Relación entre sedimentos terrígenos costeros, facies arrecifales y evaporitas. El modelo de Centelles y su aplicación regional

El modelo de sedimentación de la Cuenca Eocena Catalana puede ser explicado mediante un número reducido de facies (terrígenas, carbonatadas y evaporíticas) estrechamente relacionadas entre sí. Las facies terrígenas (fan-delta, delta y barras mareales) condicionaron dinámica y morfológicamente el desarrollo de crecimientos arrecifales en el espacio y en el tiempo. Se plantea un modelo completo de esta relación que puede ser aplicado a toda la cuenca Eocena

Acid mine drainage in semi-arid regions: the extent of the problem in the waters of reservoirs in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)

There are many reservoirs in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), SW Spain, which receive contributions from watercourses affected by acid mine drainage processes, characterised by low pH values and high concentrations of heavy metals and sulphates. When they reach the reservoirs, the waters increase its pH, which will cause most of the metal load carried by the mining channel to precipitate into the reservoir itself and accumulate on its floor. The silting of reservoirs is an environmental problem which can affect the loss of storage capacity, their general functioning and aquatic ecosystems. A study of these is vital to allow both preventative and corrective measures to be established. Climatic conditions are the most significant external controlling factors in terms of the degree and type of mining pollution. The study area presents characteristics typical of the semi-arid Mediterranean climate, with annual precipitation of around 630 mm/year; moderate temperatures with average annual values of 17.1 W C and a temperature range of 50 W C. The aim of this study is to carry out a physical–chemical characterization of the waters where they enter the reservoirs located in the IPB over the course of a hydrological year and to establish possible interdependencies between the various parameters.Financial support for this research was provided by DGCICYT National Plan, project no. CGL2010-21268-C02-01.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ambiente sedimentario y edad de la unidad superior de brechas de la Cuenca de Quesa (provincia de Valencia)

The miocene deposits of the Quesa basin (Betic foreland) outcrops in the central part of the Valencia province (Spain). Quesa basin is a subsiding hanging-wall basin related to an ENE-WSW listric fault system. The deposits of this basin are formed by a 440 metres thick sequence of red clays, containing few intercalations of sandstones and micritic white limestones, and breccias. The upper 70 metres of this sequence is a wedge-shaped unit composed by breccias containing megablocks, wich interfinger with tabular limestones towards the central part of the basin. The breccias are foot-wall derived debris fiow deposits formed during normal faulting. A mammal site close to the base of the breccias (Quesa 2), has yielded a fossil micrommamal association of Middle to Upper Aragonian age. This allow us to consider as Middle Miocene the sediments and tectonic events in Quesa Basin.La cuenca miocena de Quesa está situada en la parte central de la provincia de Valencia. Es una cuenca continental del antepaís bético, con una estructura de semigraben, controlada por un sistema de fallas lístricas de orientación ENE-WSW. La sucesión de los depósitos de esta cuenca tiene 440 metros de potencia. Está formada por brechas y arcillas rojas conteniendo intercalaciones de areniscas, conglomerados y calizas. Las brechas, que incluyen grandes bloques y olistolitos, forman los 70 metros superiores de la serie, en el sector oriental de la cuenca. Constituyen un cuerpo, en forma de cuña, que se interdigita hacia el centro de la cuenca con calizas blancas laminadas. Estas brechas son depósitos de coluviones formados por mecanismos de «debris-fiow» en la base de un escarpe de falla. Han podido ser datadas como Aragoniense medio-superior gracias a un yacimiento de micromamíferos situado en su base. Esto nos permite considerar al conjunto de los depósitos y al control ejercido por la fractura, de una edad Mioceno medio como más reciente

Cannabidiol skews biased agonism at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors with smaller effect in CB1-CB2 heteroreceptor complexes

Currently, biased agonism is at the center stage of drug development approaches. We analyzed effects of a battery of cannabinoids plus/minus cannabidiol (CBD) in four functional parameters (cAMP levels, phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK1/2), β-arrestin recruitment and label-free/DMR) in HEK-293T cells expressing cannabinoid receptors, CB or CB, or CB-CB heteroreceptor complexes. In all cases two natural agonists plus two selective synthetic agonists were used. Furthermore, the effect of cannabidiol, at a dose (100 nM) that does not allow significant binding to the orthosteric center of either receptor, was measured. From the huge amount of generated data, we would like to highlight that the two psychotropic molecules (Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol/THC and CP-55940) showed similar bias in CBR and that the bias of THC was particularly relevant toward MAPK pathway. Furthermore, THC did not activate the G protein coupled to CBR. Interestingly, the biased agonism was reduced when assays were performed in cells expressing the two receptors, thus suggesting that the heteromer allows less functional selectivity. In terms of cannabidiol action, the phytocannabinoid altered the functional responses, likely by allosteric means, and modified potency, agonist IC/EC values and biased agonism in qualitative and/or quantitative different ways depending on the agonist. The effect of cannabidiol on anandamide actions on both cannabinoid receptors was particularly noteworthy as was significantly different from that of other compounds. Results are a compendium of data on biased agonism on cannabinoid receptors in the absence and presence of cannabidiol. In addition, for the first time, GPCR biased agonism is characterized in an heteromeric context.This work was partially supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. no. BFU2015-64405-R and SAF2017-84117-R; they may include FEDER funds) and by grant 201413-30 from: Fundació la Marató de TV3Peer Reviewe

Galaxy Zoo 1 : Data Release of Morphological Classifications for nearly 900,000 galaxies

Morphology is a powerful indicator of a galaxy's dynamical and merger history. It is strongly correlated with many physical parameters, including mass, star formation history and the distribution of mass. The Galaxy Zoo project collected simple morphological classifications of nearly 900,000 galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, contributed by hundreds of thousands of volunteers. This large number of classifications allows us to exclude classifier error, and measure the influence of subtle biases inherent in morphological classification. This paper presents the data collected by the project, alongside measures of classification accuracy and bias. The data are now publicly available and full catalogues can be downloaded in electronic format from http://data.galaxyzoo.org.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 14 pages. Updated to match final version; problem with table 7 header fixed. Full tables available at http://data.galaxyzoo.or

Automated Morphological Classification of SDSS Red Sequence Galaxies

(abridged) In the last decade, the advent of enormous galaxy surveys has motivated the development of automated morphological classification schemes to deal with large data volumes. Existing automated schemes can successfully distinguish between early and late type galaxies and identify merger candidates, but are inadequate for studying detailed morphologies of red sequence galaxies. To fill this need, we present a new automated classification scheme that focuses on making finer distinctions between early types roughly corresponding to Hubble types E, S0, and Sa. We visually classify a sample of 984 non-starforming SDSS galaxies with apparent sizes >14". We then develop an automated method to closely reproduce the visual classifications, which both provides a check on the visual results and makes it possible to extend morphological analysis to much larger samples. We visually classify the galaxies into three bulge classes (BC) by the shape of the light profile in the outer regions: discs have sharp edges and bulges do not, while some galaxies are intermediate. We separately identify galaxies with features: spiral arms, bars, clumps, rings, and dust. We find general agreement between BC and the bulge fraction B/T measured by the galaxy modeling package GIM2D, but many visual discs have B/T>0.5. Three additional automated parameters -- smoothness, axis ratio, and concentration -- can identify many of these high-B/T discs to yield automated classifications that agree ~70% with the visual classifications (>90% within one BC). Both methods are used to study the bulge vs. disc frequency as a function of four measures of galaxy 'size': luminosity, stellar mass, velocity dispersion, and radius. All size indicators show a fall in disc fraction and a rise in bulge fraction among larger galaxies.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures, MNRAS accepte

Tratamiento hormonal del cáncer de mama

Hormonal therapy has been the first systemic treatment against breast cancer. Up to now Tamoxifen and ovarian supression/ablation were the best optionts we had to treat early breast cancer as advancer disease. The advent of aromatase inhibitors, new SERMS and antistrogen Fulvestrant have supoused a great advance in the treatment of this disease and at the same time have complicated the election of the optimal drug for each patient. This article tries to review the aviable treatment options insiting on its indications