Biologicismo y literatura: notas sobre dos cuentos de Jack London

Este trabajo es un comentario e interpretación de dos cuentos de Jack London (1876-1916): ‘Hacer un fuego’ (1908) [‘To build a Fire’], incluido en el libro Lost Face (1910) y ‘Ley de vida’ (1901) [‘The Law of Life’], incluido en Children of the Frost (1902). En el ensayo se propone una interpretación de la ideología que subyace a estos textos (darwinismo, vitalismo) del escritor norteamericano (no nos olvidamos que Jack London tiene más de 50 libros), además de un acercamiento a los puntos de contacto con otros imaginarios (Hemingway, Luis Sepúlveda, ecologismo).[Anotace v českém jazyce se připravuje]A comentary and interpretation of two short stories by north american writer Jack London (1876-1916): ‘To build a Fire’ (1908) and ‘Law of Life’ (1901). If focuses on darwinism and vitalism as a form of ideology determining London’s texts, and points out contacts with other imaginaries (Hemingway, Luis Sepúlveda, ecologism)

The cavalier in the mind of the South, 1876-1916

The cavalier image in the antebellum South represented the pinnacle of white southern manhood. Defined by their chivalry, honor, bravery, and skills as horsemen and fighters—characteristics found valuable by southerners. Cavaliers, however, also embodied the white South’s control over a large enslaved black population, and many southern planters fashioned themselves according to this image. Over time, the image became more aristocratic as cavalier became synonymous with slaveholders, and slaveholders, most believed, provided social order. After the Civil War, the cavalier did not completely disappear. Instead, southerners slowly began a transformation of the cavalier. By applying the title of cavalier to George Armstrong Custer after his death, southerners honored his military ability, his manhood, and most important, the uses his death had in aiding southerners in their call to end Reconstruction. Applying the title to a northerner, however, hastened the downfall of the cavalier image. During the Spanish-American War, southerners honored Theodore Roosevelt for his manliness and his martial abilities, but never called him a cavalier. In fact, most southerners agreed that the cavalier had become a figure of the past ensconced in the history of the Civil War. In 1898, most of the South’s praise went to volunteer soldiers, who now commanded a powerful place in the southern mind for their prowess in combat, their dutiful response to the call for volunteers, bravery, and manliness. Southern manhood and volunteerism had become such powerful notions that by 1916 both white and black volunteers received praise. Replacing the cavalier, the volunteer image came to embody many of the characteristics its predecessor: honor, manhood, and martial prowess. The declension of the cavalier image can be attributed to three distinctive themes. First, chivalrous manhood became less important to southern society, and as chivalry faded, so too did the cavalier image. Warfare and society also became more egalitarian. Volunteer soldiers became just as potent symbolically as the cavalier had once been. Finally, the nature of warfare itself changed. No longer able to mount cavalry charges because of technological advancements, the importance of the mounted warrior dwindled away

“To Reveal the Humble Immigrant Parents to Their Own Children” Immigrant Women, Their American Daughters, and the Hull-House Labor Museum

This essay explores how Jane Addams used her Labor Museum to attempt to connect immigrant adolescents with their parents

American Institutions For The Feeble-Minded, 1876-1916

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2019. Major: History of Science, Technology, and Medicine. Advisors: Sally Kohlstedt, Jennifer Gunn. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 288 pages.Between 1876 and 1916, American institutions for the feeble-minded became an established part of the landscape and reflected important educational, social, medical, and scientific shifts during that period. This dissertation traces attitudes toward those deemed feeble-minded and the institutions that housed them by investigating the voices of people, organizations, and state governments that have not been well explored previously and identifying the particular influences that shaped them. The Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions of Idiotic and Feeble-minded Persons (AMO) formed in 1876 as the professional organization for institution superintendents and expanded its membership over the years to encompass other professionals with an interest in feeble-mindedness. It strove to become the repository of all things related to feeble-mindedness with its members seen as the recognized experts in the field. From small private establishments before the Civil War, these institutions expanded rapidly in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Not only did the number of institutions increase, but the number of residents in the institutions and thus the size of the institutions to house them also grew significantly. While the establishment of pre-Civil War institutions had relied on philanthropic efforts and the advocacy of superintendents, the post-Civil War institutions were usually state funded and relied on the advocacy and social capital of prominent societal leaders. Between 1890 and 1900, the well-established institutions consolidated both the authority of those providing care and the functions of the institutions; in the process they moved from small residential schools to large, congregate, and increasingly, custodial institutions. The beginning of the twentieth century, from 1900 to 1916, brought new issues to the forefront. Compulsory school attendance laws, new understandings of heredity, and eugenics all pushed administrators and sponsors to reconsider the previous conceptions of care for the feeble-minded. Throughout these decades, superintendents, parents, educators, legislators and even members of the general public became engaged in the definition, growth, and influence of these institutions. It was not a static process; all these entities worked in concert with, and, sometimes, in opposition to, with each other

Photography and History in the Pacific Islands; Visual Histories and Photographic Evidence

Over the last decade, historical research into photography in the Pacific has grown and diversified, yet an enormous amount of visual material remains untapped, new approaches and questions await exploration, and most historians still neglect critical engagement with visual evidence. This article, in summarising developments in the historical research of photography both generally and in the Pacific, identifies directions in recent work, and argues that closer links between visual history and Pacific History promise revisions and new vistas of Pacific pasts

Nick Joaquin’s Cándido’s Apocalypse: Re-imagining the Gothic in a Postcolonial Philippines

In this context, this paper explores the idea of the Gothic in Joaquin’s writing and how it relates to Joaquin being the “most original voice in postcolonial Philippine writing.” In 1972, the University of Queensland Press featured Joaquin’s works in its Asian and Pacific writing series. This “new” collection, Tropical Gothic (1972), contained his significant early works published in Prose and Poems (1952) plus his novellas. This collection’s title highlights a specific aspect of Joaquin’s writing, that of his propensity to use Gothic tropes such as the blending of the real and the fantastic, or the tragic and the comic, as shown in most of the stories in the collection. In particular, I examine how his novella (Cándido’s Apocalypse) interrogates the neurosis of the nation—a disconnection from the past and its repercussions on the present/future of the Philippines

A brief overview on the role of the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Tartu (the former Imperial University of Dorpat/Yuryev) in the development of anthropology in 1876–1918

During its history of nearly 390 years, the development of the University of Tartu has been discontinuous and complicated; sometimes it has even changed its location, but it has always included the Faculty of Medicine. For the longest time, the university operated as the Imperial University of Dorpat/Yuryev within the Russian Empire from 1802–1918. Even today, additions can be made to the biographies of some professors or graduates about the years they spent in Tartu (Dorpat/Yuryev) in that period. So, the role of the famous professors of anatomy Christian Hermann Ludwig Stieda (1837–1918) and August Antonius Rauber (1841–1917) in the development of anthropology at the Institute of Anatomy headed by them from 1876–1911 and in the following years until the Russian university in Tartu closed down in May 1918 has been studied modestly until now. To fill this gap, we present a brief overview on the role of the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Tartu in the development of anthropology in 1876–1918

Utah State University - University Libraries Metadata Application Profile for CONTENTdm Digital Collections

The Utah State University Libraries Digital Collections Application Profile outlines the metadata fields, mappings, definitions, and resources used to assign metadata for digital collections in the USU CONTENTdm repository. Utah State University is a collection partner of the Mountain West Digital Library (MWDL). Therefore, this profile pulls substantially from the MWDL application profile 2.0, which is available at this URL: http://mwdl.org/docs/MWDL_DC_Profile_Version_2.0.pd

Megaeventos y restauración del suelo urbano

One of the most productive uses of ephemeral events like the Olympics, Expos and FIFA World Cup is to use them to produce a better city. These events often require considerable changes in land use and investments in infrastructure that need to serve not only the event but also future needs as well. One valuable urban application is to reuse polluted or aging industrial land and turn it into a city asset. Brownfield development as part of mega events can lead to reclamation of beaches and waterfronts, and the use of industrial land for commercial and residential use. Examples drawn from recent mega events illustrate how careful planning can leave an event legacy of improved land use and quality of life.Uno de los usos más productivos de los megaeventos efímeros como los Juegos Olímpicos, las Expos y la Copa del Mundo de la FIFA es utilizarlos para generar una ciudad mejor. A menudo, estos eventos requieren cambios considerables en cuanto al uso del suelo, así como inversiones en infraestructuras que necesitan servir no solo para el evento en sí, sino igualmente para necesidades futuras. Una aplicación urbana valiosa es reutilizar terreno industrial contaminado o viejo y convertirlo en un activo para la ciudad. El desarrollo urbano de antiguas zonas industriales como parte de los megaeventos puede conducir a la recuperación de playas y riberas, así como al uso de terreno industrial para un uso comercial y residencial.  lgunos ejemplos de megaeventos recientes ilustran cómo una planificación cuidada puede dejar un legado de estos eventos que mejora el uso del suelo y la calidad de vida