3D image analysis for pedestrian detection

A method for solving the dense disparity stereo correspondence problem is presented in this paper. This technique is designed specifically for pedestrian detection type applications. A new Ground Control Points (GCPs) scheme is introduced, using groundplane homography information to determine regions in which good GCPs are likely to occur. The method also introduces a dynamic disparity limit constraint to further improve GCP selection and dense disparity generation. The technique is applied to a real world pedestrian detection scenario with a background modeling system based on disparity and edges

3D image analysis of a volcanic deposit

During the last decades, X-ray micro CT has become a well established technique for non-destructive testing in a wide variety of research fields. Using a series of X-ray transmission images of the sample at different projection angles, a stack of 2D cross-sections is reconstructed, resulting in a 3D volume representing the X-ray attenuation coefficients of the sample. Since the attenuation coefficient of a material depends on its density and atomic number, this volume provides valuable information about the internal structure and composition of the sample. Although much qualitative information can be derived directly from this 3D volume, researchers usually require more quantitative results to be able to provide a full characterization of the sample under investigation. This type of information needs to be retrieved using specialized image processing software. For most samples, it is imperative that this processing is performed on the 3D volume as a whole, since a sequence of 2D cross sections usually forms an inadequate approximation of the actual structure. The complete processing of a volume consists of three sequential steps. First, the volume is segmented into a set of objects. What these objects represent depends on what property of the sample needs to be analysed. The objects can be for instance concavities, dense inclusions or the matrix of the sample. When dealing with noisy data, it might be necessary to filter the data before applying the segmentation. The second step is the separation of connected objects into a set of smaller objects. This is necessary when objects appear to be connected because of the limited resolution and contrast of the scan. Separation can also be useful when the sample contains a network structure and one wants to study the individual cells of the network. The third and last step consists of the actual analysis of the various objects to derive the different parameters of interest. While some parameters require extensive calculations, others can be obtained easily. The different parameters which can be obtained are related to the size, shape and orientation of the objects. Additionally, the connectivity of a network can be analysed by comparing the set of objects before and after separation. The size of each object can be characterized by its volume, equivalent diameter and the diameter of the maximum inscribed sphere. The surface can be determined by extracting a polygonal mesh from the volume data. Calculation of Feret’s diameter reveals information about the objects elongation. Additionally, the moments of inertia can be calculated to obtain the axes of an equivalent ellipsoid. This data can be used to determine the main axis and therefore the orientation of the object within the sample. Feret’s diameter and the equivalent ellipsoid are representative for the basic shape of the object. Additionally, using a routine that fills concave regions, the convex hull of an object can be retrieved to quantify the convexity. Different ratios can be defined, which compare the surface area with the volume of the object (sphericity) or the volume of the convex hull. These ratios and the convexity characterize the objects roughness and shape. The described parameters are used to characterize volcanic deposits found in the area west of Lac Pavin (lake in Auvergne, France). The samples are taken from the most recent ‘red scoria’ layer, which is believed to be the result of the latest eruption in Western-Europe. There is however, ambiguity on the origin of the layer in terms of age and placement. The aim is to fingerprint this layer in such a way that the various eruptions in the area can be distinguished from one another. Measurements of the vesicle density, volume and connectivity of the investigated deposits provide information about the intensity of the eruption. Additionally, vesicle geometry can be related to the magmatic permeability, which is essential to the dynamics of the eruption

3D IMAGE ANALYSIS WITH PAN/TILT/ZOOM AND ITS ASSESSMENT OF ACCURACY

The purpose of this study is to realize 3D Image Analysis with Pan/Tilt/Zoom function using SIMI Motion system and to evaluate the accuracy of 3D coordinate data. The results show that in the same Cartesian reference system, the change of the spatial absolute coordinates measured by laser theodolite and 3D image analysis is averaged over 24 points 0.018 m ± 0.003 m, and the relative error of 3D image tracking analysis could be controlled under 1.0%, this accuracy of measurement can meet the need of sport technique analysis. In addition, this study introduces the whole procedure to realize 3D Image Analysis with Pan/Tilt/Zoom function, to analyze the factors influencing the accuracy of measurement, and to suggest what should be done to reduce the measurement error

Augmentation of Articulate Data using 3D Image Analysis

Background: Recently, the development of information and communication technology (ICT) has been remarkable utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology with deep learning. Three-dimension (3-D) image analysis technology has developed using computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Among them, SYNAPSE VINCENT system (Fujifilm, Japan) is known for its predominance. Patient and Method: The patient is a 52-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who was suspected to have space occupying lesion (SOL) in the right kidney. Method included the investigation of enhanced abdominal CT with analysis of SYNAPSE VINCENT. Results: The detail analysis showed some findings as follows: i) coronal view of bilateral kidney shows well-enhanced left adrenal tumour, no apparent of right renal tumour, and atrophy of renal cortex, ii) the image rotated 30 degrees showed same findings, iii) the image rotated 180 degrees also showed atrophy of reverse side of right kidney. Discussion: In this case, the background of the atrophy of renal cortex has not been apparent, but it might be from diabetic nephropathy (DN). The application of VINCENT has expanded to various organs, such as liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and others, expecting augmentation of articulate data using 3D image analysis

3D-Image analysis platform monitoring relocation of pluripotency genes during reprogramming

Nuclear organization of chromatin is an important level of genome regulation with positional changes of genes occurring during reprogramming. Inherent variability of biological specimens, wide variety of sample preparation and imaging conditions, though pose significant challenges to data analysis and comparison. Here, we describe the development of a computational image analysis toolbox overcoming biological variability hurdles by a novel single cell randomizing normalization. We performed a comparative analysis of the relationship between spatial positioning of pluripotency genes with their genomic activity and determined the degree of similarity between fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Our analysis revealed a preferred positioning of actively transcribed Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog away from the nuclear periphery, but not from pericentric heterochromatin. Moreover, in the silent state, we found no common nuclear localization for any of the genes. Our results suggest that the surrounding gene density hinders relocation from an internal nuclear position. Altogether, our data do not support the hypothesis that the nuclear periphery acts as a general transcriptional silencer, rather suggesting that internal nuclear localization is compatible with expression in pluripotent cells but not sufficient for expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Thus, our computational approach enables comparative analysis of topological relationships in spite of stark morphological variability typical of biological data sets

Deep Learning for 3D Image Analysis

Práce pojednává o využití plně konvolučních neuronových sítí pro segmentaci kostí z CT snímků. Typickým problémem při trénování na medicinských datech bývá omezená velikost trénovací sady. Experimenty ukázaly, že trénování na podoobrazech při omezeném počtu trénovacích dat dává lepší výsledky. Při trénování na podobrazech bylo dosaženo přesnosti segmentace 95,1%, což je o 30% více než při trénování na celých obrazech. Pro měření úspěšnosti segmentace byla zvolena metrika F-measure. Pro práci s konvolučními neuronovými sítěmi byl použit BVLC Caffe Framework.This work deals with usage of fully convolutional neural network for segmentation of bones in CT scans. Typical issue is limited size of dataset while training on medical images. Experiments show that training on patches gives score of segmentation 95,1%. Training on whole images gives score 30% less than training on patches. As metric F-measure was used. BVLC Caffe Framework was used for training neural network.

Medium resolution Computed Tomography through phosphor screen detector and 3D image analysis

Computed Tomography (CT) technology allows the cross sectional imaging of objects nondestructively and is of great importance because of its capability of detecting interior defects. CT technology is especially widely used in the areas of material industries, airspace industries and medical diagnostics. However this detail of information comes at a price. Modern CT data acquisition systems collect huge amounts of data making the processing of that data a significant challenge. In order to deal with continuing demand of large object 3D CT technology and increased 3D CT data size we have developed a large field of view 3D CT scan capability addressing the required resolution (100 [Mu]) and handling the data acquisition, transfer, processing, viewing and information extraction. The new phosphor screen detector employing CCD camera with approximately 44cm x 30cm active imaging area and 3073 x 2048 pixel size, scans large objects at medium resolution. Phosphor screen computed tomography system control software developed in this thesis integrates image acquisition, image calibration, motion control and CT Scan. CT data generated as a result of a scan requires a 3D visualization tool to fulfill goal of inspection and analysis of object. The 3D visualization tool designed at Center of Non Destructive Evaluation employs ray cast volume rendering method to visualize volume CT data on PC. While the ability to get an overview of these large 3D CT data sets (3GB) is powerful, the lack of tools to extract information from this qualitative display limits the 3D CT capability. This research has added another tool to the existing software that will be used to identify and separate features in a sample based on identifying neighbor approach. Algorithms for image analysis and processing like percentage porosity analysis and correction of rogue/bad pixels are also part of the research. The result in dealing with the data acquisition and data manipulation issues is a significant extension of 3D CT imaging capabilities

3D image analysis of the shapes and dimensions of several tropical fruits

ArticleT hree dimension virtual models of Avocado ( Persea americana ) , Salak ( Salacca zalacca ) , Dragon fruit ( Hylocereus undatus ) , Mango ( Mangifera indica ) , Coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) using 3D scanner Intel RealSense were determined. C alculated models based on arithmetic and geometric diameter were also determined. From statistically analysis implies that virtual models on significance level 0 .05 are significantly different with calculated values based on arithmetic or geometric diameter