Comparison of theoretical heat transfer model with results from experimental monitoring installed in a refurbishment with ventilated facade

One of the main points to consider when a building is renovated is the improvement of its energy efficiency, minimizing the heat loss through the enclosures and its heating consumption. Under this scope idea a ventilated facade was designed and incorporated in an educational building located in the city of Burgos (Spain). The main objective of this document is a comparison between the theoretical model of heat transfer across the building envelope separating the environment and the interior space, and the heat intake through a linear regression model with installed experimental monitoring. For this it has been necessary to carry out an exhaustive study of the thermal transmission of each one of the materials that make up the thermal envelope of the building, as well as the linear thermal bridges that can be produced before and after the renovation. In addition, thanks to the monitoring installed in the demonstrator building, the interior and exterior temperatures and the heat consumption of each of the radiators is known. In this way expected and real energy savings have been compared

Solar absorption in a ventilated facade with PCM. Experimental results

1st International Conference on Solar Heating and Coolingfor Buildings and Industry (SHC 2012)The paper investigates experimentally the thermal performance of a ventilated double skin facade (DSF) with phase change material (PCM) in its air channel, during the heating season in the Mediterranean climate. Two identical house-like cubicles located in Puigverd de Lleida (Spain) were monitored during winter 2012, and in one of them, a ventilated facade with PCM was located in the south wall. The ventilated facade can operate under mechanical or natural ventilation mode and its thermal control depends on the weather conditions and the energetic demand of the building. The experimental results conclude that even though the use of the ventilated facade with PCM improves significantly the thermal behaviour of the whole building (working as a heat supplier in free floating tests, and reducing significantly the electrical consumption of the HVAC systems), these improvements might be increased if a thermal control is used.This work was supported by the “Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía” by means of the project “MECLIDE-Soluciones estructurales con materiales especiales para la climatización diferida de edificios” with the colaboration of DETEA. The work was partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2011-28269-C03-02) and the European Union (COST Action COST TU0802), and in collaboration with DETEA. The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2009 SGR 534)

PV & Peltier façade: preliminary experimental results

The paper reports the preliminary experimental results of an hybridization between a classic ventilated facade and photo-voltaic panels powering a Peltier cells system to improve the inner summer comfort with an environmental friendly approach. The outer layer of the facade is made of photovoltaic panels while a pair of light alloy heat exchanger, coupled on the opposite sides of the Peltier cells, are fitted between the internal space and the air chimney of the facade. The Peltier cells are electrically wired directly with the solar cells: the more the sun affects the front, the more the solar cells produce power to feed the Peltier cells that work as a static heat pump, cooled by the air flowing through the interspace of the ventilated facade. This will result in an inside cooling effect and this effect shall be summed with the well-known passive good performance of the ventilated facade in summer sunny days. During the winter, a simple switch of the power polarity would result in a free inner heating effect, partially using the solar energy incident on the front: the risk of icing on the cold exchanger in the chimney would be reduced because of the heat transmitted by the rear side of the photo-voltaic cells. A small scale prototype has been tested during summer, showing an improvement of the inner air temperature of about 3-4 K during the sunniest hours, in comparison with the unequipped case

Durability of a ventilated stone facade: A case study of a limestone facade affected by the corrosion of the anchorage system

he mechanical behavior of a natural stone ventilated facade is inevitably based on the correct execution of both anchoring elements, stone cladding and enclosure support, either with brick masonry walls or reinforced concrete walls. In the case studied in the present work, the origin of the damages on the facade of a building located in Lisbon has been analyzed, where stone detachments were starting to occur. This enclosure is a ventilated facade cladded with Portuguese limestone Lioz slabs. Non-destructive borescope analysis of the metallic anchoring system employed was performed, as well as X-Ray fluorescence laboratory analysis (FRX) for chemical characterization of the anchoring material. Results obtained demonstrated the problem cause on the stone facade due to incorrect metallic anchoring selection and poor execution combined with stress corrosion effect, especially for slabs with larger dimensions

Recycled versus non-recycled insulation alternatives: LCA analysis for different climatic conditions in Spain

[EN] The construction sector represents more than 40% of energy consumption in the European Union, as well as one of the biggest causes of environmental impact. Therefore, this sector needs a great deal of intervention through policies that promote the energetic efficiency of the buildings. One of the most important structural components to reach this energetic efficiency is the facades. In this work, the facade ventilated is chosen due to its better thermal insulation behaviour. The environmental impact of the facade ventilated depends on the thermal insulation material. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the environmental impact of different ventilated facades according to their thermal insulation behavior. For this purpose, the life-cycle assessment is applied in ventilated facades with different materials in different locations. The materials studied are the rock wool, the natural cork and the recycled cork, and the locations considered are the different climatic areas of Spain. To reach a complete environmental assessment all the ventilated facades life-cycle is considered, from cradle to grave. To do this we use the Open LCA software with the Ecoinvent database with the ReCiPe method. The results show that the recycled cork is the thermal insulation with the lowest environmental impact regardless the location.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Business (Project: BIA2017-85098-R) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project: PID2020-117056RB-I00), along with FEDER funding. In addition would also acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for David Martinez-Munoz University Teacher Training Grant (FPU-18/01592).Ata-Ali, N.; Penadés-Plà, V.; Martínez-Muñoz, D.; Yepes, V. (2021). Recycled versus non-recycled insulation alternatives: LCA analysis for different climatic conditions in Spain. Resources Conservation and Recycling. 175:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105838S1817

Zamora Offices

The double facade works like a trombe wall. It holds in heat in the winter (GREENHOUSE effect) and at the same time expel the heat and protect the building in the summer (VENTILATED facade)https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bcs/1168/thumbnail.jp

Rain infiltration mechanisms in ventilated facades: literature review, case studies, understanding common practice flaws

Ventilated facades are contemporary construction systems, which present a number of benefits in comparison to a traditional facade (unventilated or vented air cavity). Nevertheless, there is a gap in the understanding of its watertightness performance. It is commonly accepted by manufacturers and building practitioners as a rule of thumb that ventilated facade systems are designed to deflect the largest part of the rainwater that impinges on them and only a minimal part infiltrates through the open joints of the cladding. This residual amount of water is supposed to be drained at the bottom, temporarily stored in materials, or dry out to the interior, or to the exterior by means of the chimney effect inside the air cavity. In this way, the air gap of ventilated façades as well as being a capillary break for rainwater, acts as a channel for drainage of the infiltrated rainwater. However, some authors have already reported some pathological lesions on ventilated facades (stains and soiling damages due to biological colonization, problems with wind pressures due to the use of linear connections between panels and substructure, etc.) This paper presents a broad literature review on the response to rainwater of ventilated facades and typical pathologies. Next to that, an analysis of the main guidelines relating to the construction of ventilated facades is conducted. Finally, rainwater infiltration problems from real buildings with ventilated facade systems have been collected in a field study of 20 buildings. From this field study, four study-cases have been selected and thoroughly analysed, first measuring the components of the ventilated façade fixing system in order to draw their constructive detail, second working out on its water management and third, relating the water management to the damages observed in the visual inspections