Early Spring Surface Runoff from Grassland and Arable Land

Surface runoff is regarded as an undesirable phenomenon because it deprives plants and soil of precipitation water and reduces its penetration underground. It is also the cause erosion and flooding. The occurrence and depth of a frozen soil layer is the main factor which determines the amount of surface runoff in winter. A well-developed surface and/or sub-surface layer of frozen soil is practically impenetrable for water. This layer results from ice-forming processes, which are influenced by snow melting due to diurnal fluctuations in temperature in early spring, partial thaws, winter rainfalls, and thermocapillary processes taking place in frozen soil

Seasonally Frozen Soil Effects on the Seismic Performance of Highway Bridges

INE/AUTC 12.0

Frozen Soil Lateral Resistance for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridge Foundations

INE/AUTC 12.3

Parallel Splitting and Decomposition Method for Computations of Heat Distribution in Permafrost

A mathematical model, numerical algorithm and program code for simulation and long-term forecasting of changes in permafrost as a result of operation of a multiple well pad of northern oil and gas field are presented. In the model the most significant climatic and physical factors are taken into account such as solar radiation, determined by specific geographical location, heterogeneous structure of frozen soil, thermal stabilization of soil, possible insulation of the objects, seasonal fluctuations in air temperature, and freezing and thawing of the upper soil layer. A parallel algorithm of decomposition with splitting by spatial variables is presented

On the Erosion Control Caused by Frost Heaving for Hillside works : About the Properties of frozen soil influence of damaging frost actions

This paper is the observation on the relation between depth of frozen soil freezing and accumulative temperature, permeability, compressive strength of frozen soil. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Depth of frozen soil in southern shinshu. (1) Without influence of snow, depth of frozen soil (H) was proportion to a square root of accumulative temperature (U), and obtained following practical expression.〓 Here, U was the total of the mean temperature by the near weather station. (2) Generlly speaking, depth of frozen soil in the sunshine was a half of that in the shade. 2. Permeability of frozen soil. (1) Permeability of frozen soil was influenced by soil moisture content before freezing and its type was peculiar.〓 K: Coefficient of permeablity of unfrozen soil 3. Compressive strength of frozen soil. (1) Compressive strength of frozen soil was affected by nature of soils, and showed the highest strength when it was the largest density. In the case of soil variables, generally, increased with the effective soil texture, however, influence of strength of soil itself before freezing was very little. (2) Compressive strength of frozen soil was largely than one of ice itself on same degree and the ratio of the compressive strength was shown by function of the soil moisture content. (3) Compressive strength of frozen soil was not affect of accumulative temperature but increased with in proportion the lowest degree of temperature.Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 6: 79-98(1969)departmental bulletin pape

Potential for Abrupt Changes in Atmospheric Methane

Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas that humans directly influence, carbon dioxide (CO2) being first. Concerns about methane’s role in abrupt climate change stem primarily from (1) the large quantities of methane stored as solid methane hydrate on the sea floor and to a lesser degree in terrestrial sediments, and the possibility that these reservoirs could become unstable in the face of future global warming, and (2) the possibility of large-scale conversion of frozen soil in the high- latitude Northern Hemisphere to methane producing wetland, due to accelerated warming at high latitudes. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge about these reservoirs and their potential for forcing abrupt climate change

Laboratory studies of gas permeability of frozen soil

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2003A preliminary investigation on the gas permeability of frozen soil was conducted in this study. A unique low-temperature permeability testing system was designed and developed. Widely accepted standard procedures were followed to prepare soil samples. A number of experiments were conducted in a cold chamber with controlled temperature. The impact of several parameters upon the gas permeability of frozen soil was investigated. The experiment results indicated that among the parameters examined, moisture content had the most significant impact on the gas permeability of frozen soil and the effect of temperature was less significant than that of moisture content. It was also found that there seemed to be a transition zone around 10% of moisture content. With moisture content above this level, the permeability was less sensitive to temperature change, while below this level the permeability was more sensitive to temperature change. Another finding was that the permeability increased when the temperature fell below 20ʻF. In addition, applying loads decreased permeability by 10% to 30% dependent on the setting of other parameters. Some suggestions for improvement of the experiments and future research works were also presented

GeoTechnical Investigations for the Dalton Highway Innovation Project As A Case Study of the Ice-Rich Syngenetic Permafrost

INE/AUTC 11.1