Respon Perkecambahan Benih Sorgum {Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench} Terhadap Perlakuan Osmoconditioning Dalam Mengatasi Cekaman S Alinitas*[response of Sorghum {Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench} Seeds Germination by Osmoconditioning Treatments to Overcome Salinity

The research was undertaken in two experiments. The first experiment was carried out to find out the germination capacity and vigor of sorghum seeds that consisted of four varieties namely Rio, Mandau, Sangkur and Keris. The second experiment was to determine the response of two sorghum varieties which had good germination capacities and so vigorous from the first experiment by osmoconditioning treatments. The growth media is saline soil with NaCl content 8.61% and pH 8.2. The osmoconditioning treatments were soaking seeds in each Na,SO4 0.2 M, NH4C1 0.2 M, KNO3 0.2 M solution for 48 hours and untreated sorghum seeds served as the control. The results showed that there was no interaction between varieties of sorghum seeds and osmoconditioning treatments on germination percentage but osmoconditioning treatments with Na,SO4 0.2 M and NH4C1 0.2 M could promote germination percentage of sorghum seeds on saline condition

Prevalence of strong bottom currents in the greater Agulhas system

Deep current meter data and output from two high-resolution global ocean circulation models are used to determine the prevalence and location of strong bottom currents in the greater Agulhas Current system. The two models and current meter data are remarkably consistent, showing that benthic storms, with bottom currents greater than 0.2 m s(-1), occur throughout the Agulhas retroflection region south of Africa more than 20% of the time. Furthermore, beneath the mean Agulhas Current core and the retroflection front, bottom currents exceed 0.2 m s(-1) more than 50% of the time, while away from strong surface currents, bottom currents rarely exceed 0.2 m s(-1). Implications for sediment transport are discussed and the results are compared to atmospheric storms. Benthic storms of this strength (0.2 m s(-1)) are comparable to a 9 m s(-1) (Beaufort 5) windstorm, but scaling shows that benthic storms may be less effective at lifting and transporting sediment than dust storms

The study of aluminum loss and consequent phase transformation in heat-treated acid-leached kaolin.

This study investigates the effect of Al leaching during Fe removal from kaolin to mullite. Heat-treated kaolin was obtained by heating natural kaolin at 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C. The heat-treated kaolin was then leached at 100 °C with 4 M, 3 M, 2 M, 1 M, 0.2 M solution of H2SO4 and 0.2 M solution of oxalic acid. The dried samples were sintered to 1300 °C for 4 h at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. X-ray diffractometry and differential thermal analysis were used to study the phase transformation of kaolin to mullite. It was found that 700 °C is the optimum preheat-treatment temperature to leach out Fe and also Al for both types of the acids used. The majority of the 4 M sulfuric acid-treated kaolins formed the cristobalite phase when sintered. On the other hand, 1 M, 0.2 M sulfuric acid and 0.2 M oxalic acid leached heat-treated kaolin formed mullite and quartz phase after sintering

Advances in sputtered and ion plated solid film lubrication

The glow discharge or ion assisted vacuum deposition techniques, primarily sputtering and ion plating, have rapidly emerged and offer great potential to deposit solid lubricants. The increased energizing of these deposition processes lead to improved adherence and coherence, favorable morphological growth, higher density, and reduced residual stresses in the film. These techniques are of invaluable importance where high precision machines tribo-components require very thin, uniform lubricating films (0.2 m), which do not interface with component tolerances. The performance of sputtered MoS2 films and ion plated Au and Pb films are described in terms of film thickness, coefficient of friction, and wear lives

Color and tenderness in chilled or frozen pork loin chops after antioxident dipping and modified atmosphere packaging

The objective of this research was to evaluate color and tenderness in chilled or frozen pork loin chops after antioxidant dipping and modified atmosphere packaging. Loin chops were dipped in 0.3 M calcium chloride, 2.0 % sodium ascorbate, 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, or 0.3 M calcium ascorbate. Non-dipped chops served as controls. Chops were packaged in high oxygen (80% O2 / 20% CO2) or no oxygen (80% N2 / 20% CO2) and stored chilled (4° C) for 7 days or frozen (-18° C) for 21 days. After storage, chops were displayed under continuous fluorescent lighting for 3 or 6 days. Instrumental color evaluations indicated that Longissimus dorsi (LD) L* values (lightness) were not significantly different between treatment combinations. However, chops dipped in 0.2 M or 0.3 M calcium ascorbate, stored frozen, packaged in high oxygen, and displayed for 3 days had higher final LD a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values than other treatment combinations. Sodium or calcium ascorbate increased a* and b* values in vertebrae bone. Chops frozen for 21 days, dipped in 0.2 M or 0.3 calcium ascorbate, packaged in high oxygen, and displayed for 3 days had higher vertebrae a* and b* values than other treatment combinations. This combination of factors indicates that high oxygen atmospheres along with ascorbate and freezing will help keep the hemoglobin iron in a reduced state. In addition, chops dipped in 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, packaged in high oxygen, frozen for 21 days, and displayed for 3 days had lower percent drip loss, percent cook loss, and shear force values than other treatment combinations. Based on the results of our experiment, dipping pork loin chops in 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, packaging in high oxygen, freezing for 21 days, and displaying for 3 days will enhance color and tenderness

Low-mass e+e- pair production in 158 A GeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS, its dependence on multiplicity and transverse momentum

We report a measurement of low-mass electron pairs observed in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb-Au collisions. The pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2 < m < 2.0 GeV is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.9 (syst) over the expectation from neutral meson decays. As observed previously in S-Au collisions, the enhancement is most pronounced in the invariant-mass region 300-700 MeV. For Pb-Au we find evidence for a strong increase of the enhancement with centrality. In addition, we show that the enhancement covers a wide range in transverse momentum, but is largest at the lowest observed pt.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.