十字花科与豆科作物对微囊藻毒素耐受性差异的比较

[目的]研究十字花科与豆科作物对微囊藻毒素(MC)耐受性的差异。[方法]以十字花科作物典型作物油菜、小白菜、甘蓝与豆科典型作物黄豆、豌豆、蚕豆为材料,检测它们在不同浓度MC暴露条件下的生长发育情况,检测指标包括发芽率、株高、叶绿素等。[结果]十字花科作物中油菜与小白菜受MC影响较大,甘蓝受影响较小,而豆科作物普遍受影不大。[结论]豆科作物比十字花科作物对MC耐受性更强,在受微囊藻毒素污染地区可以优先种植豆科作物

化感物质的抑藻作用研究、应用及生态安全性评价

水体富营养化日益严重,水华频繁爆发,如何有效控制水华,治理富营养化水体是目前水环境领域的研究热点和前沿。目前湖泊藻类控制技术主要有:物理方法、化学法、生物法,但是这些方法都有其固有的缺点。利用植物化感作用抑制有害藻类生长具有廉价、生态安全等优点近年来备受关注。化感作用就是生物体产生的生物活性物质即化感物质在生物体之间传递信息并导致生物体相互作用。归纳了国内外不同生活型水生植物化感作用研究的主要成果(包括已报道的抑藻水生植物种类、已从水生植物体内和种植水中分离鉴定得到的化感物质),以及化感物质的联合作用研究,讨论了化感物质的生态安全性。通过化感作用能有效控制引起水体富营养化的各种藻类生长,优化水生生物的组成结构。例如,水体中投放大麦秆可以增加无脊椎动物以及鱼类的数量,从而达到改善水生生态系统的目的。展望了植物化感作用用于水环境治理的发展前景。以期为利用植物化感作用控制水华的发生提供理论基础

室内植物表型平台及性状鉴定研究进展和展望

Plant phenomics is under rapid development in recent years, a research field that is progressing towards integration, scalability, multi-perceptivity and high-throughput analysis. Through combining remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, computer vision, and artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning and deep learning, relevant research methodologies, biological applications and theoretical foundation of this research domain have been advancing speedily in recent years. This article first introduces the current trends of plant phenomics and its related progress in China and worldwide. Then, it focuses on discussing the characteristics of indoor phenotyping and phenotypic traits that are suitable for indoor experiments, including yield, quality, and stress related traits such as drought, cold and heat resistance, salt stress, heavy metals, and pests. By connecting key phenotypic traits with important biological questions in yield production, crop quality and Stress-related tolerance, we associated indoor phenotyping hardware with relevant biological applications and their plant model systems, for which a range of indoor phenotyping devices and platforms are listed and categorised according to their throughput, sensor integration, platform size, and applications. Additionally, this article introduces existing data management solutions and analysis software packages that are representative for phenotypic analysis. For example, ISA-Tab and MIAPPE ontology standards for capturing metadata in plant phenotyping experiments, PHIS and CropSight for managing complicated datasets, and Python or MATLAB programming languages for automated image analysis based on libraries such as OpenCV, Scikit-Image, MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. Finally, due to the importance of extracting meaningful information from big phenotyping datasets, this article pays extra attention to the future development of plant phenomics in China, with suggestions and recommendations for the integration of multi-scale phenotyping data to increase confidence in research outcomes, the cultivation of cross-disciplinary researchers to lead the next-generation plant research, as well as the collaboration between academia and industry to enable world-leading research activities in the near future

UVA Assisted 4-Thiothymidine for Cancer Treatment

This article reviews the developments of 4-thiothymidine analogues, assisted with UVA light, as a novel cancer therapy. First, the key points on synthetic chemistry, photochemistry and cellular toxicity of 4-thiothymidine are summarized. As the chemical structure of 4-thiothymidine is very similar to that of its parent thymidine, thus 4-thiothymidine can be readily incorporated into cellular DNA, and with the help of thymidine kinase, much more preferably into cancerous DNA. Unlike thymidine, 4-thiothymdine can absorb strongly in UVA (longer wavelengths of UV) light. Thus UVA-assisted 4-thiothymidine offers an effective cancer treatment. Some underlying mechanisms of action by 4-thiothymidine/UVA and compares this cancer approach with the commonly used photodynamic therapy are discussed. The various interactions between 4-thiothymidine with human serum albumin are introduced. Finally, a short conclusion on the past efforts and a brief prospect for future work in this exciting research field are given

Greenhouse gas emissions from croplands of China

China possesses cropland of 1.33 million km 2. Cultivation of the cropland not only altered the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the agroecosystems but also affected global climate. The impacts of agroecosystems on global climate attribute to emissions of three greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)

日本における中国人女性移民の食実践に関する人類学的研究―広島県在住の日本人の夫と中国人の妻の家庭における食生活を事例として―

本論文の目的は、日本人男性と結婚している在日中国人女性たちを対象に、人類学的アプローチから、何を、いつ、誰と、なぜ食べるのかという日常の食生活の実態を記述、分析し、ホスト社会で移民として生きていく彼女たちにとって、食がどのような役割を果たしているのかについて明らかにすることである。移民の食生活に関するこれまでの研究では、民族アイデンティティの象徴としての食、移民先での食習慣の変容についての研究成果を蓄積してきた。例えば、Krishnendu Ray（2004）は、アメリカ在住のベンガル移民たちは自分たちをベンガル在住のベンガル人とアメリカ在住のベンガルでないインド人、アメリカ人と差異化するのに食べ物を用いていると指摘している。また、Jacqueline M. Newman （1980）のアメリカニューヨーク市在住の中国人移民の食習慣に関する研究では、チャイナタウンより、混合民族コミュニティ（a mixed ethnic community）が存在するクイーンズに居住している中国人女性移民の食習慣の変化が大きいことが指摘されてきた。しかしながら、これらの研究のなかでは、異なる国籍、異なる習慣や制度をもつ社会の出身の夫婦の家庭における食生活の状況に関しては、まだ十分に触れていない。本論文では、大きな中華街が存在しない地方都市をはじめとした地域において、主に1990年代後半以降来日し、日本人男性と結婚している中国人女性移民を対象とし、彼女たちは日常の食生活を如何に営んでいるのかをフィールド調査に基づき検討した。事例としたのは、専業主婦P、パート勤務者E、フルタイム勤務者Sという異なる生活リズムで送る核家族の3人の女性たちである。3人の女性の就労状況やそれぞれの夫の食嗜好により、彼女それぞれの家庭における日常の朝食と昼食、夕食が異なるパターンが形成されており、夫の両親や中国人の友人等という共食相手によって、食事の内容、あるいは料理の構成も変化することが分かった。こうした3家庭の日常の食生活を通じて、ホスト社会に生きていくこれらの女性にとって、1）食は想像の共同体を創出する媒体および集団の境界線にあたる、2）食はホスト社会に馴染んでいく戦略として扱われる、3）食はホスト社会におけるネットワークの確立に繋がる、4）食は多文化要素を取り入れようとしているこれら女性移民の生き方を反映しているという食の果たしている四つの役割を明らかにした。本論文は、在日中国人女性移民たちの日常食生活における食べる料理の内容やそれぞれの食べる機会に注目することによって、食の役割を考察する一つのアプローチを示す。This paper focuses on the food practices of Chinese women in Japan, married to Japanese men. The purposes of this paper are to use an anthropological approach to clarify the actual condition of their daily eating habits, in particular the dietary composition, and discuss the significance of foods for immigrants who live in a host society.Studies of food as a symbol of ethnic identity and discussions of the changes in the dietary habits of immigrants have increased with the increase of immigration and settlement immigrants. Krishnendu Ray pointed out that Bengalis in the United States differentiate themselves by food practices from Bengalis in Bengal, non-Bengali Indians in the United States, and Americans (Ray 2004: 78). Jacqueline M. Newman argued that the food habits of Chinese immigrants in the United States who live in Queens (a mixed ethnic community in New York) changed their dietary habits more significantly than those who live in Chinatown (Newman 1980). However, it is not always possible to clearly show the ethnic identity of immigrants through food. Newman’s study is limited to the Chinese women whose husbands and both of their parents are likely of Chinese origin. The dietary habits of couples from different nationalities, customs, systems and societies, however, have not been sufficiently investigated.This paper describes the dietary composition of Chinese immigrant women who married Japanese men and are raising children in Hiroshima. Hiroshima, the city where the field was conducted, does not have a large-scale Chinatown.Three Chinese immigrant women in nuclear families were surveyed. They are 1) full-time housewife ‘P’; 2) part-time worker ‘E’; and 3) full-time worker ‘S’. Different eating habits were established in each family for breakfast, lunch, and dinner depending on their employment status and the food preferences of their husbands. It was found out that daily eating habits of a Chinese wife and Japanese husband combine various kinds of food and that the dietary habits are formed under the influence of personal relationships with friends and family members.This paper revealed that food has significance in creating an imagined communities not only among Chinese immigrants in Japan, but also between Chinese in China and those abroad; serves as a tool to familiarize themselves with the host society; develops a network in the host society; and reflects the lifestyles of the Chinese immigrant women who seek to integrate multicultural elements into the host society