode with the major cause of degradation being localized de-lamination at the anode/electrolyte interface and densification and de-lamination of the Pt contact from the anode. Unlike the Ni/YSZ anode, the SMM anode constituents were not found to be chemically reactive with P for our operating conditions

Gas Capture Processes

This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering

PETROLEUM REFINING

If there is to be a thorough understanding of petroleum and the associated technologies, it is essential that the definitions and the terminology of petroleum science and technology be given prime consideration (Meyer and DeWitt, 1990; Speight, 2014a). This will aid in a better understanding of petroleum, its constituents, and its various fractions. Of the many forms of terminology that have been used not all have survived, but the more commonly used are illustrated here. Particularly troublesome, and more confusing, are those terms that are applied to the more viscous materials, for example, the use of the terms “bitumen” and “asphalt.” This part of the text attempts to alleviate much of the confusion that exists, but it must be remembered that the terminology of petroleum is still open to personal choice and historical usage

Enhancing and upgrading biogas and biomethane production in anaerobic digestion: a comprehensive review

Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes can face operational challenges or flaws such as substrate structure and characteristics complexity, process complexity, low productivity, inefficient biodegradability, and poor stability, which suppresses or reduces biogas and biomethane production. As a result of the need to overcome these challenges/shortcomings and improve or enhance biogas and biomethane yield, process intensification methods have gained attention. There is some literature review on pretreatment and co-digestion as a means of improving AD performance; however, there is no systematic information on the various strategies required for improving AD performance and, in turn, increasing biogas/biomethane yield. The AD process produces biogas, a valuable renewable biofuel. Biogas is composed primarily of biomethane and other undesirable components such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide, water vapour, ammonia, siloxanes, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide, which act as impurities or contaminants and tend to reduce the biogas specific calorific value while also causing various problems with machine operation. As a result, various technologies are used to improve raw biogas quality by removing contaminants during biogas transformation to biomethane. As a result, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the various systematic process intensification strategies used to overcome AD process challenges/shortfalls, improve or enhance biogas and biomethane production, and conventional and emerging or advanced technologies for biogas purification, cleaning, and upgrading

Zeolites and ordered porous solids: fundamentals and applications

Pérez Pariente, J.; Martínez Sánchez, MC. (2011). Zeolites and ordered porous solids: fundamentals and applications. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11205Archivo delegad

Energy, Science and Technology 2015. The energy conference for scientists and researchers. Book of Abstracts, EST, Energy Science Technology, International Conference & Exhibition, 20-22 May 2015, Karlsruhe, Germany

We are pleased to present you this Book of Abstracts, which contains the submitted contributions to the "Energy, Science and Technology Conference & Exhibition EST 2015". The EST 2015 took place from May, 20th until May, 22nd 2015 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and brought together many different stakeholders, who do research or work in the broad field of "Energy". Renewable energies have to present a relevant share in a sustainable energy system and energy efficiency has to guarantee that conventional as well as renewable energy sources are transformed and used in a reasonable way. The adaption of existing infrastructure and the establishment of new systems, storages and grids are necessary to face the challenges of a changing energy sector. Those three main topics have been the fundament of the EST 2015, which served as a platform for national and international attendees to discuss and interconnect the various disciplines within energy research and energy business. We thank the authors, who summarised their high-quality and important results and experiences within one-paged abstracts and made the conference and this book possible. The abstracts of this book have been peer-reviewed by an international Scientific Programme Committee and are ordered by type of presentation (oral or poster) and topics. You can navigate by using either the table of contents (page 3) or the conference programme (starting page 4 for oral presentations and page 21 for posters respectively)

PhD students´day FMST 2023

The authors gave oral presentations of their work online as part of a Doctoral Students’ Day held on 15 June 2023, and they reflect the challenging work done by the students and their supervisors in the fields of metallurgy, materials engineering and management. There are 82 contributions in total, covering a range of areas – metallurgical technology, thermal engineering and fuels in industry, chemical metallurgy, nanotechnology, materials science and engineering, and industrial systems management. This represents a cross-section of the diverse topics investigated by doctoral students at the faculty, and it will provide a guide for Master’s graduates in these or similar disciplines who are interested in pursuing their scientific careers further, whether they are from the faculty here in Ostrava or engineering faculties elsewhere in the Czech Republic. The quality of the contributions varies: some are of average quality, but many reach a standard comparable with research articles published in established journals focusing on disciplines of materials technology. The diversity of topics, and in some cases the excellence of the contributions, with logical structure and clearly formulated conclusions, reflect the high standard of the doctoral programme at the faculty.Ostrav

2009 Annual Progress Report: DOE Hydrogen Program

This report summarizes the hydrogen and fuel cell R&D activities and accomplishments of the DOE Hydrogen Program for FY2009. It covers the program areas of hydrogen production and delivery; fuel cells; manufacturing; technology validation; safety, codes and standards; education; and systems analysis

Перспективы развития фундаментальных наук. Т. 2 : Химия

Сборник содержит труды участников XV Международной конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных «Перспективы развития фундаментальных наук», представленные на секции «Химия». Для студентов, аспирантов, молодых ученых и преподавателей, специализирующихся в области синтеза и изучения свойств функциональных материалов, физико-химических методов исследования материалов, наноматериалов, экологии, органического синтеза, а также катализа и нефтехимии