47,979 research outputs found
Time is of the Essence: Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection in Industrial Time Series Data
The Industrial Internet of Things drastically increases connectivity of
devices in industrial applications. In addition to the benefits in efficiency,
scalability and ease of use, this creates novel attack surfaces. Historically,
industrial networks and protocols do not contain means of security, such as
authentication and encryption, that are made necessary by this development.
Thus, industrial IT-security is needed. In this work, emulated industrial
network data is transformed into a time series and analysed with three
different algorithms. The data contains labeled attacks, so the performance can
be evaluated. Matrix Profiles perform well with almost no parameterisation
needed. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average performs well in the
presence of noise, requiring parameterisation effort. Long Short Term
Memory-based neural networks perform mediocre while requiring a high training-
and parameterisation effort.Comment: Extended version of a publication in the 2018 IEEE International
Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW
Is China Systematically Buying Up Key Technologies? Chinese M & A transactions in Germany in the context of âMade in China 2025â. Bertelsmann Stiftung GED Study 2018
âMade in China 2025â (MIC 2025) is the Chinese central
governmentâs main industrial policy strategy aimed at
turning China into the global leader of the fourth industrial
revolution. Chinese M & A transactions abroad explicitly
belong to the instruments for implementing MIC 2025.
Germany is an attractive location for Chinese M & A transactions
and offers tailor-made know-how for MIC 2025 due
to its large number of âhidden championsâ, i. e. technological
world market leaders in highly specialized niches.
64 percent or 112 of the 175 analyzed Chinese M & A transactions
with a share of at least ten percent in German companies
between 2014 and 2017 percent can be assigned to
one of the ten key sectors in which China aims to assume
global technology leadership with the help of MIC 2025.
On the one hand, there is a clear focus on the MIC 2025
sectors of âenergy-saving and new-energy vehiclesâ,
âelectrical equipmentâ and âhigh-end numerical control
machinery and roboticsâ â i. e. sectors in which Germany
can in part demonstrate significant competitive technological
advantages. Even before the introduction of MIC 2025
in 2015, however, these sectors were already a focus of
interest for Chinese investors in Germany.
On the other hand, key sectors that played little or no
role for Chinese M & A transactions in Germany have also
become increasingly important since the introduction of
MIC 2025. This is particularly evident in the MIC 2025
sector of âbiomedicine and high-performance medical
devicesâ.
The majority of the 112 Chinese M & A transactions (just
under 60 percent) that are relevant for MIC 2025 are distributed
across only three German states: Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
(26), North Rhine-Westphalia (22) and Bavaria (18)
â the very regions in which the majority of the German
âhidden championsâ are located.
State-owned investors make up 18 percent of the Chinese
M & A transactions examined, and are therefore a minority.
However, taking into account only the M & A transactions
that can be assigned to the MIC 2025 sectors, their share
rises to around 22 percent â a possible indication of state
stakeholdersâ greater interest in acquiring know-how
abroad for the implementation of MIC 2025.
However, the formal type of ownership of Chinese companies
does not show the full picture of potential state influence
due to the complex interplay between the state and
companies in China. Therefore, the great challenge for Germany
consists in the forms of state influence that are not
or only insufficiently reflected in the majority ownership
type of Chinese investors
Towards Psychometrics-based Friend Recommendations in Social Networking Services
Two of the defining elements of Social Networking Services are the social
profile, containing information about the user, and the social graph,
containing information about the connections between users. Social Networking
Services are used to connect to known people as well as to discover new
contacts. Current friend recommendation mechanisms typically utilize the social
graph. In this paper, we argue that psychometrics, the field of measuring
personality traits, can help make meaningful friend recommendations based on an
extended social profile containing collected smartphone sensor data. This will
support the development of highly distributed Social Networking Services
without central knowledge of the social graph.Comment: Accepted for publication at the 2017 International Conference on AI &
Mobile Services (IEEE AIMS
CO2 Highways for Europe: Modelling a Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage Infrastructure for Europe. CEPS Working Document No. 340/November 2010
This paper presents a mixed integer, multi-period, cost-minimising model for a carbon capture, transport and storage (CCTS) network in Europe. The model incorporates endogenous decisions about carbon capture, pipeline and storage investments. The capture, flow and injection quantities are based on given costs, certificate prices, storage capacities and point source emissions. The results indicate that CCTS can theoretically contribute to the decarbonisation of Europeâs energy and industrial sectors. This requires a CO2 certificate price rising to âŹ55 per tCO2 in 2050, and sufficient CO2 storage capacity available for both on- and offshore sites. Yet CCTS deployment is highest in CO2-intensive industries where emissions cannot be avoided by fuel switching or alternative production processes. In all scenarios, the importance of the industrial sector as a first-mover to induce the deployment of CCTS is highlighted. By contrast, a decrease in available storage capacity or a more moderate increase in CO2 prices will significantly reduce the role of CCTS as a CO2 mitigation technology, especially in the energy sector. Furthermore, continued public resistance to onshore CO2 storage can only be overcome by constructing expensive offshore storage. Under this restriction, reaching the same levels of CCTS penetration would require a doubling of CO2 certificate prices
Predictive Maintenance on the Machining Process and Machine Tool
This paper presents the process required to implement a data driven Predictive Maintenance (PdM) not only in the machine decision making, but also in data acquisition and processing. A short review of the different approaches and techniques in maintenance is given. The main contribution of this paper is a solution for the predictive maintenance problem in a real machining process. Several steps are needed to reach the solution, which are carefully explained. The obtained results show that the Preventive Maintenance (PM), which was carried out in a real machining process, could be changed into a PdM approach. A decision making application was developed to provide a visual analysis of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the machining tool. This work is a proof of concept of the methodology presented in one process, but replicable for most of the process for serial productions of pieces
A Consumption-Based Approach to Carbon Emission Accounting â Sectoral Differences and Environmental Benefits
In recent years there has been growing concern about the emission trade balances of countries. This is due to the fact that countries with an open economy are active players in international trade. Trade is not only a major factor in forging a countryâs economic structure, but contributes to the movement of embodied emissions beyond country borders. This issue is especially relevant from the carbon accounting policy and domestic production perspective, as it is known that the production-based principle is employed in the Kyoto agreement.
The research described herein was designed to reveal the interdependence of countries on international trade and the corresponding embodied emissions both on national and on sectoral level and to illustrate the significance of the consumption-based emission accounting. It is presented here to what extent a consumption-based accounting would change the present system based on production-based accounting and allocation. The relationship of CO2 emission embodied in exports and embodied in imports is analysed here. International trade can blur the responsibility for the ecological effects of production and consumption and it can lengthen the link between consumption and its consequences.
Input-output models are used in the methodology as they provide an appropriate framework for climate change accounting. The analysis comprises an international comparative study of four European countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Hungary) with extended trading activities and carbon emissions.
Moving from a production-based approach in climate policy to a consumption-based principle and allocation approach would help to increase the efficiency of emission reductions and would force countries to rethink their trading activities in order to decrease the environmental load of production activities. The results of this study show that it is important to distinguish between the two emission accounting approaches, both on the global and the local level
The Black Diamonds of Bahia (Carbonados) and the Building of Euro-America: A Half-century Supply Monopoly (1880s-1930s)
This paper traces the birth, maturity and decline of what was Bahiaâs natural supply monopoly of black or industrial diamonds: first used in polishing materials (for consumption); then in drilling; and by 1940 they were employed in making parts for the Third Reichâs premier fighter plane, the Messerschmitt bF 109. The evolution in the way these stones were produced, the agents involved in production and distribution, and how the income was distributed along the commodity chain are examined. The importance of technological change is documented with the huge boost in demand for industrial diamonds when the Leschot diamond-head drill was invented (1863). The First World War cut off Bahia from traditional intermediaries and opened up a space for North American capital. A great surge in black diamond production in Bahia was led by the Bandler Corporation of New York, which introduced modern machine-based mining in the late 1920s; but the Great Depression doomed the venture. Between 1931 and 1941, keen secret competition arose to secure access to Bahiaâs diamonds between the rising Axis and the Allied powers given the crucial role these stones played in making the modern weapons of war.
The first section analyses the emergence of Brazilâs natural monopoly in black diamonds. The second points out the crucial importance technological change (the Leschot diamond-head drill). The next section develops a unique analysis of how earnings were distributed along the black diamond commodity chain at the turn of the twentieth century. The final section underscores how the Great War created a vacuum into which North American capital plunged, such that by the late 1920s for the first time modern machinery was being used for the mass production of black diamonds in Brazil. While the Great Depression frustrated these efforts, the looming Axis and Allied contenders carried out secret schemes to secure Brazilâs black diamonds so central to the execution of modern war
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