Gender Differences and the Influence of Body Composition on Land and Pool-Based Assessments of Anaerobic Power and Capacity

Consistent differences between males and females have been shown in land-based measurements of anaerobic power and capacity. However, these differences have not been investigated for a tethered 30-s maximal swimming test (TST). The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in land and pool-based assessments of anaerobic power (F(peak)) and capacity (F(mean)), as well as the influence of body composition. Thirteen males and fifteen females completed land (Wingate (WAnT)) and pool-based (TST) measures of anaerobic power and capacity previously described in the literature. Additionally, the subjects completed assessments of body composition via air displacement plethysmography. The males produced higher force than the females for F(peak) (p < 0.001) and F(mean) (p = 0.008) during the TST. However, linear regression analysis determined that lean mass significantly predicted F(peak) (p = 0.002) and F(mean) (p < 0.001) during the TST, while gender was no longer significant (p = 0.694 and p = 0.136, respectively). In conclusion, increases in anaerobic power and capacity (F(peak) and F(mean)) may be a function of increased lean mass in males and females, warranting future research on the impact of resistance training programs on force production and swimming performance

Dynamics of heart rate variability in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a negative impact on all organs. This is due to insufficiency of blood supply and the disruption of the trophic function of the nervous system. One of the most serious complication of DM is diabetic foot caused be vascular and neurological reasons. Correction of vascular disorders is effectively treated by modern therapeutic approaches, but the damage of nervous system has been studied insufficiently. Aims: To investigate the dynamics of damage to the vegetative nervous system on the laboratory model of DM. Materials and methods: DM in rats was induced by injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 65 mg/kg in citrate buffer (DM group). The control group of rats received a citrate buffer equivalent (CB group). Rats with DM were given a maintenance therapy with insulin in a dose of 2 units/kg/day. On 42 days of experience, a round wound with a diameter of 2 cm on the back of the animals was observed. Before the DM simulation, then on the 42, 50, 58 and 66 days of its development, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in the rats at a frequency of 2 kHz digitising in a state of calm wakefulness and after cold exposure. For 5 minutes ECG fragments, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in the temporal domain were calculated, characterising: 1) the total heart rate variability (tHRV) according to SDRR, SDHR, KVRR and KVHR; 2) the effect of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system (aANS) for RMSSD and pNN3; 3) the contribution of the sympathetic department of the ANS (sANS) by SDAvgRR, SDAvgHR. The spectral parameters were estimated in the frequency domain: the total power of the spectrum is TR (range: 0&ndash;2.5 Hz), the powers in the low and high frequency ranges are LF (range: 0.2&ndash;0.8 Hz) and HF (range: 0.8&ndash;2.5 Hz) LF/HF. Weekly, the tail withdrawal time was measured in a temperature pain test (55&deg;C). Results: During the development of diabetes, the level of glucose in the blood increased 4&ndash;7 times compared with the normal level. The reaction time of the pain test in rats with DM increased by 20%&ndash;30% at the end of the experiment. At 42 days, the development of bradycardia (267 beats/min) was observed in rats with DM. The indicators of tHRV decreased by a factor of 2 due to a decrease in the contribution of sANS. The reaction to CP in the SD group differs from the norm by the severity of the individual components of the HRV structure, which indicates functional denervation of the heart and the development of diabetic neuropathy. Conclusions: As the diabetes progressed, signs of neuropathy were observed. The overall HRV parameters decreased, the ratio of the contributions of sANS and pANS to the regulation of heart rate changed, and the temperature sensitivity decreased

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z niedrobnokomórkowym rakiem płuca - studium przypadku

StreszczenieWstęp: Główną przyczyną rozwoju raka płuca jest palenie papierosów. Dym tytoniowy składa się z prawie kilku tysięcy substancji chemicznych, z czego kilkadziesiąt to substancje rakotwórcze. Na raka płuca mogą zachorować osoby, które nigdy nie paliły, a były narażone na wdychanie dymu tytoniowego. Nowotwory złośliwe płuca, zwłaszcza rak niedrobnokomórkowy, rozwijają się bardzo wolno, charakterystyczne objawy występują przeważnie wtedy, gdy obecne są zmiany metastatyczne, czyli przerzutowe. Rokowanie chorych na pierwotne nowotwory płuca jest złe, dlatego należy dążyć do tego, aby ograniczyć ekspozycję na działanie dymu tytoniowego i innych szkodliwych czynników [1, 2].Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena sytuacji zdrowotnej, określenie problemów pielęgnacyjnych oraz zaplanowanie opieki nad pacjentem chorującym na niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca.Opis przypadku: W pracy przedstawiono 46-letniego pacjenta chorującego na niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca w zaawansowanym stadium, z przerzutami w obu płucach, wątrobie, nadnerczach, kościach i móżdżku oraz chorobami współistniejącymi: schizofrenią paranoidalną i toczniem rumieniowatym układowym. Uwzględniono funkcjonowanie chorego w sferze biologicznej, psychicznej oraz społecznej, które stanowią integralną całość.Wnioski:Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z niedrobnokomórkowym rakiem płuca o niepomyślnym rokowaniu, powinna być całościowa i uwzględniać sferę biologiczną, społeczną, psychiczną i duchową.

OPIEKA PIELĘGNIARSKA NAD PACJENTEM W TERMINALNEJ FAZIE RAKA PROSTATY – STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

Wprowadzenie.  Rak gruczołu krokowego najczęściej ma charakter gruczolakoraka. Czynnikami zwiększającymi prawdopodobieństwo zachorowania są predyspozycje rodzinne, dieta wysokotłuszczowa, mała aktywność fizyczna i rasa czarna. Ryzyko zachorowania na ten nowotwór wzrasta wraz z wiekiem. Rak prostaty jest drugą co do częstości przyczyną choroby nowotworowej u mężczyzn.Cel. Celem pracy była ocena sytuacji zdrowotnej, określenie problemów pielęgnacyjnych oraz zaplanowanie opieki nad pacjentem w terminalnym stadium raka prostaty.Opis przypadku. W pracy przedstawiono 72-letniego pacjenta chorującego na nowotwór złośliwy gruczołu krokowego w zaawansowanym stadium, z nefrostomią przezskórną, przewlekłą chorobą nerek w stadium 3, wtórną niedokrwistością, zakażeniami układu moczowego, hipofunkcją nerki prawej i odleżyną okolicy kości krzyżowej. Uwzględniono funkcje chorego w każdej sferze życia.Wnioski. Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem w terminalnej fazie raka prostaty powinna być całościowa i uwzględniać sferę biologiczną, społeczną, psychiczną i duchową

OPIEKA PIELĘGNIARSKA NAD PACJENTEM PO PRZEBYTYM ZAWALE SERCA I ANGIOPLASTYCE WIEŃCOWEJ- STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

W Polsce choroby układu krążenia są jedną z najważniejszych przyczyn zgonów. Leczenie pacjenta  opiera się głównie na udrożnieniu tętnicy dozawałowej za pomocą farmakoterapii bądź poprzez zastosowanie przezskórnych metod rewaskularyzacyjnych. Okres hospitalizacji po zabiegu wiąże się z wystąpieniem wielu problemów pielęgnacyjnych

Isoconversional kinetics of thermal oxidation of mesoporous silicon

Mesoporous silicon (pSi) has several interesting features that makes it suitable for various biomedical applications. In particular, the large surface area make it very sensitive to environment changes. Among other approaches, thermal oxidation is an effective way to passivate its surface. Herein, we present experimental and analytical results concerning kinetics of thermal oxidation reaction of pSi. The experiments were conducted on pSi powders produced from silicon wafer by anodization and converted to particles by sonication. Oxidation experiments were carried out at different heating rates. Structure and morphology of the samples have been investigated by XRD and SEM before and after thermal oxidation. The model-free kinetics proposed by Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) was used to determine the Arrhenius relationship for the pSi thermal oxidation. The obtained apparent activation energy by OFW was confirmed by Starink method. At low temperature, the oxidation of surface dangling bonds obeys the Avrami–Erofeev mechanism. At high temperature, oxidation is followed by classical bulk oxidation according to diffusion mechanism controlled by the diffusion of oxygen through the silicon dioxide layer on the surface of the pSi. The reaction mechanism was checked by the model fitting kinetics, which confirmed the reaction is a kind of sequential two-stage process, Avrami–Erofeev and 3D diffusion. Finally, differential thermal analysis suggests that the second oxidation step is also possibly affected by phase transformation of the silicon dioxide

Values and preferences influencing willingness to change red and processed meat consumption in response to evidence-based information : a mixed methods study

The aim of the study is (1) to assess the extent to which omnivores are willing to stop or reduce their consumption of red and processed meat in response to evidence-based information regarding the possible reduction of cancer mortality and incidence achieved by dietary modification; (2) to identify socio-demographic categories associated with higher willingness to change meat consumption and (3) to understand the motives facilitating and hindering such a change. During an initial computer-assisted web interview, respondents were presented with scenarios containing the estimates of the absolute risk reduction in overall cancer incidence and mortality tailored to their declared level of red and processed meat consumption. Respondents were asked whether they would stop or reduce their average meat consumption based on the information provided. Their dietary choices were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews to better understand the rationale for dietary practices and the perception of health information. The study was conducted among students and staff of three universities in Krakow, Poland. Most of the 513 respondents were unwilling to change their consumption habits. We found gender to be a significant predictor of the willingness. Finally, we identified four themes reflecting key motives that determined meat consumption preferences: the importance of taste and texture, health consciousness, the habitual nature of cooking and persistence of omnivorous habits. When faced with health information about the uncertain reduction in the risk of cancer mortality and incidence, the vast majority of study participants were unwilling to introduce changes in their consumption habits

Bridging the Chasm between Pregnancy and Health over the Life Course: A National Agenda for Research and Action

BackgroundMany pregnant people find no bridge to ongoing specialty or primary care after giving birth, even when clinical and social complications of pregnancy signal need. Black, indigenous, and all other women of color are especially harmed by fragmented care and access disparities, coupled with impacts of racism over the life course and in health care.MethodsWe launched the initiative "Bridging the Chasm between Pregnancy and Health across the Life Course" in 2018, bringing together patients, advocates, providers, researchers, policymakers, and systems innovators to create a National Agenda for Research and Action. We held a 2-day conference that blended storytelling, evidence analysis, and consensus building to identify key themes related to gaps in care and root causes of inequities. In 2019, more than 70 stakeholders joined six working groups to reach consensus on strategic priorities based on equity, innovation, effectiveness, and feasibility.FindingsWorking groups identified six key strategic areas for bridging the chasm. These include: 1) progress toward eliminating institutional and interpersonal racism and bias as a requirement for accreditation of health care institutions, 2) infrastructure support for community-based organizations, 3) extension of holistic team-based care to the postpartum year and beyond, with integration of doulas and community health workers on the team, 4) extension of Medicaid coverage and new quality and pay-for-performance metrics to link maternity care and primary care, 5) systems to preserve maternal narratives and data across providers, and 6) alignment of research with women's lived experiences.ConclusionsThe resulting agenda presents a path forward to remedy the structural chasms in women's health care, with key roles for advocates, policymakers, researchers, health care leaders, educators, and the media