La concepción de ciudadanía del Tratado de Lisboa en referencia al ideal cosmopolita

El Tratado de Lisboa proporcionará el nuevo marco institucional a la Unión Europea. El presente artículo pretende esbozar qué papel corresponde a la ciudadanía dentro de ese nuevo marco tomando como referencia el ideal de la ciudadanía cosmopolita. El análisis propuesto se basará en tres cuestiones que se interrogarán acerca de: 1) Quién se considera ciudadano de la Unión Europea; 2) Cómo se podría haber fomentado la participación ciudadana en el proceso de construcción política europeo; y 3) Si la reforma institucional realizada por el Tratado de Lisboa significará, como se prometía, una Europa más democrática.The Lisbon Treaty will provide a new institutional framework for the European Union. This article wants to introduce which is the role of citizenship within the new framework by reference to the ideal of cosmopolitan citizenship. The proposed analysis is based on three questions that ask about: 1) Who is considered a citizen of the European Union; 2) How could they have really encouraged public participation in the European political building process; and 3) If the institutional reform carried out by the Lisbon Treaty will mean, as promised, a more democratic Europe

Guerra, coacción y autotutela en el pacifismo jurídico de Hans Kelsen

Durante el decenio que Hans Kelsen ejerció como docente de Derecho Internacional en Colonia y Ginebra, entre 1930 y 1940, desarrolló un cuerpo teórico del Derecho Internacional con una marcada vocación pacifista. Ante los graves sucesos bélicos de la II Guerra Mundial, Kelsen clamó, desde su obra la necesidad de una profunda reforma de las instituciones internacionales para conseguir la paz mundial. En este artículo se trata de exponer algunos de los rasgos fundamentales de esa teoría del Derecho Internacional que se encuentran en la base de una contundente propuesta pacifista, prestando especial atención a los conceptos de guerra, coacción y autotutela.Hans Kelsen thought International Law in Cologne and Geneva between 1930 and 1940. During this decade he developed a theoretical framework of International Law with a strong commitment to peace. Given the serious events of the World War II, Kelsen claimed the need for a radical reform of international institutions to achieve the world peace. This article tries to outline some of the fundamental features of that theory of International Law in order to find the basis of a strong pacifist proposals, with particular attention to the concepts of war, coercion and self governance

¿Pueden los animales ser titulares de derechos? Algunos argumentos desde una teoría garantista del Derecho

Este trabajo es el resultado de una preocupada reflexión acerca de la situación ambiental que toma las controversias a propósito de los derechos de los animales como punto de partida. En primer lugar se realizan algunas consideraciones preliminares acerca de la mirada antropocéntrica que impregna la cultura jurídica en la que a diario se mueven los juristas. A continuación se analizan seis argumentos que con frecuencia han sido presentados por quienes, desde diferentes perspectivas, consideran que los animales no pueden o no deben ser titulares de derechos. Se pretende demostrar que, desde el punto de vista de la Teoría del Derecho, tales argumentos no serían suficientes para afirmar que los animales no puedan ser titulares de derechos subjetivos. Otra cuestión más compleja es si la titularidad de derechos es la fórmula más adecuada para proteger no sólo a los animales, sino al conjunto de la naturaleza. Sobre ello se apuntan dos propuestas de convivencia inspiradas en la teoría del garantismo jurídico: una de carácter teórico general y otra concreta referida al modelo alimentario

Analysis of the geometric altimetry to support aircraft optimal profiles within future 4D trajectory management

The use of barometric altimetry is to some extent a limiting factor on safety, predictability and efficiency of aircraft operations, and reduces the potential of the trajectory based operations capabilities. However, geometric altimetry could be used to improve all of these aspects. Nowadays aircraft altitude is estimated by applying the International Standard Atmosphere which differs from real altitude. At different temperatures for an assigned barometric altitude, aerodynamic forces are different and this has a direct relationship with time, fuel consumption and range of the flight. The study explores the feasibility of using sensors providing geometric reference altitude, in particular, to supply capabilities for the optimization of vertical profiles and also, their impact on the vertical Air Traffic Management separation assurance processes. One of the aims of the thesis is to assess if geometric altitude fulfils the aeronautical requirements through existing sensors. Also the thesis will elaborate on the advantages of geometric altitude over the barometric altitude in terms of efficiency for vertical navigation. The evidence that geometric altitude is the best choice to improve the efficiency in vertical profile and aircraft capacity by reducing vertical uncertainties will also be shown. In this paper, an atmospheric study is presented, as well as the impact of temperature deviation from International Standard Atmosphere model is analyzed in order to obtain relationship between geometric and barometric altitude. Furthermore, an aircraft model to study aircraft vertical profile is provided to analyse trajectories based on geometric altitudes

Local temperature in quantum thermal states

We consider blocks of quantum spins in a chain at thermal equilibrium, focusing on their properties from a thermodynamical perspective. Whereas in classical systems the temperature behaves as an intensive magnitude, a deviation from this behavior is expected in quantum systems. In particular, we see that under some conditions the description of the blocks as thermal states with the same global temperature as the whole chain fails. We analyze this issue by employing the quantum fidelity as a figure of merit, singling out in detail the departure from the classical behavior. The influence in this sense of zero-temperature quantum phase transitions can be clearly observed within this approach. Then we show that the blocks can be considered indeed as thermal states with a high fidelity, provided an effective local temperature is properly identified. Such a result originates from typical properties of reduced sub-systems of energy-constrained Hilbert spaces. Finally, the relation between local and global temperature is analyzed as a function of the size of the blocks and the system parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. New fidelity measure with similar result

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study

[EN] This paper presents a case study describing a cell assignment problem in an assembly facility. These cells receive parts from external suppliers, and sort and sequence these parts to feed the final assembly line. Therefore, to each cell are associated important inbound and outbound flows generating hundreds of material handling equipment movements along the facility, impacting the traffic density and causing eventually safety issues in the plant. Following an important plant redesign, cells have been relocated, and the plant managers need to decide how to manage the new logistic flows. To that aim, a hybrid approach encompassing mathematical optimization and discrete event simulation (DES) is proposed. This approach allows us to reduce complexity by decomposing the design into two phases. The first phase deals with the problem of generating cell¿s assignment alternatives by using a heuristic method to find good quality solutions. Then, a DES software is used to dynamically evaluate the performance of the solutions with respect to operational features such as traffic congestion and intensity. This second phase provides interesting managerial insights on the manufacturing system from both quantitative and qualitative aspects related to in-plant safety and traffic.Saez-Mas, A.; García Sabater, JJ.; García Sabater, JP.; Maheut, J. (2020). Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study. Central European Journal of Operations Research. 28(1):125-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-018-0548-5S125142281Anjos MF, Vieira MVC (2017) Mathematical optimization approaches for facility layout problems: the state-of-the-art and future research directions. Eur J Oper Res 261(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.01.049Battini D, Boysen N, Emde S (2013) Just-in-time supermarkets for part supply in the automobile industry. 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Int J Prod Res 49(6):1801–1812. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207541003645789Kulturel-Konak S (2017) A matheuristic approach for solving the dynamic facility layout a matheuristic approach for problem solving the dynamic facility layout problem. Proc Comput Sci 108(June):1374–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.234Leveson N (2004) A new accident model for engineering safer systems. Saf Sci 42(4):237–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-XNegahban A, Smith JS (2014) Simulation for manufacturing system design and operation: literature review and analysis. J Manuf Syst 33(2):241–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.12.007Prajapat N, Tiwari A (2017) A review of assembly optimisation applications using discrete event simulation. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 30(2–3):215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2016.1145812Saez-Mas A, Garcia-Sabater JP, Morant-Llorca J (2018) Using 4-layer architecture to simulate product and information flows in manufacturing. 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A Procedure for Sharper and Faster Characterization

Topological order in two-dimensional (2D) quantum matter can be determined by the topological contribution to the entanglement Rényi entropies. However, when close to a quantum phase transition, its calculation becomes cumbersome. Here, we show how topological phase transitions in 2D systems can be much better assessed by multipartite entanglement, as measured by the topological geometric entanglement of blocks. Specifically, we present an efficient tensor network algorithm based on projected entangled pair states to compute this quantity for a torus partitioned into cylinders and then use this method to find sharp evidence of topological phase transitions in 2D systems with a string-tension perturbation. When compared to tensor network methods for Rényi entropies, our approach produces almost perfect accuracies close to criticality and, additionally, is orders of magnitude faster. The method can be adapted to deal with any topological state of the system, including minimally entangled ground states. It also allows us to extract the critical exponent of the correlation length and shows that there is no continuous entanglement loss along renormalization group flows in topological phases

El pacifismo jurídico de Luigi Ferrajoli en Principia Iuris || The Legal Pacifism of Luigi Ferrajoli In Principia Iuris

RESUMEN: A lo largo de su obra Ferrajoli ha demostrado un indudable compromiso en favor de la paz y en contra de cualquier tipo de guerra. Por eso su teoría respecto del orden internacional encaja perfectamente dentro de la tradición conocida como pacifismo jurídico. El propósito de este trabajo es destacar cómo se plasman los principales rasgos ese pacifismo en su Principia Iuris. Para ello se prestará atención a problemas tales como el modelo de jerarquía normativa propuesto en el ámbito internacional o el concepto de soberanía estatal. También se destacará el radical rechazo a la naturaleza jurídica de la guerra, calificándola como la más absoluta negación del Derecho y de los derechos. Por último, se apuntará al diseño institucional del orden internacional que Ferrajoli plantea para superar la actual crisis de la democracia y del Estado de Derecho.   ABSTRACT: Along his work Ferrajoli has demonstrated an unquestionable engagement to the peace and against the war. His theory about international order, thus, fit well within the so called legal pacifism. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how the main features that pacifism are present in his Principia Iuris. I will pay attention to issues such as norvative hierarchy model proposed for the international order, and to the concept of state sovereignty. Also is remarkable the radical deny of its legal nature to the war, as the absolute negation of law and rights. Finally, we´ll see the institutional design of international order that Ferrajoli propose to overcome the current crisis of democracy and the rule of law

Revitalización del Castillo de Almansa

[EN] The proposed action seeks recovery Castle and incorporated into the daily life of the city of Almansa: reinvigorating. Proposed use, return to life, abandoning the model of "visitable ruin" as having outdated today. A building for use in the XXI century, which is the best way to add value to the Castle, making it useful again proposed. The action based on the concept of reversibility of the intervention, since it does not affect historic structures, proposes a building which on one hand facilitates the understanding of the castle who created Don Juan Pacheco in the XV century, and on the other hand, recovering old missing spaces for use as an auditorium and exhibition halls in a unique setting, developing activities of our society that guarantees its maintenance and therefore life expectancy Castle.García Saez, JF. (2015). Revitalización del Castillo de Almansa. En Defensive architecture of the mediterranean: XV to XVIII centuries. Vol. I. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 365-372. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1783OCS36537