The iron and steel industry in Zimbabwe and regional cooperation in the SADCC context

This paper looks at the Zimbabwean iron and steel industry with the aim of answering the following questions: • Why the economy is highly dependent on impor ted steel when there is a large iron and steel plant; • Why the iron and steel industry in Zimbabwe is an export enclave industry; • Why there has been little or no progress in the development of a capital goods sector in Zimbabwe despite the existence of an iron and steel industry since 1948. The paper aims at coming up with policy prescriptions as to how the iron and steel industry can best be utilised to benefit the Zimbabwe an economy more. The paper is ma de up of a literature review of how the iron and steel industry can affect the economic growth of other sectors, a historical review of the development of the Zimbabwean iron and steel industry, a look at the current availability of the raw materials used in the product ion of iron and steel products, a brief discussion on production, shipment and trade in iron and steel, and the role played by Government, and finally a summary and conclusion

A multi-output analysis of the iron and steel industry

Bibliography: p.15

The Belgian Iron and Steel Industry in the International Context

This paper provides a survey of the main developments in the iron and steel industry over the last few decades. The first chapter covers the changing conditions on international markets and identifies the main challenges facing the companies in this sector. These include the boom in China, the increasing prices of steel and raw materials, the wave of mergers and acquisitions as well as the implementation of environmental regulations, in particular the Kyoto Protocol. Against the backdrop of the worsening global economic crisis, market conditions for steel are also set to change markedly, at least in the medium term. The second chapter provides an assessment of the Belgian iron and steel sector's economic impact, in terms of direct value added, employment and investment. The chapter also includes an evaluation of the indirect effects of the sector, both upstream and downstreambranch survey, iron and steel industry, market structure, indirect effects

Iron and Steel Industry in India

In this short review, it, is not proposed to discuss the production of iron and steel in ancient India-- the subject has been Well covered in many excellent papers such as by Mr. S. K. Nanavati in his Presid- ential address before the Annual General Meeting of the Indian Institute of Metals (1958). In different hills and jungles, the Adibas,is are still extract- ing iron in a very crude form. However, with the establishmentof iron and steel industry along modern lines,the decline of such village industry has been very rapid. The general pattern of iron and steel industry in India has undergone considerable changes under the planning and development that have taken place during the Second Five year Plan. By the comp- letion of the Second Five Year Plan, the ingot steel capacity is expected to increase to six million tons per annum and this is likely to be stepped up to six- teen million tons per anumn by the end of the Third Five Year Plan. It is well known that India posse- sses immense reserves of high grade iron ores (more than twenty thousand million tons. Although India possesses huge reserves of coal estimated at about forty thousand million tons down to a depth of two thousand feet, only a small fraction of it -hardly about fifteen hundred million tons can be classed as good metallurgical coal from which coke for blast furnace high grade can be produced. A concentrated drive for the conservation of metallurgical coal is therefore all imperious necessity. The use of good coking coals in railway locomotives, steam-raising boilers, etc.,is wasteful and must he urgently checked. New locomotives are therefore being designed to operate on lower grades of coals. Electrification of the rail- ways is being contemplated which should further reduce the demand for metallurgical coal. It is expected that as a result of changes in the design of locomotive boilers, the railways which use about 4.7 million tons of coking coal annually, will use progressively more non-coking coals releasing large tonnages of coking coal for metallurgical use. The recent policy of export of high grade metallurgical coal has also to be rationally examined

Strategy for Growing the Business of Representative Office Company in Iron and Steel Industry

Iron and steel industry is among the essential strategic groups of the national industry since iron and steel products are not only raw materials for metal-based manufacture industries but also as pillars of development in infrastructure. The development of the iron and steel industry requires comprehensive handling; in the mastering of processing technology and the resources added value. The iron and steel industry is the “Backbone” in supporting the development of the national economy. Therefore, the Government’s role becomes crucial in developing the national iron and steel industry. Initially, the Indonesian steel industry was the largest in ASEAN, however over time, the position of Indonesian declines and no longer the largest. DAN is one of the three top manufacturers of plants and machines for the steel-making industry in the world. The unavailability of adequate government protection to domestic producers made imported steel products streamed heavily in all upstream and downstream sectors. This situation made the steel producer cannot grow and become stagnant in income; it cannot compete in costs; therefore, cannot invest and innovate effectively. The unavailability of the significant investment made DAN business in Indonesia become tough to grow. The purpose of the research is to develop a business strategy for DAN representative office to grow its business in Indonesia and choose a value proposition to the Indonesian market. To achieve the research objective, data collection in the method of interviews into Indonesia iron and steel industry stakeholders, along with a direct survey questionnaire into the experts to understanding industry situation and stakeholders' perspective of DAN overall performance. The various analysis framework, named PESTEL, Five Forces Porter, SWOT, were utilized to understand Indonesia iron and steel market, and company internal advantages and disadvantages in responding to it. The result of strategies is implemented with sequences: costing evaluation, financing support, human resources, partnership development, and investment

Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry: status quo, challenges and perspectives

Integrated analysis and optimization of material and energy flows in the iron and steel industry have drawn considerable interest from steelmakers, energy engineers, policymakers, financial firms, and academic researchers. Numerous publications in this area have identified their great potential to bring significant benefits and innovation. Although much technical work has been done to analyze and optimize material and energy flows, there is a lack of overview of material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry. To fill this gap, this work first provides an overview of different steel production routes. Next, the modelling, scheduling and interrelation regarding material and energy flows in the iron and steel industry are presented by thoroughly reviewing the existing literature. This study selects eighty publications on the material and energy flows of steelworks, from which a map of the potential of integrating material and energy flows for iron and steel sites is constructed. The paper discusses the challenges to be overcome and the future directions of material and energy flow research in the iron and steel industry, including the fundamental understandings of flow mechanisms, the dynamic material and energy flow scheduling and optimization, the synergy between material and energy flows, flexible production processes and flexible energy systems, smart steel manufacturing and smart energy systems, and revolutionary steelmaking routes and technologies

Technical Efficiency in the Iron and Steel Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

In this paper we examine the technical efficiency of firms in the iron and steel industry and try to identify the factors contributing to the industry's efficiency growth, using a time-varying stochastic frontier model. Based on our findings, which pertain to 52 iron and steel firms over the period of 1978-1997, POSCO and Nippon Steel were the most efficient firms, with their production, on average, exceeding 95 percent of their potential output. Our findings also shed light on possible sources of efficiency growth in the industry. If a firm is government-owned, its privatization is likely to improve its technical efficiency to a great extent. A firm's technical efficiency also tends to be positively related to its production level as measured by a share of the total world production of crude steel. Another important source of efficiency growth identified by our empirical findings is adoption of new technologies and equipment. Our findings clearly indicate that continued efforts to update technologies and equipment are critical in pursuit of efficiency in the iron and steel industry.

The Iron and Steel Industry in Asia: Development and Restructuring

The paper examines the development and restructuring of the iron and steel industry in Asian countries. Studying countries that have integrated steelworks with large blast furnaces (South Korea, Taiwan, China and India) and countries without (Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia), the paper shows the difference in the development processes across the countries and across time, and points to the diversity of the development experience of these countries. The paper argues that significant differences in steel production technologies in terms of initial investment and minimum-efficient scale, the changing role of the state, and shifting demand structures in the domestic steel markets of each country have been the important factors that led to the differences in the development path of the steel industry in each country.Steel, Industrial Development, Asia, Iron

Combined processes in iron and steel industry

A presentation showing that combined metallurgical processes are one of the main trends in market conditions to ensure high-quality products and high production efficiency. Analysis of combined metallurgical processes on steel casting – production of rolled and cold-rolled sheet products is provided. As an example, a cold rolled sheet production shows a possible scheme of metallurgical enterprises of the future

Impact of Environmental Constraints in the Steel Industry

Based on Japanese data, the environmental management problem in the iron and steel industry has been investigated from various points of view. Some qualitative characteristics of the pollution problems in this industry are overviewed and classified by comparing them with pollution problems in other industries. To make the quantitative investigation of pollution phenomena in the iron and steel industry, a model plant is introduced with modern pollution control devices. To prevent the shortage of natural resources and to soften the environmental constraints in the future, the need for recycling systems for the wasted iron and steel is emphasized from the total system's point of view