REVISIÓN DEL ESTADO DEL ARTE DE EMULADORES DE PERTURBACIONES ELÉCTRICAS Y SU POSIBLE APLICACIÓN EN SISTEMAS DE GENERACIÓN EÓLICA (REVISION OF THE STATE OF THE ART OF EMULATORS OF ELECTRICAL DISTURBANCES AND THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN WIND GENERATION SYSTEMS)

Resumen   Las energías renovables son una alternativa que se ha implementado para amortiguar el impacto negativo que han tenido las energías no renovables en el planeta, entre la amplia gama de energías renovables se encuentran los sistemas de generación eólica, también conocidos como WECS (Wind Energy Conversion System), los cuales normalmente se encuentran interconectados a la red eléctrica.En la red eléctrica existen perturbaciones que pueden provocar efectos negativos en la calidad de la energía, así como posible daño del generador. Entre las perturbaciones eléctricas más comunes en contexto de los generadores eólicos son los armónicos, huecos de voltaje y sobretensiones, mejor conocidos como SAGs y SWELL, respectivamente, los cuales normalmente son provocados por cargas no lineales conectadas a la red eléctrica. En el caso particular de los armónicos, existen diversas soluciones para mitigar los efectos negativos de éstos en los WECS. Sin embargo, con el fin de comprobar correctamente las soluciones planteadas, es necesario contar con un sistema que permita emular la presencia de armónicos en la red eléctrica.En este sentido, este trabajo muestra una revisión del estado del arte respecto a los emuladores de perturbaciones eléctricas, esto debido a que se pretende en un futuro implementar un emulador de este tipo de perturbación en un WECS, con el fin de probar diversos controladores que permitan la mitigación de dicha perturbación eléctrica.Palabra(s) Clave: Emulador de armónicos, generación eólica, perturbaciones armónicas. Abstract   The renewable energies are an alternative that has been implemented to reduce the negative impact on the world, due to the excessive use of nonrenewable energies. Among the renewable energies, there are the Eolic Energy systems or WECS, normally, this kind of systems are regularly connected to the grid.In the grid, there are disturbances that can bring negative effects on the quality of the electrical energy, as well as possible generator damage.The most common disturbances that have been reported in WECS are SAGS, SWELL and harmonics, this kind of disturbances are caused by nonlinear loads that are connected to the grid. Specifically for the harmonic disturbances, there are some alternatives to eliminate the negative effects in WECS. However, in order to ensure that the proposed solutions work correctly, it is necessary to have a system that can emulate the harmonic disturbances from the grid.Therefore, this paper shows a state of art revision regarding the harmonic disturbances emulators; mainly because it is intended to implement in the future a harmonics emulator that will be coupled into a WECS in order to test different harmonic mitigation controllers.Keywords: Eolic generation, harmonics emulator, harmonic disturbance

Spoken dialog systems based on online generated stochastic finite-state transducers

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Speech Communication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Speech Communication 83 (2016) 81–93. DOI 10.1016/j.specom.2016.07.011.In this paper, we present an approach for the development of spoken dialog systems based on the statistical modelization of the dialog manager. This work focuses on three points: the modelization of the dialog manager using Stochastic Finite-State Transducers, an unsupervised way to generate training corpora, and a mechanism to address the problem of coverage that is based on the online generation of synthetic dialogs. Our proposal has been developed and applied to a sport facilities booking task at the university. We present experimentation evaluating the system behavior on a set of dialogs that was acquired using the Wizard of Oz technique as well as experimentation with real users. The experimentation shows that the method proposed to increase the coverage of the Dialog System was useful to find new valid paths in the model to achieve the user goals, providing good results with real users. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work is partially supported by the project ASLP-MULAN: Audio, Speech and Language Processing for Multimedia Analytics (MINECO TIN2014-54288-C4-3-R).Hurtado Oliver, LF.; Planells Lerma, J.; Segarra Soriano, E.; Sanchís Arnal, E. (2016). Spoken dialog systems based on online generated stochastic finite-state transducers. Speech Communication. 83:81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2016.07.011S81938

Ten Years of Pathway Analysis: Current Approaches and Outstanding Challenges

Pathway analysis has become the first choice for gaining insight into the underlying biology of differentially expressed genes and proteins, as it reduces complexity and has increased explanatory power. We discuss the evolution of knowledge base–driven pathway analysis over its first decade, distinctly divided into three generations. We also discuss the limitations that are specific to each generation, and how they are addressed by successive generations of methods. We identify a number of annotation challenges that must be addressed to enable development of the next generation of pathway analysis methods. Furthermore, we identify a number of methodological challenges that the next generation of methods must tackle to take advantage of the technological advances in genomics and proteomics in order to improve specificity, sensitivity, and relevance of pathway analysis

Benchmarking Quality-Dependent and Cost-Sensitive Score-Level Multimodal Biometric Fusion Algorithms

Automatically verifying the identity of a person by means of biometrics is an important application in day-to-day activities such as accessing banking services and security control in airports. To increase the system reliability, several biometric devices are often used. Such a combined system is known as a multimodal biometric system. This paper reports a benchmarking study carried out within the framework of the BioSecure DS2 (Access Control) evaluation campaign organized by the University of Surrey, involving face, fingerprint, and iris biometrics for person authentication, targeting the application of physical access control in a medium-size establishment with some 500 persons. While multimodal biometrics is a well-investigated subject, there exists no benchmark for a fusion algorithm comparison. Working towards this goal, we designed two sets of experiments: quality-dependent and cost-sensitive evaluation. The quality-dependent evaluation aims at assessing how well fusion algorithms can perform under changing quality of raw images principally due to change of devices. The cost-sensitive evaluation, on the other hand, investigates how well a fusion algorithm can perform given restricted computation and in the presence of software and hardware failures, resulting in errors such as failure-to-acquire and failure-to-match. Since multiple capturing devices are available, a fusion algorithm should be able to handle this nonideal but nevertheless realistic scenario. In both evaluations, each fusion algorithm is provided with scores from each biometric comparison subsystem as well as the quality measures of both template and query data. The response to the call of the campaign proved very encouraging, with the submission of 22 fusion systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to benchmark quality-based multimodal fusion algorithms

Personalized identification of altered pathway using accumulated data

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 협동과정 생물정보학전공, 2014. 8. 박태성.유전자 네트웍의 이상을 탐지하는 것은 질병의 기작을 이해하고 나아가 개인의 유전자 결함에 맞춤 치료를 선정하는 일에 중요하다. 현재 존재하는 유전자 조절/생체 대사 경로 분석 알고리즘은 대부분 정상과 대조군 집단에서의 차이를 판별하는 데에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 이러한 방법은 한 개인에 초점을 맞추어 분석을 하는 용도로는 적합하지 못하다. 한 개인의 유전자 네트웍의 이상을 분석함에 있어 가장 이상적인 방법은 같은 환자의 정상 조직과 질병 조직의 정보를 비교하는 것이다. 하지만, 임상적인 이유에서 환자의 정상 조직의 정보는 항상 가용한 것은 아니다. 정상 조직을 채취 하는 것은 임상적인 위험이 따르며, 특별하고 명확한 이유가 없는 한 권장되지 않는다. 따라서 질병 시료의 개인 맞춤 분석에 있어서, 같은 사람의 정상 조직 정보는 가용하지 않은 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 개인 분석이라는 측면과 해당 환자의 정상 조직 정보가 가용하지 않을 때 유전자 네트웍을 분석하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 본 논문의 방법의 철학은 한 사람의 암 환자 유전자 정보를 많은 수의 집적된 정상 조직의 유전자 정보와 비교하여 이상 유무를 판단하는 것에 있다. 본 논문은 Over-Representation Analysis (ORA), Functional Class Score (FCS) 등의 기존에 알려진 그룹 대 그룹에서의 유전자 네트웍 분석법의 개인향 분석법을 제공한다. 이 방법을 사용하여 본 논문에서는 개인의 유전자 네트웍 이상 점수 (individualized pathway aberrance score : iPAS)를 제시 한다. 본 논문의 방법을 두가지 종류의 암종 (폐 선암종, 대장암) 유전자 발현 데이터에 적용하여 유용성을 보였다. 페 정상 조직과 대장 점막 정상 조직의 유전자 발현 데이터를 참조 표준으로 삼고, 각 암 환자 한 사람씩의 유전자 네트웍의 이상을 분석 하였다. 본 논문의 방법은 기존의 연구에서 밝혀진 환자 생존률과 관련된 유전자 네트웍 이상을 정확히 탐지 하였다. 본 논문의 방법은 기존에 방법이라고 할 수 있는, 환자 한명의 정보를 해당 환자가 속한 코호트의 정보를 참조 표준으로 사용하여 해석하는 것 보다, 더 높은 재현성을 보였다. 재현성 측정은 서로 다른 데이터군을 사용하여, 유전자 네트웍 발굴군에서 발굴한 생존 관련 유전자 네트웍이, 발굴에 사용되지 않았던 데이터군에서도 생존에 유의한 영향을 미치는지 측정하였다. 또한 해당 방법은 유전자 네트웍의 특징을 기반으로 환자와 정상을 구분할 수 있다. 특별히 amino acid synthesis and interconversion pathway의 경우 폐 선암을 독립적인 검증을 위한 데이터군에서도 AUC 0.982로 잘 구분할 수 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 제시한 방법은 돌연변이가 유전자 발현 네트웍에 미치는 영향을 정량화 할 수 있는 방법으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 방법을 사용하였을 때 유방암의 유전자 발현 네트웍에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 PI3KCA, TP53, RB1 의 세 유전자를 찾을 수 있었고, 이는 알려진 유방암의 지식과 일치한다. 본 논문의 임상적인 의의는 환자 한 사람에서 정상 조직 정보가 없을 때, 한 사람의 암을 유전자 네트웍 측면에서 해석 할 수 있도록 한 것이다. 이러한 방법은 데이터에 기반한 것으로서, 축적되고 있는 정상 조직 데이터를 사용하여, 더욱 정확한 데이터 기반 의사 결정을 하는 데에 기여할 수 있다. 본 논문의 방법은 유전자 발현 뿐 아니라 돌연 변이 분석과도 연계되어, 환자의 암을 유발하는 유전자 네트웍을 발굴하고, 맞춤 치료제를 선정하는 일에 기여할 수 있다.Identifying altered pathways in an individual is important for understanding disease mechanisms and for the future application of custom therapeutic decisions. Existing pathway analysis techniques are mainly focused on discovering altered pathways between normal and cancer groups and are not suitable for identifying the pathway aberrance that may occur in an individual sample. A simple way to identify individuals pathway aberrance is to compare normal and tumor data from the same individual. However, the matched normal data from the same individual is often unavailable in clinical situation. We therefore suggest a new approach for the personalized identification of altered pathways, making special use of accumulated normal data in cases when a patients matched normal data is unavailable. The philosophy behind our method is to quantify the aberrance of an individual sample's pathway by comparing it to accumulated normal samples. We propose and examine personalized extensions of pathway statistics, Over-Representation Analysis (ORA) and Functional Class Scoring (FCS), to generate individualized pathway aberrance score (iPAS). Collected microarray data of normal tissue of lung and colon mucosa is served as reference to investigate a number of cancer individuals of lung adenocarcinoma and colon cancer, respectively. Our method concurrently captures known facts of cancer survival pathways and identifies the pathway aberrances that represent cancer differentiation status and survival. It also provides more improved validation rate of survival related pathways than when a single cancer sample is interpreted in the context of cancer-only cohort. In addition, our method is useful in classifying unknown samples into cancer or normal groups. Particularly, we identified amino acid synthesis and interconversion pathway is a good indicator of lung adenocarcinoma (AUC 0.982 at independent validation). We also suggest a new approach for discovering rare mutations that have functional impact in the context of pathway by iteratively combining rare mutations until no more mutations with pathway impact can be added. The approach is shown to sensitively capture mutations that change pathway level gene expression at breast cancer data. Clinical importance of the method is providing pathway interpretation of single cancer even though its matched normal data is unavailable.Abstract 1 List of Figures 5 List of Tables 6 1. Introduction 7 1.1 Existing pathway analysis approaches (Group to group) 7 1.1.1 Importance of pathway analysis 8 1.1.2 Component of pathway analysis 9 1.1.3 Classification of existing pathway analysis approaches 17 1.2 Personalized pathway analysis 32 1.3 Purpose and novelty of this study 36 1.4 Outline of thesis 37 2. Methods and materials 39 2.1 Gene expression data 39Docto

Metodología para el análisis automático de imágenes de sensores remotos de alta resolución basada en líneas

Las imágenes de sensores remotos de muy alta resolución contienen información muy detallada sobre los objetos que se encuentran sobre la superficie de la tierra, lo que permite visibilizar patrones adicionales, pero cuya extracción eficiente usando técnicas de procesamiento automático se torna muy compleja, por lo que se hace necesario desarrollar nuevas técnicas que permitan detectarlos y clasificarlos. Esta investigación aborda una nueva aproximación basada en líneas, que permiten extraer la información requerida para determinar de forma automática la escala de la imagen, el proceso de segmentación, y finalmente, la clasificación de los objetos; conformando una metodología integrada, que utiliza solamente la información inherente a la escena bajo estudio, permitiendo determinar los parámetros requeridos para las técnicas utilizadas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se propuso como objetivo principal de esta investigación, proponer una metodología para el procesamiento automático de las imágenes de sensores remotos de alta resolución extrayendo la información requerida a partir de la línea seleccionada para la escena bajo estudio. Los resultados alcanzados demuestran que los métodos desarrollados para la determinación de la escala en la imagen, la segmentación y la clasificación, basados en la aproximación en líneas, logró rendimientos competitivos frente a los métodos vigentes, que usualmente requieren la participación de un experto o usuario, quien es el encargado de seleccionar los parámetros de acuerdo a su conocimiento o experiencia. Se puede concluir que la metodología basada en líneas desarrollada en esta investigación, que enlaza secuencialmente tres fases fundamentales en el procesamiento y análisis de imágenes de sensores remotos, ha demostrado un buen rendimiento, lo que permite vislumbrar un alto potencial a futuro.Abstract: The high resolution remote sensing images contain very detailed information about objects on earth’s surface, showing additional patterns, but whose efficient extraction using automatic processing techniques becomes very complex, making it necessary to develop new techniques to detect and classify them. This research presents a new approach based on lines, that allows to extract automatically the information required to determine the image scale, to guide the image segmentation process, and finally, to classify objects; conforming an integrated methodology, which uses only the information inherent to the scene under study, allowing to determine the parameters required for the techniques used. Taking this into account, it was proposed as this research’s main objective, to propose a methodology for automatic processing of remote sensing images with very high resolution extracting the required information from the line previously selected for the scene under study. The results shows these developed methods for image’s scale determination, segmentation and classification, based on line approach, giving competitive returns against current methods, which usually require experto/user participation to choose the appropiate parameter setting according to their knowledge or experience. It can be concluded that the line-based methodology developed in this research, which integrates three fundamental stages on processing and analysis of remote sensing images, has demonstrated good performance and envisions a high potential for the future.Doctorad