Procedure for Event Characterization in Pb-Pb Collisions at 40A GeV in the NA49 Experiment at the CERN SPS

The time evolution of the strongly interacting matter created in a heavy-ion collision depends on the initial geometry and the collision centrality. This makes important the experimental determination of the collision geometry. In this paper a procedure for event classification and estimation of the geometrical parameters in inelastic Pb-Pb collisions at the beam energy of 4

A Method and a Device for Diagnostics of the Functional State of Peripheral Vessels of the Upper Limbs

The article suggests a method and a device for diagnostics of the functional state of peripheral vessels of the upper limbs, which provide identification of angiospastic disorders with a lower probability of falsenegative result, allowing thereby the quality of diagnostics to be improved. The suggested approach is based on combined application of laser Doppler flowmetry and contact thermometry during an occlusion test. The obtained results can be used in various fields of medicine for the development of multifunctional noninvasive diagnostic systems for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases associated with changes in the functional state of peripheral vessels

Second virial coefficients of light nuclear clusters and their chemical freeze-out in nuclear collisions

Here we develop a new strategy to analyze the chemical freeze-out of light (anti)nuclei produced in high energy collisions of heavy atomic nuclei within an advanced version of the hadron resonance gas model. It is based on two different, but complementary approaches to model the hard-core repulsion between the light nuclei and hadrons. The first approach is based on an approximate treatment of the equivalent hard-core radius of a roomy nuclear cluster and pions, while the second approach is rigorously derived here using a self-consistent treatment of classical excluded volumes of light (anti)nuclei and hadrons. By construction, in a hadronic medium dominated by pions, both approaches should give the same results. Employing this strategy to the analysis of hadronic and light (anti)nuclei multiplicities measured by ALICE at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =2.76$ TeV and by STAR at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =200$ GeV, we got rid of the existing ambiguity in the description of light (anti)nuclei data and determined the chemical freeze-out parameters of nuclei with high accuracy and confidence. At ALICE energy the nuclei are frozen prior to the hadrons at the temperature $T = 175.1^{+2.3}_{-3.9}$ MeV, while at STAR energy there is a single freeze-out of hadrons and nuclei at the temperature $T = 167.2 \pm 3.9$ MeV. We argue that the found chemical freeze-out volumes of nuclei can be considered as the volumes of quark-gluon bags that produce the nuclei at the moment of hadronization.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

THE SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSTANT TEA

In the conduct of many processes, including during operation of the drying equipment is well proven two-stage purification scheme of the coolant, including units for dry and wet cleaning emissions. This article was reviewed the system of purification of air of the shop of drying specializing on production of food powders on the example of powder of soluble tea. Detected locations the emission of dust in shop of drying, by production of soluble food powders, parameters of the fulfilled dryer heat carrier are determined, physical and structural and mechanical properties of the received product are analyzed, and also overall performance of the means of purification of air existing at the enterprise is defined. It is revealed that when drying this powder emissions contain a big share of fine fraction of the dust possessing high hygroscopicity and big adhesive ability and use of the hose filter as the second step of cleaning is inadmissible. The average value of catching the cyclone was in the range of 72-76 %. This is due to the fact that this dust is characterized by the presence of a large percentage of the fine fraction, which is poorly captured by the centrifugal dry cleaning apparatus. After analyzing the effectiveness of existing treatment systems, it is possible to draw a conclusion about inexpediency of its use in the enterprise when the dust dispersed composition of this and the need to develop other, better and more effective option. Used conical cyclone is not very effective device for cleaning of coolant from fine dust, so its use is possible only as the first stage of two-stage air purification. From the obtained results it follows that the existing air cleaning system did not provide the required efficiency. To ensure the required level of purification of exhaust air should take into account the special properties of the dusts of a particular production. As the second stage in this case, with regard to the specific characteristics of this type of dust, it is advisable to use wet types of cleaning. It was suggested use for cleaning of the heat carrier of the wet device of centrifugal and inertial action is offered. The presented generalized characteristics of dust can serve as the material allowing to estimate danger degree in the sanitary and hygienic relation of this or that technological process and are basic data for calculation of an efficiency of the operating clearing equipment and design new

Non-invasive control of influence of polyethylene glycol on transport function of fluorescent colored liposomal nanoparticles

The studies were carried out on groups of clinically healthy mice line of outbred CD-1 stock. The model animals were divided into 2 groups and received experimental liposomal formulations. Using the method of fluorescence spectroscopy, we investigated the effectiveness of penetration into the circulatory system of fluorescently stained liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and without PEG when administered orally. Fluorescence channel with a fiber probe series of multifunctional laser non-invasive diagnostic system "LAKK-M" (SPE "LAZMA" Ltd, Russia) was used as the measuring equipment

The influence of local pressure on evaluation parameters of skin blood perfusion and fluorescence

This article presents the results of the study of the pressure applied on optical diagnostic probes as a significant factor affecting the results of measurements. During stepwise increasing and decreasing of local pressure on skin we conducted measurements using the methods of laser Doppler flowmetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found out that pressure on optical probe has sufficient impact on skin microcirculation to affect registered fluorescence intensity. Data obtained in this study are of interest for design and development of diagnostic technologies for wearable devices. This data will also inform further investigation into issues of compensation of blood absorption influence on fluorescence spectrum, allowing increased accuracy and reproducibility of measurements by fluorescence spectroscopy methods in optical diagnosis

Noninvasive control of the transport function of fluorescent coloured liposomal nanoparticles

The use of liposomal nanoparticles with an incorporated active substance is an innovative and promising approach to diagnostics and therapy. The application of liposomal nanoparticle-based drugs allows for targeted localized delivery, overcomes the natural barriers within the body effectively, and minimizes possible side effects. Liposomes are able to contain a variety of ingredients with practically no limitations to their chemical composition, chemical properties, or size of constituent molecules. This study evaluated the ability to control the passage of fluorescent dye-filled liposomes through the intestinal mucosal barrier after oral administration. For this purpose, the increase in transcutaneous registered fluorescence from tetrabromofluorescein dye was recorded and analysed. Fluorescence intensity was measured at the proximal end of the tail of an animal model after oral administration of the liposomes. Measurements were taken at the excitation wavelengths of 365 and 450 nm. The fluorescence intensity in the group treated with the fluorescent contrast agent encapsulated in liposomal particles increased 140% of the initial level, but in the group treated with pure contrast agent, the increase in detected fluorescence intensity did not exceed 110%. Mice that received empty liposomes as well as the control group did not demonstrate statistically significant changes in fluorescence intensity. A potential application of our results is an express laser optical method of monitoring the transport of orally administered liposomal particles. The results can be used to help create new optical tools for use in the development of new drugs and in high-throughput screening used during their testing

«Cross-cutting» technologies in foreign language teaching as a condition for training personnel of the digital society

В рамках реализации национальной программы «Цифровая экономика РФ» вузы были призваны подготовить специалистов, способных осуществлять профессиональную деятельность в условиях цифровой экономики. Авторы статьи показывают возможности использования сквозных технологий в обучении иностранным языкам как технологий формирования цифровых компетенций. Раскрывается их лингводидактический потенциал как образовательных инструментов.As part of the implementation of the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation», universities were called upon to train specialists capable of carrying out professional activities in the digital economy. The authors show the opportunities of using cross-cutting technologies in teaching foreign languages as technologies for the formation of digital competence. Their linguo-didactic potential as educational tools is revealed

The development of attenuation compensation models of fluorescence spectroscopy signals

This study examines the effect of blood absorption on the endogenous fluorescence signal intensity of biological tissues. Experimental studies were conducted to identify these effects. To register the fluorescence intensity, the fluorescence spectroscopy method was employed. The intensity of the blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. We proposed one possible implementation of the Monte Carlo method for the theoretical analysis of the effect of blood on the fluorescence signals. The simulation is constructed as a four-layer skin optical model based on the known optical parameters of the skin with different levels of blood supply. With the help of the simulation, we demonstrate how the level of blood supply can affect the appearance of the fluorescence spectra. In addition, to describe the properties of biological tissue, which may affect the fluorescence spectra, we turned to the method of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Using the spectral data provided by the DRS, the tissue attenuation effect can be extracted and used to correct the fluorescence spectra