Standing out from the crowd: are patagial wing tags a potential predator attraction for harriers (Circus spp.)?

et al.Wing tags have been used on many bird species to facilitate individual recognition, although tags are not only conspicuous for humans but may also attract the attention of potential predators. During a Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus monitoring program (1997-2011) we collected prey remains from the nests of 37 Peregrine territories in the Basque Country, Northern Spain. We identified 3,127 prey items representing 132 bird species. In the 2009 breeding season, we found, for the first time, four Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus remains and the two wings with orange wing tags of a Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus in one nest, 1 year later we found in the same nest eight Montagu's Harrier remains, one of them with wing tags, and in 2011 we found eight more Montagu's Harriers, one of them marked. Simultaneously, in the breeding season of 2010, the remains of another Montagu's Harrier were found in other Peregrine nest and two wings with orange and blue wing tags in the perch of a third pair. Our data thus shows an increase of predation rate of harriers by Peregrines; we discuss whether this could be related to the increasing use of wing tags in this species, and thus whether wing tags may have potential negative effects on the birds. We argue that further studies about the impact of identification techniques, and wing-tags in particular, on the survival of target species should be carried out.Peer Reviewe

Azor común – Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Aves - Orden Falconiformes - Familia Accipitridae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/.A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Spain.Peer reviewe

Halcón peregrino – Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771

Aves - Orden Falconiformes - Familia Falconidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 21-06-2005; 8-03-2007; 10-03-2008; 30-07-2012A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in Spain.Peer reviewe

Bias in little owl population estimates using playback techniques during surveys

Problemas en las estimas poblacionales de mochuelos cuando se realizan censos con reclamos Se desarrollaron dos estudios diferentes para probar la eficiencia de los censos por medio de reclamos de mochuelos (Athene noctua): (1) un seguimiento intensivo de las respuestas a los reclamos de mochuelos radio–marcados en una pequeña área, (2) un estudio extensivo utilizando reclamos para estimar la eficiencia del método como herramienta para detectar la presencia de mochuelos. En el primer caso, se detectaron 8,12 mochuelos de media en un periodo de censo de 30′, número cercano al tamaño de población real; además, se detectaron esplazamientos significativos de los mochuelos desde la posición inicial (antes de conectar el reclamo) a las posiciones siguientes durante la ejecución del reclamo. Sin embargo, tan sólo se detectó una media de 2,25 y 5,37 mochuelos en los primeros 5′ y 10′ respectivamente. En el segundo caso, se detectaron 137 territorios de mochuelos en 105 unidades de muestreo positivas. La tasa de ocupación fue de 0,35, la ocupación estimada de 0,393 y la probabilidad de detección de 0,439. La probabilidad acumulada estimada de detección sugiere que se precisarían de al menos cuatro muestreos en un estudio extensivo si se pretende detectar el 95% de las áreas ocupadas por mochuelos. Palabras clave: Mochuelo común, Métodos de censo, Programa Presence, Eficacia de detección, Actividad vocal.To test the efficiency of playback methods to survey little owl (Athene noctua) populations we carried out two studies: (1) we recorded the replies of radio–tagged little owls to calls in a small area; (2) we recorded call broadcasts to estimate the effectiveness of the method to detect the presence of little owl. In the first study, we detected an average of 8.12 owls in the 30' survey period, a number that is close to the real population; we also detected significant little owl movements from the initial location (before the playback) to the next locations during the survey eriod. However, we only detected an average of 2.25 and 5.37 little owls in the first 5' and 10', respectively, of the survey time. In the second study, we detected 137 little owl territories in 105 positive sample units. The occupation rate was 0.35, the estimated occupancy was 0.393, and the probability of detection was 0.439. The estimated cumulative probability of detection suggests that a minimum of four sampling times would be needed in an extensive survey to detect 95% of the areas occupied by little owls. Key words: Little owl, Survey methods, Presence Program, Detection efficiency, Vocal activity.Problemas en las estimas poblacionales de mochuelos cuando se realizan censos con reclamos Se desarrollaron dos estudios diferentes para probar la eficiencia de los censos por medio de reclamos de mochuelos (Athene noctua): (1) un seguimiento intensivo de las respuestas a los reclamos de mochuelos radio–marcados en una pequeña área, (2) un estudio extensivo utilizando reclamos para estimar la eficiencia del método como herramienta para detectar la presencia de mochuelos. En el primer caso, se detectaron 8,12 mochuelos de media en un periodo de censo de 30′, número cercano al tamaño de población real; además, se detectaron esplazamientos significativos de los mochuelos desde la posición inicial (antes de conectar el reclamo) a las posiciones siguientes durante la ejecución del reclamo. Sin embargo, tan sólo se detectó una media de 2,25 y 5,37 mochuelos en los primeros 5′ y 10′ respectivamente. En el segundo caso, se detectaron 137 territorios de mochuelos en 105 unidades de muestreo positivas. La tasa de ocupación fue de 0,35, la ocupación estimada de 0,393 y la probabilidad de detección de 0,439. La probabilidad acumulada estimada de detección sugiere que se precisarían de al menos cuatro muestreos en un estudio extensivo si se pretende detectar el 95% de las áreas ocupadas por mochuelos. Palabras clave: Mochuelo común, Métodos de censo, Programa Presence, Eficacia de detección, Actividad vocal

Basoak kontserbatzeko eta birsortzeko basogintza legeek, borondatezko akordio kontratuek eta laguntza-planek duten zeregina

[spa] Los bosques ofrecen numerosos servicios ecosistémicos. Estos servicios son esenciales para el bienestar humano; además, la estrategia forestal europea 2030 propone una gestión forestal basada en la multifuncionalidad de los servicios ecosistémicos. En consecuencia, la necesidad de potenciar el cuidado y la mejora de estos servicios también se hace evidente en los bosques de Bizkaia. Una vía para impulsar cambios en la gestión llevada a cabo por los propietarios forestales puede ser la intervención pública. Para ello, en este trabajo se analizará la opción de que la administración ofrezca compensaciones a los propietarios forestales dispuestos a aplicar medidas de gestión en favor del cuidado y mejora de los servicios ecosistémicos. Dichas compensaciones tendrán como base el caso de estudio de Berriatua del proyecto SINCERE y se propondrán diferentes vías para aplicar la política propuesta.[eus] Basoek zerbitzu ekosistemiko ugari eskaintzen dituzte. Zerbitzu hauek gizaongizaterako funtsezkoak dira, horren kariaz, Europako 2030erako baso estrategiak zerbitzu ekosistemikoen multifuntzionalitatean oinarritutako baso kudeaketa proposatzen du. Ondorioz, Bizkaiko basoetan ere zerbitzu hauen zaintza eta hobekuntza bultzatzeko beharra nabaria da. Baso-jabeek egindako kudeaketan aldaketak bultzatzeko bide bat esku hartze publikoa izan daiteke. Horretarako SINCERE proiektuak aurkezturiko Berriatuako kasu ikerketa oinarri izanik administrazioak baso jabeei zerbitzu ekosistemikoak zaintzeko eta hobetzeko kudeaketa neurriak aplikatzearren eskaini beharreko konpentsazio batzuk aztertuko dira lan honetan, baita politika hau bideratzeko zenbait proposamen ere.[eng] Forests offer numerous ecosystem services. These services are essential for human well-being; in addition, the European Forest Strategy for 2030 proposes forest management based on the multifunctionality of ecosystem services. Consequently, the need to promote the care and enhancement of these services is also evident in the forests of Bizkaia. One way to promote changes in the management carried out by forest owners can be public intervention. In order to achieve this goal, this paper will analyze the option for the administration to offer compensation to forest owners willing to apply management measures in favor of the care and improvement of ecosystem services. These compensations will be based on the SINCERE project case study based on Berriatua and different ways to apply the proposed policy will be suggested

Efectividad percibida de los instrumentos tradicionales e innovadores de rendición de cuentas en España. Análisis comparativo en Andalucía, Euskadi, Cataluña, Galicia, Madrid, y Valencia

The perceived effectiveness of established and innovative media accountability instruments is analyzed in Andalusia, Euskadi, Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia, and by means of a survey conducted among journalists, focus groups with media consumers in each community, and in-depth interviews with experts. Some differences are observed across professionals, citizens and experts and amongst the different autonomous communities. Audience participation in media accountability is the most controversial aspect.El presente artículo analiza la efectividad percibida de los instrumentos de rendición de cuentas tradicionales e innovadores en medios de comunicación en Andalucía, Euskadi, Cataluña, Galicia, Madrid y Valencia. La percepción de la efectividad de los mecanismos de rendición de cuentas tradicionales y los nuevos instrumentos se estudia mediante una encuesta a periodistas, focus groups con consumidores de medios en cada comunidad y entrevistas en profundidad con expertos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran diferencias tanto entre estos tres colectivos como entre comunidades autónomas. La participación de la audiencia en la rendición de cuentas es el aspecto más controvertido

Youth interaction with television and online video content in the digital age

This article examines the relationship of university students with television and online video content. Convergence processes in many areas during the digital age have significantly changed both audiovisual content consumption patterns and the content on offer itself. In addition, Web 2.0 has made it possible for interaction to go beyond mere consumption. The purpose of this research study was to ascertain what kind of interaction takes place between young people and audiovisual content. The categories analyzed are watch, share and create, with a focus on students’ everyday life. A mixed-method approach was used across a sample of 475 students from Mondragon University. Our main finding is that, although young people have the resources necessary to interact with media, this condition is not sufficient to favor behaviors that are more active. Young people show different practices and attitudes depending on the individual, the content, and the context but, in general, the interactive patterns that they have with television and online video content have more links with the mass communication paradigm than with the new communicative paradigm that arose in the Web 2.0 era

Reconciling the Places Where We Live with the Spaces We Inhabit: Construction of a Communicative Space for Basque Based on a Local Media Network

The aim of this research is to give a detailed description of local media working in Basque language, hence, providing a backdrop for other minority language local media. Our approach is to offer data based on a questionnaire distributed among 65 local media with a response rate of 84%, ten in-depth interviews and a focus group. The data revealed a total publication of 200.000 copies with potential for a 70 page newspaper, 400.000 readers, almost 300 employees and more than 1.000 collaborating individuals. However, in spite of seeking to collaborate within a common framework, diversity and economic insecurity limit the potential of these local media groups to do so.The aim of this research is to give a detailed description of local media working in Basque language, hence, providing a backdrop for other minority language local media. Our approach is to offer data based on a questionnaire distributed among 65 local media with a response rate of 84%, ten in-depth interviews and a focus group. The data revealed a total publication of 200.000 copies with potential for a 70 page newspaper, 400.000 readers, almost 300 employees and more than 1.000 collaborating individuals. However, in spite of seeking to collaborate within a common framework, diversity and economic insecurity limit the potential of these local media groups to do so

Analysis of professional perceptions relating to the effectiveness of codes of ethics for journalists in Spain

The methodology used in the present study is based on quantitative content analysis using the survey technique. This technique makes it possible to obtain empirical data on various key aspects of the profession that are determining factors in ascertaining Spanish journalists’ views of one of the instruments of accountability that is external to the media: general ethical codes. The results show that Spanish journalists are largely confident in the effectiveness of ethical codes in their profession. Likewise, it was seen that variables such as age, professional experience or the media with which they work influence the perceptions that professionals have of such instruments. If we understand journalism as a profession whose mission is to guarantee the citizenship their right to information, it is essential to be familiar with the tools provided by the profession itself in order to be accountable to the public regarding this professional mission. Hence the importance of instruments of accountability and the perceptions of the professionals themselves regarding their effectiveness

Innovation and creativity and the Spanish White Paper on Communication Degrees: adapting universities to a changing media landscape

Many universities are trying to adapt their curricula to the changing media landscape. Innovation and creativity are considered key concepts in this new context, as can be shown by the Innovation Journalism initiative developed at Stanford University and some other that can be used to promote both innovation and creativity in Media Studies (such as Design Thinking and Creation Nets). In addition to reporting on these trends, this paper describes how the official Spanish White Paper on Communication Degreees deals with both innovation and creativity, analyzing the presence of these two concepts in the curricula proposed within it.Muchas universidades están tratando de adaptar sus planes de estudio a la evolución del panorama mediático. La innovación y la creatividad son consideradas clave en este nuevo contexto, como lo demuestran tendencias como Innovation Journalism (desarrollada en la Universidad de Stanford) y métodos que se pueden utilizar para promover la innovación y la creatividad en los estudios de Comunicación (tales como Design Thinking y Creation Nets). Este artículo da cuenta de estas nuevas tendencias y describe asimismo la presencia de la innovación y la creatividad en los currículos propuestos en el Libro Blanco de los títulos de Grado en Comunicación