Neonatal behavior as biologically motivated behavior

Objetivos: Discutir la posibilidad de que el comportamiento neonatal puede ser entendido como un comportamiento biológicamente motivado. Hipótesis: los recién nacidos humanos presentan un repertorio de conducta que corresponde a la evolución filogenética y a la adaptación de la especie humana a las circunstancias ambientales. Método: El repertorio del comportamiento del recién nacido humano se discute en base de la evaluación neuroconductual de los bebés en los primeros momentos de la vida extra-uterina, es decir, la escala de Brazelton (Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Neonatal) por T. Berry Brazelton. Esta descripción se articula con varios aspectos de la experiencia humana: a) adecuación a la supervivencia después del nacimiento; b) la secuencia de comportamiento prenatal a un comportamiento postnatal, c) la similitud entre el sueño prenatal / estados despierto y dormir postnatal / estados despierto y d) la competencia del comportamiento postnatal como resultado de la formación prenatal (el rendimiento de comportamiento prenatal como un ejercicio hacia la mejora de la el rendimiento de comportamiento posnatal). Conclusión: La articulación anteriormente descrita se utiliza para iluminar a las futuras investigaciones en los campos de la conducta y el comportamiento neonatal prenatal. También se utilizará para profundizar las posibilidades de las intervenciones psicológicas basadas en las presentaciones que se ofrecen a las madres, padres o familias hora de evaluar el comportamiento de los recién nacidos (manifestaciones Brazelton).Objectives: To discuss the possibility that neonatal behavior can be understood as biologically motivated behavior. Hypothesis: Human newborns present a behavioral repertoire which corresponds to the phylogenetic evolution and adaptation of the human species to environmental circumstances. Method: The behavioral repertoire of the human newborn is discussed at the light of the neurobehavioral evaluation of babies at the first moments of extra-uterine life, namely the NBAS (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale) by T. Berry Brazelton. This description is articulated with several aspects of human experience: a) adequacy for survival after birth; b) sequence from prenatal behavior to postnatal behavior, c) similarity between prenatal sleep/awake states and postnatal sleep/awake states and d) postnatal behavioral competence as a result of prenatal training (the performance of prenatal behavior as an exercise towards the enhancement of postnatal behavioral performance). Conclusion: The articulation above described will be used to enlighten future research in the fields of neonatal behavior and prenatal behavior. It will also be used to deepen possibilities of psychological interventions based at presentations offered to mothers, fathers or families when assessing newborns’ behavior (Brazelton demonstrations).peerReviewe

Averaging of Nonlinearity Management with Dissipation

Motivated by recent experiments in optics and atomic physics, we derive an averaged nonlinear partial differential equation describing the dynamics of the complex field in a nonlinear Schroedinger model in the presence of a periodic nonlinearity and a periodically-varying dissipation coefficient. The incorporation of dissipation is motivated by experimental considerations. We test the numerical behavior of the derived averaged equation by comparing it to the original nonautonomous model in a prototypical case scenario and observe good agreement between the two

Explosive Collisions at RHIC?

Motivated by experimental results from RHIC, we suggest how a condensate for the Polyakov loop might produce explosive behavior at the QCD phase transition. This is due to a rapid rollover of the condensate field below the transition temperature

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Motivated by recent experiments, we have studied transport behavior of coupled quantum dot systems in the Coulomb blockade regime using the master (rate) equation approach. We explore how electron-electron interactions in a donor-acceptor system, resembling weakly coupled quantum dots with varying charging energy, can modify the systems response to an external bias, taking it from normal Coulomb blockade behavior to negative differential resistance (NDR) in the curent-voltage characteristics

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This article introduces a theoretical model of projects in motivated behavior. It begins with the discussion of two theoretical traditions that conceived a project as either an anticipation of action or a set of actions aimed at the same goals. The limitations of both traditions are discussed, and a project is then conceived as an integration of internal processes and actions. Next, a theoretical model of projects is presented, comprising cognitive, motivational, volitional, emotional, and behavioral components. A framework interrelating the different components of the model is presented. Considering the framework introduced, a project is then defined as a process comprising the formation, enactment, and maintenance of intentional structures and actions. The definition is comprehensive because it integrates both the previous theoretical traditions of the project in order to overcome the limitations of both. The applications of the new approach in existential theories and management sciences are discussed

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A research effort to develop a sophisticated computer model of human behavior is described. A computer framework of motivated cognition was developed. Motivated cognition focuses on the motivations or affects that provide the context and drive in human cognition and decision making. A conceptual architecture of the human decision-making approach from the perspective of information processing in the human brain is developed in diagrammatic form. A preliminary version of such a diagram is presented. This architecture is then used as a vehicle for successfully constructing a computer program simulation Dweck and Leggett's findings that relate how an individual's implicit theories orient them toward particular goals, with resultant cognitions, affects, and behavior

Color in context: psychological context moderates the influence of red on approach- and avoidance-motivated behavior.

A basic premise of the recently proffered color-in-context model is that the influence of color on psychological functioning varies as a function of the psychological context in which color is perceived. Some research has examined the appetitive and aversive implications of viewing the color red in romance- and achievement-relevant contexts, respectively, but in all existing empirical work approach and avoidance behavior has been studied in separate tasks and separate experiments. Research is needed to directly test whether red influences the same behavior differently depending entirely on psychological context. The present experiment was designed to put this premise to direct test in romance- and achievement-relevant contexts within the same experimental paradigm involving walking behavior. Our results revealed that exposure to red (but not blue) indeed has differential implications for walking behavior as a function of the context in which the color is perceived. Red increased the speed with which participants walked to an ostensible interview about dating (a romance-relevant context), but decreased the speed with which they walked to an ostensible interview about intelligence (an achievement-relevant context). These results are the first direct evidence that the influence of red on psychological functioning in humans varies by psychological context. Our findings contribute to both the literature on color psychology and the broader, emerging literature on the influence of context on basic psychological processes