Dinâmica das disparidades regionais da renda per capita nos estados brasileiros: uma análise de convergência

The purpose of the article was to seek answers about the existence of convergence of income for the Brazilian states the period between 1980 and 2002, it was used for testing β- convergence and σ-convergence. The results suggest that there is a dependency between growth rate of per capita income and its initial value, so that in general the less developed economies grow more than the most developed. Thus, the growth of per capita income would have acted positively to reduce disparities between states, the influence of factors specific inducers or policies directed to this behavior of convergence.O objetivo do artigo foi de buscar resposta sobre a existência de convergência de renda para os Estados brasileiros no período entre 1980 e 2002, utilizou-se os testes de β-convergência e σ-convergência. Os resultados sugerem que existe uma dependência entre taxa de crescimento da renda per capita e seu valor inicial, de forma que, em geral, as economias menos desenvolvidas crescem mais que os mais desenvolvidos. Desta forma, o crescimento da renda per capita teria atuado positivamente no sentido de reduzir as disparidades entre os Estados, por influência de fatores indutores específicos ou políticasdirecionadas para esse comportamento de convergência

Entre tapabocas, ansiedad y expectativas : desafíos enfrentados por profesorasenel retorno a laenseñanza presencial

Este texto discute como está ocorrendo o retorno às aulas presenciais e o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem no período pós-pandemia, abordando os desafios enfrentados pelas professoras. Adota-se uma metodologia inspirada na dinâmica de grupo focal. As análises organizam-se em três eixos: no primeiro, os aspectos socioafetivos relacionados às ansiedades das professoras com o retorno e o convívio diário na sala de aula; o segundo, a necessidade de brincar das crianças, presente nos relatos; o terceiro, o investimento das professoras no estabelecimento das rotinas e na compreensão das crianças acerca das interações escolares. Palavras-chave: docência; pandemia; anos iniciais.This paper discusses how the return to classroom teaching and the teaching and learning process in the post-pandemic period are occurring, addressing the challenges faced by teachers. To do so, it adopts a methodology inspired by the focus group dynamics. The analyses are organized in three axes: the first one addresses socioaffective aspects related to teachers' anxiety with the return and daily coexistence in the classroom; the second focuses on children's need to play, which was present in the reports ; the third axis deals with teachers' investment in establishing routines and in children's understanding of school interactions.Este texto analiza de que manera está ocurriendo el retorno a las clases presenciales y al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el período pospandemia, abordando los desafíos enfrentados por las profesoras. Para ello, se adopta una metodología inspirada en la dinámica de grupos focales. Los análisis se organizan en três ejes: el primero aborda aspectos socioafectivos relacionados a la ansiedad de las professoras con el retorno y la convivência en el cotidiano del aula; el segundo, la necesidad de jugar de los niños, que en los relatos se mostro muy presente; el tercer eje tematiza la inversión de las professoras en el establecimiento de rutinas y en la comprensión de los niños sobre las interacciones escolares

Low levels of maximal aerobic power impair the profile of mood state in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy

Objetivo: Investigar a correlação entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória e variáveis de estado de humor em indivíduos com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Método: Indivíduos com ELT (n = 20) e controles saudáveis (C, n = 20) foram avaliados. Administraram-se questionários para avaliar o estado de humor (POMS) e nível de atividade física habitual (BAECKE). Avaliou-se a aptidão cardiorrespiratória por teste incremental máximo. Resultados: Pessoas com ELT apresentaram menor aptidão cardiorrespiratória; elevados níveis de transtornos do humor; e menor nível de vigor, quando comparadas ao grupo C. Observou-se correlação negativa significativa entre os níveis de tensão-ansiedade e a potência aeróbica máxima. Conclusão: O baixo nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória pode modificar o estado de saúde de indivíduos com ELT e pode ser considerado fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos de humor.Objective: To investigate the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and mood state in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method: Individuals with TLE (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (C, n = 20) were evaluated. Self-rating questionnaires were used to assess mood (POMS) and habitual physical activity (BAECKE). Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by a maximal incremental test. Results: People with TLE presented lower cardiorespiratory fitness; higher levels of mood disorders; and lower levels of vigor when compared to control health subjects. A significant negative correlation was observed between the levels of tension-anxiety and maximal aerobic power. Conclusion: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may modify the health status of individuals with TLE and it may be considered a risk factor for the development of mood disorders.Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Market profile of speech and language therapist in the area of Audiology Clinic

PURPOSE: to investigate the market profile of speech therapist professional working in the area of clinical audiology in Fortaleza, identifying the postgraduate level, professional salary range, the level of satisfaction, working hours and employment contract of this professional. METHOD: a cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2010. A questionnaire about the professional s performance in the area of Clinical Audiology was applied in 30 speech and hearing therapists, 29 (96.7%) females and one (3.3%) male, with average age of 31.4 years, ranging between 24 and 44 year old, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. The questionnaire consisted of the following items: academic history, salary range, acting area, acting department, working hours per week, employment contract and professional level of satisfaction. Data were organized and statistically analyzed by the test of equality of two proportions. RESULTS: thirteen (43.3%) of the clinical speech and hearing therapists earn between 4 to 6 minimum wages. Twenty-four (80%) interviewees working in the area of Clinical Audiology are self-employed four (13.3%) have formal contract and two (6.7%) are corporate entities. Sixteen (53.3%) of the speech and hearing therapists are satisfied with their job. CONCLUSION: the professional working in the area of Clinical Audiology in the city of Fortaleza presents, predominantly, specialization course, salary range from 4 to 6 minimum wages and 10 to 20 working hours per week. Most speech and hearing therapists are self-employed and are satisfied with their career.OBJETIVO: investigar o perfil mercadológico do fonoaudiólogo atuante na área de audiologia clínica da cidade de Fortaleza, buscando identificar a formação em nível de pós-graduação, quantificar a faixa salarial, analisar o nível de satisfação do profissional e avaliar a jornada de trabalho e o vínculo empregatício desse profissional. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado no período de fevereiro a abril de 2010, tendo-se aplicado um questionário acerca da atuação fonoaudiológica na área de Audiologia Clínica em 30 fonoaudiólogos, 29 (96,7%) do gênero feminino e um (3,3%) do gênero masculino, com idade média de 31,4 anos, variando entre 24 e 44 anos de idade, na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. O questionário abrangeu os seguintes itens: dados de formação acadêmica, remuneração, área de atuação, setor de atuação, jornada de trabalho em horas semanais, vínculo empregatício e nível de satisfação com a área de atuação. Os dados foram organizados e analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste de igualdade de duas proporções. RESULTADOS: treze (43,3%) dos fonoaudiólogos que atuam com Audiologia Clínica recebem entre quatro a seis salários mínimos. Vinte e quatro (80%) fonoaudiólogos atuantes na área da Audiologia Clínica são autônomos, quatro (13,3%) tem Carteira de Trabalho assinada e dois (6,7%) são pessoas jurídicas. Dezesseis (53,3%) dos fonoaudiólogos estão satisfeitos com a sua profissão. CONCLUSÃO: o fonoaudiólogo atuante na área de Audiologia Clínica na cidade de Fortaleza apresenta, predominantemente, curso de especialização, renda salarial entre quatro e seis salários mínimos, com jornada de trabalho de 10 a 20 horas semanais. A maioria são profissionais autônomos e sentem-se satisfeitos com sua atuação profissional.Universidade de FortalezaUniversidade Federal do CearáUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC ISOKINETIC STRENGTH PROFILE OF SHOULDER ROTATORS IN ELITE JUNIOR TENNIS PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) isokinetic strength of shoulder rotators in elite junior tennis players. Shoulder rotator strength was measured bilaterally in 40 junior tennis players (26 male and 14 female) at 60 and 180°/s. Dominant internal rotation (IR) strength development was found for both sexes. Boys also had a dominance effect in the external rotators (ER) in both modes. This discrepancy between sexes also was evident in the unilateral strength ratio (ERcon/IRcon), with girls within the normal range and boys at a recommend level. In both sexes, the functional ratios (ERecc/IRcon) were lower than the ideal to prevent joint overloading. Exercises involving concentric and eccentric strengthening of external rotators are necessary to restore shoulder imbalances, especially for females tennis players

Severe Obesity Shifts Metabolic Thresholds but Does Not Attenuate Aerobic Training Adaptations in Zucker Rats

Severe obesity affects metabolism with potential to influence the lactate and glycemic response to different exercise intensities in untrained and trained rats. Here we evaluated metabolic thresholds and maximal aerobic capacity in rats with severe obesity and lean counterparts at pre- and post-training. Zucker rats (obese: n = 10, lean: n = 10) were submitted to constant treadmill bouts, to determine the maximal lactate steady state, and an incremental treadmill test, to determine the lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal velocity at pre and post 8 weeks of treadmill training. Velocities of the lactate threshold and glycemic threshold agreed with the maximal lactate steady state velocity on most comparisons. The maximal lactate steady state velocity occurred at higher percentage of the maximal velocity in Zucker rats at pre-training than the percentage commonly reported and used for training prescription for other rat strains (i.e., 60%) (obese = 78 +/- 9% and lean = 68 +/- 5%, P 0.05), whereas increase in maximal velocity was greater in the obese group (P < 0.05 vs. lean). In conclusion, lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal lactate steady state occurred at similar exercise intensity in Zucker rats at pre- and post-training. Severe obesity shifted metabolic thresholds to higher exercise intensity at pre-training, but did not attenuate submaximal and maximal aerobic training adaptations.Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Grad Program Translat Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Catolica Brasilia, Grad Program Phys Educ & Hlth, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nephrol, Sao Paulo, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Human Performance Lab, Rio Claro, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Grad Program Translat Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nephrol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Motivation for Brazilian Older Adult Women to Join a Community Physical Activity Program Before COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors can affect the levels of adherence of physical activity (PA) during the aging process. Objectives: Investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects and motivation that led older women to enroll in and adhere to a community PA program before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were collected via transversal survey before the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 21 women, participants of a PA workshop, aged between 60 to 86 years [< 1-year (n = 8) and ≥ 1-year (n = 13) groups]. Motivation was assessed by the Motivation Inventory for Regular Physical Activity Practice (IMPRAF-54), using the 60th percentile to categorize high and low motivation, and two open questions. For qualitative assessment, content analysis was used and the answers were framed into subcategories regarding the motivation factors for adherence and permanence. Results: That adherence to the program was motivated by sociability purposes [total score: 36.0 (6.0), median (interquartile range)] and pleasure [34.0; (6.0)], while the main motivation for permanence was health [40.0 (11.0)]. Differences were noticed between the groups for sociability [38.0 (3.0) P = 0.030] and competitiveness [9.50 (12.0); P = 0.037] highest medians for the < 1 year group. Furthermore, the factors that least motivated older women were competitiveness and aesthetics. Conclusions: Health and sociability were the main motivators for the practice of physical activity among older adult women. Motivation played a fundamental role in the permanence of older adult women in the physical activity program

Genetic Aspects Of Athletic Performance: The African Runners Phenomenon.

The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.5123-

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Injuries In A Brazilian Premier League Soccer Team.

Soccer, which has a large number of participants, has a high injury incidence that causes both financial and time burdens. Therefore, knowledge about the epidemiology of soccer injuries could allow sports-medicine professionals, such as physicians and physiotherapists, to direct their work in specific preventive programs. Thus, our aim was to conduct an epidemiological survey of injuries sustained by professional soccer players from the same team who participated in the Brazilian championship premier league in 2009. To this end, we evaluated retrospectively player medical records from the team, which included name, date of birth, position, date of injury, mechanism of injury, and type of injury. In the period of study, 95 injuries were recorded: 42 (44.2%) were recorded during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the training period. Injuries occurred more frequently in midfielders and strikers. All injuries happened in the lower limb, most of the injuries were muscular, and most occurred as the result of collisions with other athletes. In summary, this study demonstrates that there is a need for greater safety awareness in the training environment.4171-

Effect of Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic on Maximum Oxygen Uptake among Amateur Runners: A Prospective Study

In this prospective study we compared the maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O$_2$max), physical activity levels, and time spent on a sedentary lifestyle measured before the COVID-19 pandemic period (January 2020) with that measured two years after (January 2022). Thirty-four male runners (46.8 ± 11.7 years) answered a questionnaire that consisted of personal data, health conditions, and current level of physical activity. They participated in cardiopulmonary maximal exercise tests for V̇O$_2$max assessment between January 2020 and January 2022. We observed a significant decrease (16.7 ± 7.3%) in V̇O$_2$max in January 2022 compared to January 2020 (p<0.001, d=2.152). Despite no change in physical activity levels between the two evaluations (p=0.07, d=0.325) being recorded, there was a reduction in the time dedicated to performing vigorous-intensity activities (p=0.03, d=0.035), a significant increase in walking time (p=0.04, d= -0.42), and a significant increase in the weekly sitting time (p<0.001, d=0.77). The observed change in the physical activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic (increased sitting time and decreased vigorous activities) negatively impacted the functional capacity of the amateur runners, as shown by the V̇O$_2$max assessment. Therefore there is a need to reduce sedentary behavior, such as sitting time throughout the day, in addition to the importance to increase the physical activity pattern