The prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in a clinic population

Purpose : This study aimed to measure the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium from patients pool attending the International Islamic University Malaysia Optometry Clinic (IIUM-OC). This study also aimed to study the differences of pterygium and pinguecula between sexes and ocular surface zones, and their relationship to tear break up time (TBUT) and ocular surface zones. The management of pterygium and pinguecula in IIUM-OC is also reviewed. Method : This is a clinical-record-based retrospective study which the data were retrieved from clinic record of patients that attended the IIUM-OC from January 2017 to September 2018. Pterygium and pinguecula cases were identified from the clinic records. Data retreived from the record includes sexes, affected ocular surface zones, TBUT, and the management given to the patients. Results : The total number of clinic records considered in this study were 1229. There were 30 patients diagnosed with pinguecula, and 48 patients with pterygium, giving rise to a prevalence of 2.4% and 3.9%, respectively. There were 21 cases reported in males, for pterygium and pinguecula, respectively. The prevalence of pterygium was significantly higher in female (chi-square test; p=0.02) while the prevalence of of pinguecula was significantly higher in male (chi-square test; p=0.02). The mean age of male patient diagnosed with pterygium was 54.24±11.89 years while female was 48.48±14.57 years. The mean age of male patient diagnosed with pinguecula was 44.24±13.80 years while female was 42.33±14.32 years. There was no association of TBUT with the ocular surface zones in eyes affected with pinguecula and pterygium. The most common management for patient with pinguecula and pterygium was by monitoring through series of follow up. Conclusion : Pterygium and pinguecula is prevalent among patients attended in IIUM-OC. The optometric management of pinguecula and pterygium should be improved for for a better patient care

Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and to investigate their associations in a general adult population in North-Western Spain. METHODS: An age-stratified random sample of 1155 subjects >/= 40 years was selected in O Salnes (Spain). From 937 eligible subjects, 619 (66.1%) participated (mean age (SD): 63.4 (14.5) years, range: 40-96 years, 37.0% males). An interview to collect history of systemic diseases and lifestyle details and a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in which pinguecula and pterygium were recorded was carried out. The prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and their relationship with lifestyle factors and ocular and systemic diseases was investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of pinguecula was 47.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.9-51.9). This prevalence increased significantly with aging (P = 0.002) and was higher in men (56.4%; 95% CI: 50.0-62.7) than in women (42.7%; 95% CI: 37.8-47.8) (P=0.001). The prevalence of pterygium was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.3-7.9). This prevalence also increased significantly with aging (P = 0.005) and was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.6-8.4) in men and 6.5% (95% CI: 4.5-9.3) in women (P = 0.346). After controlling for age and sex, pinguecula was associated with alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio (OR(a)): 3.08; 95% CI: 1.60-5.95), pterygium with fluorescein staining (OR(a): 2.64; 95% CI: 1.08-6.46) and both disorders with outer activity (OR(a): 2.07; 95% CI: 1.36-3.15 and 2.28; 95% CI: 1.04-4.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pinguecula is far more common than pterygium. Alcohol consumption is strongly associated with pinguecula. Fluorescein staining is highly prevalent in subjects with pterygium. Both disorders increase with age and are associated with outer activity

A case-control study of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in Uganda

HIV increases the risk of OSSN. Here we investigate other factors in a case-control study from Uganda with 318 cases (48 CIN I, 66 CIN II, 81 CIN III and 123 with invasive disease) and 762 controls. Initial analyses were stratified by HIV serostatus (204 cases and 202 controls were HIV seropositive), but since findings were similar in infected and uninfected people, the combined results are presented here. The risk of OSSN increased with increasing time spent in direct sunlight (p(trend) = 0.003, adjusted for age, sex, residential district and HIV serostatus): compared to those who reported spending up to 1 hr a day in direct sunlight, the risk was 1.7 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2-2.4) in those reporting 2-4-hr exposure and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.1) in those reporting 5+ hr. The risk was also increased among people reporting a previous injury to the affected eye (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.5). Pinguecula in the nasal quadrant of the unaffected eye were evident on clinical examination for 98% of cases (293/300) and for 91% of the same quadrant in the right eye (246/271) of controls (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 2.5-16.1). We confirm associations with exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and with the presence of pinguecula and report a role for previous ocular trauma in the aetiology of OSSN. We did not identify any additional factors that point to an underlying infectious cause, although this is an area of on-going research

Transcriptome analysis of pterygium and pinguecula reveals evidence of genomic instability associated with chronic inflammation

Solar damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is implicated in the development of two proliferative lesions of the ocular surface: pterygium and pinguecula. Pterygium and pinguecula specimens were collected, along with adjacent healthy conjunctiva specimens. RNA was extracted and sequenced. Pairwise comparisons were made of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Computational methods were used for analysis. Transcripts from 18,630 genes were identified. Comparison of two subgroups of pterygium specimens uncovered evidence of genomic instability associated with inflammation and the immune response; these changes were also observed in pinguecula, but to a lesser extent. Among the top DEGs were four genes encoding tumor suppressors that were downregulated in pterygium: C10orf90, RARRES1, DMBT1 and SCGB3A1; C10orf90 and RARRES1 were also downregulated in pinguecula. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis overwhelmingly linked DEGs to cancer for both lesions; however, both lesions are clearly still benign, as evidenced by the expression of other genes indicating their well‐differentiated and non‐invasive character. Pathways for epithelial cell proliferation were identified that distinguish the two lesions, as well as genes encoding specific pathway components. Upregulated DEGs common to both lesions, including KRT9 and TRPV3, provide a further insight into pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that pterygium and pinguecula, while benign lesions, are both on the pathological pathway towards neoplastic trans-formation.Fil: Suarez, María Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Tufts University School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Echenique, Jose Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Juan Manuel. Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Esteban Roberto. Instituto de Microcirugia Ocular Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Irós, Mariano. Instituto de Microcirugia Ocular Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Fini, M. Elizabeth. Tufts Graduate School Of Biomedical Sciences, Boston; Estados Unido

Vision screening results in a cohort of bhopal gas disaster survivors

Eye-related symptoms were prominent at the time of and soon after the 1984 Union Carbide gas disaster in Bhopal, India. We conducted a vision screening on the survivors to examine their current ocular status. Fifty-nine patients enrolled. We analysed the results from 48 patients (mean age 51 12 years) who had a documented history of gas exposure. The commonly reported symptoms were vision difficulties (n = 30), watering (n = 21) and headaches (n = 16). Thirty patients needed spectacles, 30 had cataracts and 17 had pinguecula. We found the prevalence of pinguecula to be significantly higher in this cohort. The need for vision care among this underserved population is highlighted

Ocular surface ophthalmoheliosis in a region of Patagonia

The aim of this mini review is to describe the prevalence of Environmental Proteinaceous Corneal Degeneration (EPCD), pinguecula and pterygium and the association among them. We performed a transversal/observational study in individuals living all their lives in the El Cuy Department, province of Río Negro in the Argentinean Patagonia. The patients investigated were consecutive non-probabilistic. The prevalence of ophthalmoheliosis was 34% of pinguecula, followed by 30% of EPCD and 12% of pterygium. A statistically significant association was found between EPCD and male patients (p Fil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Ocular surface degenerative diseases studies in an isolated region of Argentine Patagonia

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Environmental proteinaceous corneal degeneration (EPCD), pinguecula andpterygium and any association among them, and to perform lipidomic studies in some samples of EPCD and pterygium.Materials and methods: It was a transversal/observational and analytical study; the sample was consecutive non-probabilistic. All patients examine dresided all their lives in the department El Cuy (Río Negro). Corneal epithelium and conjunctiva tissue samples were taken to perform massspectrometric lipidomic studies.Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were studied (52.83% male and 47.17% female). The prevalence of ophthalmoheliosis was: pinguecula32.1%, EPCD 28.9%, and pterygium 13.2%. A statistically significant association was found between EPCD and male patients (21.4% vs 7.5%)(p <0.05). There was association between EPCD with pinguecula and with pterygium, both more frequent in males (p <0.05). Lipidomic studiesin EPCD showed a decrease in the concentration of phospholipids in affected areas (15 times less). In pterygium, there was an increase in theconcentration of phospholipids (6.67 times more).Conclusion: Our investigation shows important prevalence of EPCD, pinguecula and pterygium in individuals that live at El Cuy (ArgentinePatagonia). As far as we know, this is the first work in the world that shows coexistences between these three ophthalmoheliosis. The decreaseconcentration of phospholipids in EPCD affected areas could be due to lipid peroxidation, as a consequence of oxidative stress. On the other hand,higher levels of PC and PS in pterygium samples could be explained by the increase in proliferation and angiogenesis.Fil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Crim, Nicolás. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Dto de Oftalmologia; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Leandro. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Dto de Oftalmologia; ArgentinaFil: Maccio, Juan Pablo. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Dto de Oftalmologia; ArgentinaFil: Knoll, Erna G.. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Dto de Oftalmologia; ArgentinaFil: Piqueras, Carmen. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Bhattacharya, S. K.. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Analysis of Ophthalmic Examination Results of 7364 Cases in Kunming Regional Health Management Center

Objective To understand the distribution of eye diseases in the tested population, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. Methods A total of 7, 364 patients in the Health Management Center from June 2022 to September 2022 underwent eye examination, and the statistical analysis of their eye examination results was conducted by retrospective analysis. Results Of the 7, 364 patients, 6, 202 cases(84. 22%) had a history of eye disease or eye surgery, and the top five eye diseases were refractive error(75. 35%), cataract(18. 06%), pterygium(4. 09%), pinguecula(3. 57%), fundus tigre(2. 70%). Conclusion In the tested population, the prevalence of refractive error was the highest, followed by cataract, pterygium and so on in men Blebral spot, ptosis. More cataracts and fundus arteriosclerosis, and more women suffer from corneal diseases and trichiasis. There is no obvious difference between men and women, and middle-aged and elderly people have a higher probability of cataract and fundus diseases

Optometric management of the pterygium

Optometric management of the pterygiu