2,618 research outputs found
Development and pilot line production of lithium doped silicon solar cells
Scaling up the BCl3 without O2 diffusion beyond 30 to 40 cells was investigated by using a 100 cell capacity diffusion boat which held the cells vertically. Sheet resistances and I-V curves were uniform with 10 to 20 cells spaced along the entire boat, so the quantity was increased to 40 and then 60 cells per diffusion. There was no change in cell output and uniformity going from 20 to 40 cells per diffusion; however only half the lithium cells fabricated from slices diffused in the 60 cell diffusion had efficiencies of 11% or better. Although uniform sheet resistances and I-V characteristic curves were obtained with up to 60 cells in the BCl3 with O2 diffusion, the short circuit currents were approximately 15% lower than the anticipated 135 to 140 mA. Consequently, work on this diffusion process has been aimed solely at increasing the short circuit current. The diffusion temperature was lowered from 1055 to 1000 and 950 C, and at each of these temperatures variations in diffusion time were investigated. At 1000 C short circuit currents were approximately 10 mA higher, 130 rather than 120 mA average
Infrared Studies of the Onset of Conductivity in Ultra-Thin Pb Films
In this paper we report the first experimental measurement of the infrared
conductivity of ultra-thin quenched-condensed Pb films. For dc sheet
resistances such that the ac conductance increases with
frequency but is in disagreement with the predictions of weak localization. We
attribute this behavior to the effects of an inhomogeneous granular structure
of these films, which is manifested at the very small probing scale of infrared
measurements. Our data are consistent with predictions of two-dimensional
percolation theory.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Enhanced Gas-Flow-Induced Voltage in Graphene
We show by systemically experimental investigation that gas-flow-induced
voltage in monolayer graphene is more than twenty times of that in bulk
graphite. Examination over samples with sheet resistances ranging from 307 to
1600 {\Omega}/sq shows that the induced voltage increase with the resistance
and can be further improved by controlling the quality and doping level of
graphene. The induced voltage is nearly independent of the substrate materials
and can be well explained by the interplay of Bernoulli's principle and the
carrier density dependent Seebeck coefficient. The results demonstrate that
graphene has great potential for flow sensors and energy conversion devices
SPICE modelling of photoluminescence and electroluminescence based current-voltage curves of solar cells for concentration applications
Quantitative photoluminescence (PL) or electroluminescence (EL) experiments can be used to probe fast and in a non-destructive way the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of individual subcells in a multi-junction device, information that is, otherwise, not available. PL-based IV has the advantage that it is contactless and can be performed even in partly finished devices, allowing for an early diagnosis of the expected performance of the solar cells in the production environment. In this work we simulate the PL- and EL-based IV curves of single junction solar cells to assess their validity compared with the true IV curve and identify injection regimes where artefacts might appear due to the limited in-plane carrier transport in the solar cell layers. We model the whole photovoltaic device as a network of sub-circuits, each of them describing the solar cell behaviour using the two diode model. The sub-circuits are connected to the neighbouring ones with a resistor, representing the in-plane transport in the cell. The resulting circuit, involving several thousand subcircuits, is solved using SPICE
Inkjet printed paper based frequency selective surfaces and skin mounted RFID tags: the interrelation between silver nanoparticle ink, paper substrate and low temperature sintering technique
Inkjet printing of functional frequency selective surfaces (FSS) and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on commercial paper substrates using silver nanoparticle inks sintered using low temperature thermal, plasma and photonic techniques is reported. Printed and sintered FSS devices demonstrate performances which achieve wireless communication requirements having a forward transmission scattering parameter, S21, depth greater than ?20 dB at 13 GHz. Printed and plasma sintered RFID tags on transfer paper, which are capable of being mounted on skin, improved read distances compared to previously reported single layer transfer RFID tags fabricated by conventional thermal sintering
30 inch Roll-Based Production of High-Quality Graphene Films for Flexible Transparent Electrodes
We report that 30-inch scale multiple roll-to-roll transfer and wet chemical
doping considerably enhance the electrical properties of the graphene films
grown on roll-type Cu substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The resulting
graphene films shows a sheet resistance as low as ~30 Ohm/sq at ~90 %
transparency which is superior to commercial transparent electrodes such as
indium tin oxides (ITO). The monolayer of graphene shows sheet resistances as
low as ~125 Ohm/sq with 97.4% optical transmittance and half-integer quantum
Hall effect, indicating the high-quality of these graphene films. As a
practical application, we also fabricated a touch screen panel device based on
the graphene transparent electrodes, showing extraordinary mechanical and
electrical performances
Asymmetric Avalanches in the Condensate of a Zeeman-limited Superconductor
We report the non-equilibrium behavior of disordered superconducting Al films
in high Zeeman fields. We have measured the tunneling density of states of the
films through the first-order Zeeman critical field transition. We find that
films with sheet resistances of a few hundred ohms exhibit large avalanche-like
collapses of the condensate on the superheating branch of the critical field
hysteresis loop. In contrast, the transition back into the superconducting
phase (i.e., along the supercooling branch) is always continuous. The fact that
the condensate follows an unstable trajectory to the normal state suggests that
the order parameter in the hysteretic regime is not homogeneous.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PR
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