Identification of key research topics in 5G using co-word analysis

Project Work presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Knowledge Management and Business IntelligenceThe aim of this research is to better understand the field of 5G by analyzing the more than 10000 publications found in the Web of Science database. To achieve this, a co-word analysis was performed to identify research topics based on the author keywords and a strategic diagram was used to measure their level of maturity and relevance to the field. In total this analysis identified that all the articles can be grouped into seven topics, from which, two are mature but peripheral, one is both well developed and central to the field, and the rest are central, but underdeveloped. The value of this research, was the usage of a well-established technique that has been used in many fields, but never in the field of 5G which is growing in relevance

Maximizing Service Reliability in Distributed Computing Systems with Random Node Failures: Theory and Implementation

In distributed computing systems (DCSs) where server nodes can fail permanently with nonzero probability, the system performance can be assessed by means of the service reliability, defined as the probability of serving all the tasks queued in the DCS before all the nodes fail. This paper presents a rigorous probabilistic framework to analytically characterize the service reliability of a DCS in the presence of communication uncertainties and stochastic topological changes due to node deletions. The framework considers a system composed of heterogeneous nodes with stochastic service and failure times and a communication network imposing random tangible delays. The framework also permits arbitrarily specified, distributed load-balancing actions to be taken by the individual nodes in order to improve the service reliability. The presented analysis is based upon a novel use of the concept of stochastic regeneration, which is exploited to derive a system of difference-differential equations characterizing the service reliability. The theory is further utilized to optimize certain load-balancing policies for maximal service reliability; the optimization is carried out by means of an algorithm that scales linearly with the number of nodes in the system. The analytical model is validated using both Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data collected from a DCS testbed

Stability Method of Connectivity Automated Calculation for Heterogeneous Telecommunication Network

The main principles of activity, which provide the ability to establish communication between consumers of the telecommunication network, include ensuring its stability, which is to maintain the functioning in case of failure of some facilities. Among the possible areas of activity in this direction, considering the variability of the modern natural and anthropogenic environment, the improvement of systems for collecting, processing and using metrological information on the sustainability of the network is considered promising. The article concentrates on the creation and study of the methods for calculating the connectivity of the path, taking into account the failures of the means of communication. The main parameters of the network stability have been studied. The main factors of stability of the communication means have been defined: reliability; selection of routes for laying and suspension, ensuring the safety of the cable communication lines; automatic inclusion of a reserve; maintenance procedures. Network reliability is studied in detail. The proposed technique allows automatically calculate the connectivity of a heterogeneous telecommunication network, which will allow real-time monitoring of network stabilityДо основних принципів діяльності, які забезпечують можливість встановлення зв'язку між споживачами телекомунікаційної мережі, відноситься забезпечення її стабільності, що полягає в підтримці функціонування у разі виходу з ладу окремих засобів. Серед можливих напрямків діяльності в цьому напрямку, враховуючи мінливість сучасного природного та антропогенного середовища, перспективним вважається удосконалення систем збору, обробки та використання метрологічної інформації щодо стійкості мережі. Стаття присвячена створенню та дослідженню методів розрахунку зв’язності шляху з урахуванням відмов засобів зв’язку. Досліджено основні параметри стійкості мережі. Визначено основні фактори стійкості засобів зв'язку: надійність; вибір трас прокладки та підвіски, забезпечення безпеки кабельних ліній зв'язку; автоматичне включення резерву; процедури технічного обслуговування. Детально вивчається надійність мережі. Запропонована методика дозволяє автоматично розраховувати зв’язність неоднорідної телекомунікаційної мережі, що дасть змогу в реальному часі контролювати стабільність мережі.К основным принципам деятельности, обеспечивающим возможность установления связи между потребителями сети телекоммуникаций, относится обеспечение ее устойчивости, то есть сохранение функционирования при выходе из строя некоторых объектов. Среди возможных направлений деятельности в этом направлении, учитывая изменчивость современной природной и антропогенной среды, перспективным считается совершенствование систем сбора, обработки и использования метрологической информации об устойчивости сети. Статья посвящена созданию и исследованию методов расчета связности пути с учетом отказов средств связи. Исследованы основные параметры устойчивости сети. Определены основные факторы устойчивости средств связи: надежность; выбор трасс прокладки и подвески, обеспечивающих сохранность кабельных линий связи; автоматическое включение резерва; процедуры технического обслуживания. Подробно изучается надежность сети. Предлагаемая методика позволяет автоматически рассчитывать связность гетерогенной телекоммуникационной сети, что позволит в режиме реального времени контролировать стабильность сети

Embedded Virtual Machines for Robust Wireless Control Systems

Embedded wireless networks have largely focused on open loop sensing and monitoring. To address actuation in closed loop wireless control systems there is a strong need to re-think the communication architectures and protocols for reliability, coordination and control. As the links, nodes and topology of wireless systems are inherently unreliable, such time-critical and safety-critical applications require programming abstractions where the tasks are assigned to the sensors, actuators and controllers as a single component rather than statically mapping a set of tasks to a specific physical node at design time. To this end, we introduce the Embedded Virtual Machine (EVM), a powerful and flexible programming abstraction where virtual components and their properties are maintained across node boundaries. In the context of process and discrete control, an EVM is the distributed runtime system that dynamically selects primary-backup sets of controllers to guarantee QoS given spatial and temporal constraints of the underlying wireless network. The EVM architecture defines explicit mechanisms for control, data and fault communication within the virtual component. EVM-based algorithms introduce new capabilities such as predictable outcomes and provably minimal graceful degradation during sensor/actuator failure, adaptation to mode changes and runtime optimization of resource consumption. Through the design of a natural gas process plant hardware-in-loop simulation we aim to demonstrate the preliminary capabilities of EVM-based wireless networks

Proposal of a health care network based on big data analytics for PDs

Health care networks for Parkinson's disease (PD) already exist and have been already proposed in the literature, but most of them are not able to analyse the vast volume of data generated from medical examinations and collected and organised in a pre-defined manner. In this work, the authors propose a novel health care network based on big data analytics for PD. The main goal of the proposed architecture is to support clinicians in the objective assessment of the typical PD motor issues and alterations. The proposed health care network has the ability to retrieve a vast volume of acquired heterogeneous data from a Data warehouse and train an ensemble SVM to classify and rate the motor severity of a PD patient. Once the network is trained, it will be able to analyse the data collected during motor examinations of a PD patient and generate a diagnostic report on the basis of the previously acquired knowledge. Such a diagnostic report represents a tool both to monitor the follow up of the disease for each patient and give robust advice about the severity of the disease to clinicians

Edge disjoint paths with minimum delay subject to reliability constraint

Recently, multipaths solutions have been proposed to improve the quality-of-service (QoS) in communication networks (CN). This paper describes a problem, DP/RD, to obtain the -edge-disjoint-path-set such that its reliability is at least R and its delay is minimal, for 1. DP/RD is useful for applications that require non-compromised reliability while demanding minimum delay. In this paper we propose an approximate algorithm based on the Lagrange-relaxation to solve the problem. Our solution produces DP that meets the reliability constraint R with delay(1+k)Dmin, for k1, and Dmin is the minimum path delay of any DP in the CN. Simulations on forty randomly generated CNs show that our polynomial time algorithm produced DP with delay and reliability comparable to those obtained using the exponential time brute-force approach

Multi-bit error control coding with limited correction for high-performance and energy- efficient network on chip

In the presence of deep submicron noise, providing reliable and energy-efficient network on-chip operation is becoming a challenging objective. In this study, the authors propose a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-based coding scheme that simultaneously reduces the crosstalk induced bus delay and provides multi-bit error protection while achieving high-energy savings. This is achieved by calculating two-dimensional parities and duplicating all the bits, which provide single error correction and six errors detection. The error correction reduces the performance degradation caused by retransmissions, which when combined with voltage swing reduction, due to its high error detection, high-energy savings are achieved. The results show that the proposed scheme reduces the energy consumption up to 51.7% as compared with other schemes while achieving the target link reliability level. Also, it shows improved network performance as compared with ARQ-based scheme and close to forward error correction-based schemes

A Julia package for bilevel optimization problems

Mathematical optimization is the discipline dealing with the determination of the best (or almost best) decision with respect to a specific cost function and to a set of constraints on the decision. Bilevel optimization is a class of mathematical optimization problems with the optimality conditions of a lower-level problem embedded in the constraints. BilevelOptimization.jl is a toolbox built on top of the JuMP.jl ecosystem for mathematical optimization (Dunning, Huchette, & Lubin, 2017). Bilevel optimization is used to tackle various problems in areas such as power systems, security applications, network design or market equilibria. See Dempe (2018) for an overview of applications and recent formulations and theoretical progress. The computation of an optimal solution to a bilevel problem is in general hard. Even with all the constraints and the objectives at the two levels being linear, the resulting problem is non-convex and NP-hard, with a possibly disjoint feasible set. Optimization practitioners often rely on problem-specific properties and modeling techniques or heuristics. The goal of this package is to offer a both flexible model of a general class of bilevel problems and a solver which is compatible with the JuMP workflow

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WisperNet: Anti-Jamming for Wireless Sensor Networks

Resilience to electromagnetic jamming and its avoidance are difficult problems. It is often both hard to distinguish malicious jamming from congestion in the broadcast regime and a challenge to conceal the activity patterns of the legitimate communication protocol from the jammer. In the context of energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, nodes are scheduled to maximize the common sleep duration and coordinate communication to extend their battery life. This results in well-defined communication patterns with possibly predictable intervals of activity that are easily detected and jammed by a statistical jammer. We present an anti-jamming protocol for sensor networks which eliminates spatio-temporal patterns of communication while maintaining coordinated and contention-free communication across the network. Our protocol, WisperNet, is time-synchronized and uses coordinated temporal randomization for slot schedules and slot durations at the link layer and adapts routes to avoid jammers in the network layer. Through analysis, simulation and experimentation we demonstrate that WisperNet reduces the efficiency of any statistical jammer to that of a random jammer, which has the lowest censorship-to-link utilization ratio. WisperNet is more energy efficient than low-power listen CSMA protocols such as B-mac and is simple to analyze in terms of effective network throughput, reliability and delay. WisperNet has been implemented on the FireFly sensor network platform