BIO-EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN OBAT KEDAWUNG (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) DI HUTAN ALAM TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI (Bioecological of kedawung (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr.) medicinal plant in natural forest Meru Betiri National Park)

The article was describe some aspect of bioecological Parkia timoriana DC Merr in Meru Betiri National Park i.e. ecological characteristis, population dan regenration status, seed production, seed dispersal dan seed distributor, spatial distribution of parkia, and relation of parkia abundance and community interaction and distance of village to the forest (parkia habitat). In Meru Betiri National Park, tke parkia was found at 0 -500 m upper sea, topographyi 0-125 % (general 40 %), land pH 5 – 7. Total population of parkia in natural forest only 200 individu and naturally regeration process was very low. As a intolerant species, parkia was needed most sun radiation to sprout the seed and growth of parkia. The pattern of spatial distribution and abundance of parkia were relating to the interaction intensity of people to parkia and the distance of communities village to the parkia habitat in natural forest. In this case, the parkia abundance were found in natural forest where people who has highest interaction with parkia and nearest distance of communities village to the natural forest as parkia habitat. Peoples as parkia harvester was actor in parkia distribution and parkia seed dispersal in Meru Betiri National Park.Keywords : bioecological, kedawung, regeneration, conservation, community

Analysis of the utilization of groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) by the community around the Cibodas Resort Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) is a medicinal plant originating from the Cibodas Resort forest, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. This study aimed to identify the actual potential of cecal plants and analyzeperceptions, motivations, and perceptions of the impact of their utilization by the community around Cibodas Resort MGPNP. Research was carried out from September to November 2021, in Cibodas Resort MGPNP and Cimacan Village. The total number of groundcherrys found at an altitude of 1,000–1,600 masl is 148. Results of the Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) for groundcherry are 20, which means they are high risk of becoming invasive in the area. The dominant characteristic of the Cimacan Village community is married to the last high school education level who works as an entrepreneur. The highest intensity utilization of thegroundcherry is as an ingredient for food or drink consumption. Motivation of the community using groundcherry plants is same for religion, education, ecology, culture, recreation and society. Perceptions of impact of using groundcherry plants are uncertain to economic, social and cultural impacts. Perceptions of the ecological impact are considered disagreed by the surrounding community. Utilization by a community using a cultivation approach can be a solution to the high risk of invasiveness of groundcherry plants.Cecendet (Physalis angulata) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang berasal dari hutan Resort Cibodas Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana potensi aktual tumbuhan cecendet dan menganalisis intentsitas, motivasi serta persepsi terhadap dampak pemanfaatan oleh masyarakat sekitar Resort Cibodas TNGGP. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai November 2021, berlokasi di Resort Cibodas TNGGP dan Desa Cimacan. Jumlah cecendet yang ditemukan pada ketinggian 1000 - 1600 mdpl adalah 148 jenis. Hasil penilaian dari Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) tumbuhan cecendet adalah 20 yang berarti beresiko tinggi menjadi invasif di dalam kawasan. Karakteristik masyarakat Desa Cimacan dominan sudah menikah dengan tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA yang berprofesi sebagai pedagang. Intensitas masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan cecendet paling tinggi adalah sebagai bahan konsumsi makanan ataupun minuman.  Motivasi masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan cecendet sama rata untuk religi, pendidikan, ekologi, budaya, rekreasi dan sosial. Persepsi terhadap dampak pemanfaatan tumbuhan cecendet adalah ragu-ragu untuk dampak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Persepsi terhadap dampak ekologi dinilai tidak setuju oleh masyarakat sekitar. Pemanfaatan oleh masyarakat dengan pendekatan budidaya dapat menjadi solusi tingginya resiko invasif dari tumbuhan cecendet

KONSERVASI PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) SUATU ANALISIS TRI STIMULUS AMAR PRO-KONSERVASI KASUS DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

In Bogor, the ex situ conservation of nutmeg is a biodiversity conservation that supported by village ecosystem approximation based on community. The study about community motivation factors for doing conservative action would provide information about community willingness prerequisite those. The study was conducted in Dramaga, Caringin, and Cijeruk May until November 2012 with total 115 respondent. The result from correlation analysis 13 variables that related with nutmeg conservation are occupation that significantly influenced (confidence value 95%), income, cost of living, land size, distance between house and land, (knowledge about which seed is good, germinating seed method, planting method, nursing method, and harvesting method) that come into natural stimulus; (knowlwdge about what part of plant that used and understanding line of traffic nutmeg trade) that come into benefit stimulus; and that was planted by respondent (not inherited) come into willing stimulus significantly influenced (confidence value 99%). From all those stimulus, the main prerequisite motivating community willingness for doing conservation is small size plant therefore can be planted around yard of their house. Result from factor analysis, dependent variable (nutmeg conservation or total nutmeg which have is influenced by independent variable; income respondent (X3) and land size (X4) with equation Y= 2.300 X3 + 0,0006X4.  Keyword: Benefit stimulus, Ex situ conservation, Natural stimulus, Nutmeg, Willing stimulu

RETENSI DAN PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN ETNOBOTANI MASYARAKAT KERINCI DI TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT

Ethnobotany is required to study the concepts of local knowledge about the plants which are the result of the development of the culture of a community, while conservation is an effort to maintain the sustainability of natural resources through protection, preservation and wise use. Ethnobotany can be used as an indicator for successful forest resources management. The objectives of this study are to identify the local knowledge of Kerinci community associated to the plant and to analyze the level of knowledge and retention in ethnobotany. The study was conducted in three locations i.e. Dusun Lempur Baru, Dusun Ulu Jernih and Dusun Lama Tamiai in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. The research was conducted between October 2013 and October 2014. Qualitative research approach with participant observation and quantitative methods using questionnaires with 30 respondents in each location. The results showed that the level of knowledge Kerinci community in ethnobotany is at the medium level (MGJ = 0.625 ). There are differences in the level of knowledge among the three study sites. There is a decline of the knowledge with the annual average annual change is CA < 0.1

Independent Smallholder Oil Palm Expansion and Its Impact On Deforestation: Case Study in Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia

Independent smallholders who manage their own oil palm plantations without receiving technical assistance and agricultural inputs from oil palm estates or government have been  increasing rapidly in Indonesia in recent years. However the magnitude of their impacts on tropical forest deforestation remains largely unevaluated.  The objective  of this study was  to explore the history of land use, and the changes in land cover and status since the onset  of  oil palm plantation activities. The study was conducted from March to April 2016. Surveys  were carried out in 30 ha of independent smallholder oil palm in  Kampar District, Riau Province.  To identify the land status, the Agreed functional forest classification (TGHK) and Provincial land use planning (RTRWP) maps were overlaid on images of the area of independent smallholder oil palm. Landsat images three years before oil palm was established were used to assess forest cover changes.  Furthermore, oil palm smallholders and elders of the local community in the research area  were  interviewed to identify land use prior to oil palm.  Our results showed that, based on land  status, 47% of  the area of independent smallholders’ oil palm derived from logged forest; that is the land  changed in status from forest to oil palm plantation.  The other 53% of oil palm area derived from non-forested land. The land use history before the establishment of independent smallholder oil palm mostly comprised general-purpose field activities and former forest-felling (forest concessions). The land cover  before conversion into oil palm comprised rubber plantation, secondary forest, and shrub cover. From the results of our survey, we conclude that most of the oil palm plantations planted between  1990 and 2002 have their origins not in primary forest, but rather in  degraded secondary forest, former fields, and shrub-land. These results imply that conversion of forest area into oil palm plantations is not the direct cause of deforestation in the tropical forests of Kampar, Riau Province

PERSEBARAN DAN POTENSI ETNOFITOMEDIKA KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm): STUDI KASUS PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU BANJAR DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR, PROVINSI RIAU

Mangifera casturi  Kosterm (Kasturi) memiliki nilai konservasi yang tinggi karena telah dinyatakan sebagai spesies yang punah di alam. Selain nilai konservasi yang tinggi, spesies ini juga merupakan spesies endemik pulau Kalimantan dan identitas flora Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Di Provinsi Riau, penyebaran kasturi tidak terlepas dari masuknya masyarakat suku Banjar dari Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 1860an. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penyebaran kasturi hanya terdapat di perkampungan masyarakat banjar yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Masyarakat banjar di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir memanfaatkan kasturi sebagai sumber bahan pangan (buah-buahan) dan buah ini juga dipercaya dapat mengatasi penyakit kembung dan masuk angin. Berdasarkan analisis metabolit sekunder pada aril dan kulit buah Kasturi, senyawa umum yang ada antara lain 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural merupakan senyawa golongan aldehid, Palmitic acid merupakan senyawa golongan asam lemak jenuh dan Ethyl palmitate merupakan senyawa golongan asam lemak

MANFAAT KAMPUNG KONSERVASI TUMBUHAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) GUNUNG LEUTIK, DESA BENTENG CIAMPEA BOGOR

Conservation revitalization for health endurance can be achieved by establishing a conservation village such as Kampung Konservasi TOGA Gunung Leutik. The purposes of this research are to identify the benefit of Kampung Konservasi TOGA Gunung Leutik in the form medicinal plants utilization, and the impacts of its existence to local people’s health and economy. Methods used in this research was open-ended interview, and observation. The result shows that there are 152 medicinal plant species from 57 families that are utilized by the local people and most of them are from Zingiberaceae families. There are 40 recipe can be used for treat various desease. Benefits of these medicinal plants are for spices and daily disease treatment. The existence of Kampung Konservasi Gunung Leutik gives positive impacts for local people health and economy. Keyword: medicinal plant, TOGA conservation kampoong, utilizatio

Mingkuen and Kuak: The Hatam People’s Practice of Local Wisdom in Sustainable Natural Resource Management in West Papua Province, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to reveal the use of mingkuen and kuak in the traditional management of natural resources. The method employed in this study is the ethno-directed sampling method. Mingkuen and kuak are types of plants used as the main material in making prohibition signs. Mingkuen is the local name of Scizostachyum lima (Poaceae), while kuak is the local name of Polyscias nodosa (Araliaceae). The local name of these two species is used as the name for the prohibition signs made. The tradition of using mingkuen and kuak is a form of natural resource management practice that has been perfomed by the Hatam people from generation to generation. Both prohibition signs serve as a means to prevent the outsiders from accessing the owners’ resources. For the Hatam people, the two prohibition signs have significant historical and cultural values. Therefore, the existence of mingkuen and kuak is highly appreciated and respected by the Hatam people. Traditional knowledge is an important part of sustainable development, and therefore it must be preserved

Independent Smallholder Oil Palm Expansion and Its Impact On Deforestation: Case Study in Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia

Independent smallholders who manage their own oil palm plantations without receiving technical assistance and agricultural inputs from oil palm estates or government have been  increasing rapidly in Indonesia in recent years. However the magnitude of their impacts on tropical forest deforestation remains largely unevaluated.  The objective  of this study was  to explore the history of land use, and the changes in land cover and status since the onset  of  oil palm plantation activities. The study was conducted from March to April 2016. Surveys  were carried out in 30 ha of independent smallholder oil palm in  Kampar District, Riau Province.  To identify the land status, the Agreed functional forest classification (TGHK) and Provincial land use planning (RTRWP) maps were overlaid on images of the area of independent smallholder oil palm. Landsat images three years before oil palm was established were used to assess forest cover changes.  Furthermore, oil palm smallholders and elders of the local community in the research area  were  interviewed to identify land use prior to oil palm.  Our results showed that, based on land  status, 47% of  the area of independent smallholders’ oil palm derived from logged forest; that is the land  changed in status from forest to oil palm plantation.  The other 53% of oil palm area derived from non-forested land. The land use history before the establishment of independent smallholder oil palm mostly comprised general-purpose field activities and former forest-felling (forest concessions). The land cover  before conversion into oil palm comprised rubber plantation, secondary forest, and shrub cover. From the results of our survey, we conclude that most of the oil palm plantations planted between  1990 and 2002 have their origins not in primary forest, but rather in  degraded secondary forest, former fields, and shrub-land. These results imply that conversion of forest area into oil palm plantations is not the direct cause of deforestation in the tropical forests of Kampar, Riau Province

Traditional Animals Knowledge of Kerinci Community in Sumatera, Indonesia

Kerinci community is one of the indigenous peoples living in Indonesia, Kerinci District, Jambi Province. They live around the forest and have interacted very long time, have knowledge of the various resources, especially wildlife utilization and management. This study aimed to reveal the knowledge community Kerinci toward wildlife resources that include perception, identification and utilization category. The study was conducted in Kerinci community in Dusun Baru Lempur, Dusun Lama Tamiai and Dusun Ulu Jernih which is a buffer zone of Kerinci National Park. The research method is done by an ethnographic approach that consists of field surveys, interviews and desk study. The results showed that people Kerinci already have a good knowledge of the resources represented by the identification of animals as much as 85 species consisting of 9 classes with some categories of utilization, especially for the fulfillment of food sources. The results also showed that there were wise utilization by the community so that the utilization of wildlife resources can be sustainably