Breast cancer screening practices among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the Midwest

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women currently have some of the highest mortality rates from breast cancer for any racial/ethnic group in the United States and some of the lowest screening rates. However, current data are not available for regional differences in screening, which can result in dramatically different stage at diagnosis and mortality. We conducted surveys with 120 focus group participants in a needs assessment of mammography among AI/AN in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area and parts of Northeast Kansas. We found that among women under age 40, for whom recommended screenings include only annual clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, more women reported breast self-examination than clinical breast examination (85.3% versus 55.0% in the past year). Among women age 40 and older, more women reported breast self-examination (80.0% in the past year) than either clinical breast examination or mammography (50.8% and 46.9%, respectively, in the past year). These low rates of breast cancer screening are consistent with low rates reported around the country among AI/AN and have strong implications for stage at diagnosis and prognosis for AI/AN breast cancer patients

Breast cancer screening practices among Afghan women visiting Istiqlal and Jumhuriat hospitals in Kabul city, Afghanistan

Background:The Incidence of breast cancer is rising in developed and developing countries. Early detection, screening, awareness of early signs, and symptoms are critical to improve breast cancer by seeking diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to examine practices regarding breast cancer among Afghan women, visiting Istiqlal and Jumhuriat hospitals in Kabul city.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 410 Afghan women aged 18 years and above who visited Istiqlal and Jumhuriat national hospitals in Kabul city, Afghanistan. The data was collected using self-administrative methods and face to face interviews from February to March 2020. A standard questionnaire was used for the study and it was translated from the English language to Pashto and Dari languages. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.Results: The majority of Afghan women who participated in this study had weak screening practices of breast cancer. Only 27.6% of participants were practicing breast self-examination, 14.9% of them practiced clinical breast examination during the past one year and 13.9% of them performed mammograms in the past 2 years. The commonest reason for not practicing breast self-examination was that they have never taught how to perform breast self-examination. The reason for not performing clinical breast examination was that they were shy to go for clinical breast examination and the other common reason was that the clinics were far from them. The education level had a significant association with their practices of breast self-examination (p=0.001) and clinical breast examination (p=0.031).Conclusions: Overall the findings of this study indicate that Afghan women who participated in this study had weak practices of breast cancer screening. It is important to increase future screening programs and improve the awareness level about screening methods of breast cancer among Afghan women through appropriate health education campaignsBackground:The Incidence of breast cancer is rising in developed and developing countries. Early detection, screening, awareness of early signs, and symptoms are critical to improve breast cancer by seeking diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to examine practices regarding breast cancer among Afghan women, visiting Istiqlal and Jumhuriat hospitals in Kabul city.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 410 Afghan women aged 18 years and above who visited Istiqlal and Jumhuriat national hospitals in Kabul city, Afghanistan. The data was collected using self-administrative methods and face to face interviews from February to March 2020. A standard questionnaire was used for the study and it was translated from the English language to Pashto and Dari languages. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.Results: The majority of Afghan women who participated in this study had weak screening practices of breast cancer. Only 27.6% of participants were practicing breast self-examination, 14.9% of them practiced clinical breast examination during the past one year and 13.9% of them performed mammograms in the past 2 years. The commonest reason for not practicing breast self-examination was that they have never taught how to perform breast self-examination. The reason for not performing clinical breast examination was that they were shy to go for clinical breast examination and the other common reason was that the clinics were far from them. The education level had a significant association with their practices of breast self-examination (p=0.001) and clinical breast examination (p=0.031).Conclusions: Overall the findings of this study indicate that Afghan women who participated in this study had weak practices of breast cancer screening. It is important to increase future screening programs and improve the awareness level about screening methods of breast cancer among Afghan women through appropriate health education campaign

Practice Of Antenatal Clinical Breast Examination In Calabar

Reports of a rising incidence of breast cancer and the consistent finding of a significantly younger population of breast cancer patients in the country than in the west led to this study to determine the proportion of women who have a clinical breast examination at the booking visit for antenatal care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH).The booking information on the antenatal cards of patients who registered within a one-month period was examined. Clinical breast examination (CBE) was performed on 41.6% of the women. Women who were reviewed by consultants recorded a rate of 78.2% while the rates for women attended to by resident doctors and interns were 41.2% and 19.6% respectively (P=0.00). The CBE rate was 57.6% among women who were reviewed by female physicians and 38.3% among those reviewed by male physicians (P = 0.00). The practice of CBE in UCTH is low and is significantly related to the cadre and gender of the attending physician. Obstetricians must embrace the practice fully and utilize measures such as increased supervision and departmental seminars to sensitize doctors they train to emulate them. KEYWORDS: Antenatal, Practice and Breast Examinatio

Specificity of Clinical Breast Examination in Community Practice

BACKGROUND: Millions of women receive clinical breast examination (CBE) each year, as either a breast cancer screening test or a diagnostic test for breast symptoms. While screening CBE had moderately high specificity (∼94%) in clinical trials, community clinicians may be comparatively inexperienced and may conduct relatively brief examinations, resulting in even higher specificity but lower sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the specificity of screening and diagnostic CBE in clinical practice and identify patient factors associated with specificity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Breast-cancer-free female health plan enrollees in 5 states (WA, OR, CA, MA, and MN) who received CBE (N = 1,484). MEASUREMENTS: Medical charts were abstracted to ascertain breast cancer risk factors, examination purpose (screening vs diagnostic), and results (true-negative vs false-positive). Women were considered “average-risk” if they had neither a family history of breast cancer nor a prior breast biopsy and “increased-risk” otherwise. RESULTS: Among average- and increased-risk women, respectively, the specificity (true-negative proportion) of screening CBE was 99.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 98.8–99.7%] and 97.1% (95% CI: 95.7–98.0%), and the specificity of diagnostic CBE was 68.7% (95% CI: 59.7–76.5%) and 57.1% (95% CI: 51.1–63.0%). The odds of a true-negative screening CBE (specificity) were significantly lower among women at increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Screening CBE likely has higher specificity among community clinicians compared to examiners in clinical trials of breast cancer screening, even among women at increased breast cancer risk. Highly specific examinations, however, may have relatively low sensitivity for breast cancer. Diagnostic CBE, meanwhile, is relatively nonspecific

Predictors of clinical breast examination among South Asian immigrant women

To determine predictors of clinical breast examination (CBE) among South Asian immigrant women residing in Toronto, Canada. A cross-sectional self-administered survey with women patients visiting family physician group practices. Fifty-four women participated in the study (response rate 77%). Twenty women (38.5%) “ever had” CBE. Compared to women who never had CBE, women who had CBE were statistically older, had lived more years in Canada, had better knowledge of breast cancer, had lower perceived barriers to CBE, and were more likely to have ever had a periodic health exam. No significant differences were found between the two groups for education, employment, English language abilities, perceived health, and perceived benefits of CBE. A direct logistic regression with five predictor variables, significant at a univariate level, was statistically reliable, X2 (5, n=51) = 34.7, p < 0.001 and explained 67% of the variance in the CBE status. Age and perceived barriers to CBE remained significant over and above other predictor variables. The odds of 'ever had' CBE increased with age and decreased with more perceived barriers. The study highlights the need for education interventions on breast cancer and screening among SA recent immigrant women.The study results are based on preliminary data collected for a health promotion project funded by the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation. We acknowledge contributions by Jill Cameron and Ilene Hyman who were members of the research team. Also, we thank Ms. Reena Vanza and Amena Syed for their assistance in the data collection

DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA KLINIS (SADANIS) DI KELURAHAN BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG

Jumlah wanita usia subur yang terdapat benjolan pada pemeriksaan Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) di kota semarang memiliki kasus tertiggi dibandingkan dengan kota dan kabupaten di Jawa Tengan yaitu sebesar 24,9%. Sedangkan penderita kanker terbanyak adalah kanker payudara dengan jumlah penderita kanker payudara di provinsi Jawa Tengah sebesar 11.511 orang. Salah satu pencegahan kanker payudara dengan pemeriksaan payudara klinis (SADANIS) atau Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) dan Periksa Payudara sendiri (SADARI). Jumlah wanita usia subur yang melakukan pemeriksaan untuk deteksi dini kanker payudara di tahun 2018 dilaporkan sebanyak 94.509 wanita usia subur atau 1,92% dari perempuan usia 30-50 tahun. Kegagalan penemuan secara dini kanker payudara dapat terjadi dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan atau informasi yang diperoleh masyarakat. Tujuan Pengabdian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi dini kanker payudara dengan melakukan pemeriksaan payudara klinis atau SADANIS. Metode pengabdian ini adalah dengan metode diskriptif yaitu menggambarkan tentang proses pemeriksaan payudara dengan jumlah responden 32 orang. Hasil dari pengabdian ini bahwa semua responden tidak memiliki tanda-tanda yang menuju ke kanker payudara. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan masyarakat terutama wanita usia subur mempunyai kesadaran untuk memeriksa payudaranya sendiri

Are breast self-exams or clinical exams effective for screening breast cancer?

Breast self-examination has little or no impact on breast cancer mortality and cannot be recommended for cancer screening (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a systematic review of high-quality randomized, controlled trials [RCTs]). Clinical breast examination is an important means of averting some deaths from breast cancer, but demands careful attention to technique and thoroughness (SOR: B, extrapolating from a high-quality RCT)

Awareness of Breast Cancer and Its Early Detection Measures Among Female Students, Northern Ethiopia

Globally breast cancer is the most common of all cancers. Since risk reduction strategies cannot eliminate the majority of breast cancers, early detection remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. This paper, therefore, attempts to assess the awareness of breast cancer and its early detection measures among female students in Mekelle University, Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected female students. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. In this study, 760 students participated making a response rate of 96 percent. Respondents with good knowledge score for risk factors, early detections measures and warning signs of breast cancer were 1.4 percent, 3.6 percent and 22.1 percent respectively. The majority 477 (62.8 percent) of participants practiced self-breast examination. In conclusion the participants had poor knowledge of risk factors, early detection measures and early warning signs of breast cancer.Therefore, the Ministry of health of Ethiopia together with its stalk holders should strengthen providing IEC targeting women to increase their awareness about breast cancer and its early detection measure

Role of Triple Test in Evaluating Breast Lumps

Breast tissue undergoes constant physiological changes in a woman’s life because of influence of endocrine hormones during and after reproductive life. These changes may present as pain, lumpiness or both in the breast. Breast lumps are feared for cancer. Thus, it is important for women with a breast lump to receive appropriate evaluation. Clinical breast examination is first step in evaluation of breast lump. The diagnostic sensitivity of clinical breast examination is high (98%) whereas its specificity is low, averaging 48%. Ultrasound is preferred in evaluation of radiologically dense breasts and in the study of breasts with augmentation mammoplasties. Micro-calcifications on mammography are considered to be important signs of breast cancer. X-ray mammography detects microcalcifications in 30–50% of breast cancers. FNAC is a cheap, cost effective and readily available routine diagnostic with a sensitivity ranging between 89% to 98% and specificity between 98% to 100% for palpable breast lumps. When combined together triple test achieves a higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy than any of the investigations taken alone. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate breast masses by clinical assessment, imaging and pathological examination. Results were compared with histopathology. We concluded that triple assessment in breast lumps gives superior results than any of its modalities taken alone

Breast Cancer Screening Practices and Associated Factors among Chinese-Australian Women Living in Sydney

In Australia, early detection plays a leading role in reducing mortality from breast cancer. Little is known about how Chinese-Australian women engage in breast cancer screenings. This study aimed to investigate breast cancer screening practices and the associated factors amongst Chinese-Australian women. A cross-sectional quantitative method including convenient and snowball sampling was used to recruit 115 Chinese-Australian women living in Sydney (aged 35 years and older). The data was collected by self-administered questionnaires between July and September 2016. The results showed that the majority of participants performed breast self-examinations (78.1%), clinical breast examinations (69.8%) and mammograms (73.3%). Educational level was positively associated with having a breast self-examination. Age, religion, employment status and length of residence were significantly associated with performing a clinical breast examination. Income was related to having a mammogram. Significant associations between knowledge of breast cancer, cancer-related beliefs, and screening participation were also found. The length of residence was the strongest predictor of having a clinical breast examination and mammogram. The most common barrier to mammography screening was that doctors did not recommend it to participants. These findings can be used to develop tailored programs to promote the early detection of breast cancer among Chinese–Australian women