Plants used for making recreational tea in Europe: A review based on specific research sites

This paper is a review of local plants used in water infusions as aromatic and refreshing hot beverages (recreational tea) consumed in food-related settings in Europe, and not for specific medicinal purposes. The reviewed 29 areas are located across Europe, covering the post-Soviet countries, eastern and Mediterranean Europe. Altogether, 142 taxa belonging to 99 genera and 40 families were reported. The most important families for making herbal tea in all research areas were Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, while Rosaceae was popular only in eastern and central Europe. With regards to botanical genera, the dominant taxa included Mentha, Tilia, Thymus, Origanum, Rubus and Matricaria. The clear favorite was Origanum vulgare L., mentioned in 61% of the regions. Regionally, other important taxa included Rubus idaeus L. in eastern Europe, Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. in southern Europe and Rosa canina L. in central Europe. Future research on the pharmacological, nutritional and chemical properties of the plants most frequently used in the tea-making process is essential to ensure their safety and appropriateness for daily consumption. Moreover, regional studies dedicated to the study of local plants used for making recreational tea are important to improve our understanding of their selection criteria, cultural importance and perceived properties in Europe and abroad. © 2013 Sõukand et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

The axiological and functional potential of the gentry theme proposed by Jan Barszczewski and his followers

The development of the gentry theme contributes to the aesthetic identification of Belarusian prose. The axiological and functional potential of the gentry theme in Belarusian literature is dynamic. It is also determined by socio-cultural circumstances. J. Barszczewski laid the foundations for a romantic-realistic development of the gentry world, W. Karatkiewicz showed its ambiguity, and L. Rublewska made it poetic, created the myth of Belarusian people as a gentry nation.Barouka Wanda (Бароўка Ванда) – doktor habilitowana nauk filologicznych w zakresie literaturoznawstwa, Witebski Państwowy Uniwersytet im. P. M. Maszerawa, Wydział Filologiczny, Katedra Literatury Białoruskiej (profesor).Witebski Uniwersytet Państwowy im. P.M. MaszerowaBarŝĉevski Â., Vybranyâ tvory, per. Mikoly Chaustoviĉa,Minsk 1998 [Я. Баршчэўскi, Выбраныя творы, перак. Мiколы Хаўстовiча, Мiнск 1998].Karatkeviĉ U., Zbor tvoraú. U 8 t. Minsk 1990, t. 8, kn. 1. [У. Караткевiч, Збор твораў. У 8 т., Мiнск 1990, т. 8, кн. 1].Rubleuskaâ L., Ŝypŝyna dlâ Pani: verŝy, ese [Л. Рублеўская,Шыпшына для Панi:вершы, эсэ, Мiнск 2006].Rubleuskaâ L., Serca marmurovaga anŏla: apovesci, apavâdanni [Л. Рублеўская, Сэрца мармуровага анёла: аповесцi, апавяданнi, Мiнск 2003].1

Cechy artystyczne opowiadań Łukasza Kalugi „Дзе косцi мелюць”, „Зэнка малы нiколi не быў”

In this article, the artistic features of two camp stories by Lukash Kalyuga “Дзе косцi мелюць” and “Зэнка малы нiколi не быў” are analyzed. The author examines the identification of the national character, culture, life of the Belarusian people. The work presents their psychology in the early twentieth century, their defining mental features, both positive and negative.W artykule omówiono cechy artystyczne dwóch opowiadań łagrowych Łukasza Kaługi „Дзе косцi мелюць” i „Зэнка малы нiколi не быў”. Autor zwraca uwagę na narodowy charakter, kulturę i życie Białorusinów. Praca prezentuje psychologię Białorusinów na początku XX wieku, definiuje zarówno ich cechy pozytywne, jak i negatywne.Zujewa Nadzieja (Зуева Надзея) – magister nauk filologicznych, Katedra Historii Literatury Białoruskiej,Wydział Filologiczny, Białoruski Uniwersytet Państwowy (doktorantka).Białoruski Uniwersytet Państwowy, MińskVasilieuskaja A. S., Zagalouki tvorau Lukacha Kalugi, Minsk 2002 [Васiлеўская А. С., Загалоўкi твораў Лукаша Калюгi, (у:) Актуальныя пытаннi беларускай лiнгвiстыкi: (да 80-годдзя праф. М. С. Яўневiча): Зб. навук. арт. Мiнск 2002 [Электронны рэсурс]: URL http://elib.bspu.by/bitstream/doc.pdf (дата звароту: 20.07.2018)].Drazdova Z. U., Tvorchast’ A. Mryja I L. Kalugi: styljavyja asablivas’ti, Minsk 1997 [Драздова З. У., Творчасць А. Мрыя i Л. Калюгi: Стылявыя асаблiвасцi, Мiнск 1997].Kaljuga L., Tvory: raman, apovesti, apavjadan’i, listy, Minsk 2001 [Калюга Л., Творы: раман, аповесцi, апавяданнi, лiсты, уклад., прадм. Я. Р. Лецкi, Мiнск 1992].Martinovich A., Napisana za kratami, Lim, 26 studzienja 1990, № 169 [Марцiновiч А. Напiсана за кратамi, “Лiтаратура i Мастацтва”, 26 студзеня 1990, № 169].1039540

The concept of home as a basis of the national image of the Belarusian world

W prozie białoruskiej XX wieku dominuje koncepcja domu. Dom w utworach Jakuba Kołasa. Michasia Zareckiego, Iwana Mielerza, Wasila Bykawa, Wiktara Kazko, Jurija Stankiewicza jest miejscem gdzie rodzą się zasady moralne człowieka, fundamentem i podstawą tego co człowieka tworzy i nie tworzy. Połączenie w literaturze pięknej w pojęciu dom źródeł fizycznych i transfizycznych pokazuje uniwersalne i egzystencjalne prawa ludzkiego istnienia.The concept of home dominates in Belarusian prose of the 20th century. Home in the works by Y. Kolas, M. Zaretsky, I. Melezh, V. Bykov, V. Kaz’ko, Y. Stankevich is a place where the spiritual principles of a man are formed, but it is also a solid foundation for self-expression. The unity of physical and trans-physical sources in the concept of home in literature enables to reveal universal existential principles of human existence.Tarasowa Tamara (Тарасава Тамара), doktor habilitowana nauk filologicznych w zakresie literaturoznawstwa, Białoruski Państwowy Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Maksima Tanka, Wydział Filologiczny, Katedra Literatury i Kultury Białoruskiej (profesor).Беларускi дзяржаўны педагагiчны ўнiверсiтэт iмя Максiма Танка, МiнскБыкаў В., Ваўчыная яма, “Полымя” 1999, № 1.Быкаў В., Поўны збор твораў. У 14 т., Мiнск 2005, т. 1.Казько В., Выратуй i памiлуй нас, чорны бусел. Аповесцi, апавяданнi, эсэ, Мiнск 1993.Колас Я., Збор твораў. У 20 т., Мiнск 2008, т. 5.Колас Я., Збор твораў: У 20 т., Мiнск 2009, т. 6.Колас Я., Збор твораў: У 20 т., Мiнск 2009, т. 8.Кораблев А.А., Дом и бездомность в русской литературе (Пушкин – Гоголь – Булгаков), [Электронны рэсурс], Рэжым доступа: http://domgogolya.ru/science/researches/1399/, Дата доступа: 25.04.2017.Степанов Ю.С., Константы. Словарь русской культуры, Москва 2001.911913

The family image in Andrey Fedorenko’s “Silence”

Autorka artykułu analizuje utwór „Cisza” wybitnego białoruskiego twórcy Andreja Fiedarenki. Pisarz przedstawia życie trzech pokoleń rodziny Dworaków, porusza problem dojrzewania i wpływu środowiska na kształtowanie się charakteru dziecka. Ukazanie trudnych relacji rodzinnych, różnic charakterów i życiowych priorytetów bohaterów staje się pretekstem do rozważań nad życiem współczesnego człowieka, jego stosunkiem do historii i przyrody.The author of the article analyzes Andrey Fedorenko’s “Silence”. The writer describes the life of three generations of the Dvoraks family, discusses the question of puberty and the influence of the surroundings on a child’s character. Presenting difficult family relations, different characters and lifelong priorities becomes an excuse to consider life of a contemporary man, his attitude to history and nature.Alsztyniuk Anna (Альштынюк Анна), doktor nauk humanistycznych w zakresie literaturoznawstwa, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Wydział Filologiczny, Katedra Filologii Białoruskiej (asystent).Унiверсiтэт у БеластокуАлейнiк Л. В., Сацыялiзацыя дзiцяцi ў сям’i ў аповесцi А. Федарэнкi “Цiша”, [online], http://elib.psu.by:8080/bitstream/123456789/14046/1/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%20%D0%9B.%D0%92.%202015-10%20c%2095-99.pdf [доступ: 21.09.2017]Бязлепкiна А., Беларуская лiтаратура мяжы ХХ–ХХI стст: тэндэнцыi развiцця, “Studia Białorutenistyczne” 2013, Nr 7.Верцiхоўская М., Ад “Пелi” да “Дзiкага Лугу”, “Лiтаратура i мастацтва” 2013, № 28.Весялуха М., Памiж горадам i вëскай, [online], http://zviazda.by/be/news/20140512/1399874454-pamizh-goradam-i-vyoskay [доступ: 21.03.2017].Козiч В. I., Андрэй Федарэнка, [у:] Гiсторыя беларускай лiтаратуры ХХ стагоддзя: У 4-ох тамах, т. 4, кн. 3, Мiнск 2001.Корань Л., Агрэсiя формы. Стылëвыя пошукi маладой прозы, [у:] Л. Корань, Цукровы пеўнiк: Лiтаратурна-крытычныя артыкулы, Мiнск 1996.Мiхась Тычына: “Андрэй Федарэнка ўвайшоў у шэраг беларускiх класiкаў” (запiсаў Ю. Ускоў), [online], http://budzma.by/news/mikhas-tychyna-andrey-fyedarenka-wvayshow-u-sherah-byelaruskikh-klasikaw.html, [доступ: 10.04.2017]Федарэнка А., Цiша. Аповесцi. Апавяданнi, Мiнск 2014.928129