A Tale of Two States: Abortion Referenda in the Aftermath of Dobbs

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the access to abortion that had been established with Roe v Wade. As a result, states had autonomy to make statewide policies on this issue. Some states chose complete bans, some partial bans, and others provided continuing access to abortion. This article explores the dueling referenda of 2022 and 2023 in Kentucky and Ohio, respectively, following the Dobbs decision in 2022. Voters in both states voted to continue to permit abortion access in their states, yet access in each state is different. Using case studies, we examine the political nuances and electoral aftermath of these referenda, and find a dichotomy behind how electoral decisions have influenced policy at the state level based on party control and political leadership

Broaching for Culturally Responsive Suicide Risk Assessment

Despite rising suicide rates and disparities in minoritized communities as well as calls from experts and community leaders to address cultural factors, most suicide risk assessment (SRA) approaches remain acultural. Counselors who use acultural SRA can cause harm by neglecting to address crucial factors that may heighten or protect clients from suicide risk. This article provides guidance for proactive and responsive broaching in SRA using the four dimensions of the Multidimensional Model of Broaching Behavior (DayVines et al., 2020). The model provides an overview of key concepts, explicit recommendations for counselors in diverse settings, and an illustrative case example. Concerns, limitations, and implications for counselors, supervisors, educators, and researchers are addressed

Male and Female Genital Modifications in Anthropological Perspective

The chapter discusses the origins, dissemination, and contemporary global distribution of cultural, heritage-based genital modification practices of females and males. These are performed as rites of passage; religious obligations; safeguards to virginity, chastity, and marriageability of girls; or group and gender identity. Male genital modification practices are unevenly distributed globally and originated multiple times in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Detailed accounts of the history of male circumcision in ancient Egypt and the Levant are provided as examples of the variations in practices and multiple origins, and male circumcision among Muslims in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere is covered. Female genital modifications were also known in antiquity and similarly originated multiple times in Africa, Asia, and possibly elsewhere, probably along with or following the establishment of male modifications. Female genital cutting is practiced by followers of several religions, and some Muslims believe it to be required or at least desirable in their faith. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the spread of male circumcision was further accelerated by medical promotion, in the belief that it contributed to disease prevention and morality. The World Health Organization’s current support for male infant circumcisions while at the same time promoting abolition of female genital cutting (with some exceptions) is discussed. The contentious ethical issue of whether it violates human rights to surgically alter the genitalia of infants or children, who are unable to provide informed consent, is also discussed

Where’d You Go, Ohio: Progressive Ohio Ballot Initiative Passage in a Republican Aligned State

Over the span of just three months, Ohio voters went to the polls to weigh in on three issues concerning the threshold needed to amend the state constitution, abortion, and marijuana. Despite being a Republican-leaning state – per an author’s calculations, its Cook’s Partisan Voter Index is R+6 – the more progressive position won all three votes handily. In August, the coalition supporting the status quo of requiring a simple majority to change the state constitution, a longheld progressive position, won 57.1% of the vote (“The New York Times,” 2023a). In November, voters approved a constitutional amendment to give individuals the “right to carry out one’s own reproductive decisions” by a 56.6% - 43.4% margin, as well as codifying the possession and use of marijuana for people 21-years-old and older by a 57% - 43% margin (“The New York Times,” 2023b). That the progressive position was undefeated in these measures is telling of how the outcome for single-issue ballot initiatives may not align with a state’s partisanship. Perhaps even more interesting is that the coalitions that formed to support these positions were overlapping, yet distinct, even in November when two issues were on the ballot at the same time and despite the similar margins of victory. This manuscript examines why and how the progressive side won these votes in the context of Ohio’s ongoing secular realignment, focusing specifically on the cosmopolitan – traditionalist spectrum, and discusses what these shifts mean for the state’s politics in the near future. We begin by defining the cosmopolitan versus traditionalist divide and place it in the context of the realignment literature. Then, we add context by outlining secular realignment in Ohio and its link to this divide. After that, we derive our hypotheses, namely, that the coalitions supporting each initiative are different and that these victories break down along cosmopolitan – traditionalist lines. After analyzing county-level data from the US Census Bureau, we run a variety of statistical models that demonstrate evidence in support of our hypotheses, finding not only that the cosmopolitan versus traditionalist divide played a key role in these outcomes, but that other factors, such as poverty and region, played subtle roles as well. We end the manuscript by discussing the broader implications of these findings and suggesting avenues for further research

Legal, Professional, and Ethical Issues in Identifying Bias in Artificial Intelligence-Based Personnel Selection

Although still in its infancy, the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) in personnel selection has sparked concerns regarding potential implications for bias, fairness, discrimination, and unethical decision-making. This article delves into the complex issue of AI-based personnel selection as it pertains to the preceding concerns, exploring key definitions, bias-assessment methodologies, legal frameworks, professional and government considerations, and ethical dilemmas unique to AI-based selection. The critical role of consulting and industrial-organizational psychologists in ensuring fairness, validity, and nondiscrimination in the selection process is emphasized. The need for transparency, informed consent, and a holistic consideration of diversity/validity in the design of AI-based selection systems is explored. The role of an applied independent auditor, impartial and objective, is discussed in the context of maintaining ethical standards and mitigating conflicts of interest in auditing AI-driven selection processes. Ultimately, this article underscores the multifaceted nature of managing AI-based selection, calling for interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical prudence, and ongoing scrutiny to ensure the responsible use of AI-based methodologies in personnel selection. What\u27s It Mean? Implications for Consulting Psychology Concerns exist that artificial intelligence- (AI-) powered hiring tools can perpetuate bias, potentially disadvantaging marginalized groups. Focusing on legal, ethical, and professional considerations, this article explores practical methods for identifying and mitigating bias within AI-based systems. It emphasizes the crucial role of consulting and industrial-organizational psychologists and human resource managers in ensuring responsible AI implementation for a fairer and more ethical workplace

Is Your Supply Chain Breaking Down? Call AAA for Resilience Assistance

Supply chain disruptions regularly interrupt the normal operations of organizations, impairing their financial, operational, and service performance. Therefore, organizations must develop capabilities to enhance their resilience–their ability to anticipate, overcome, and transform after disruptions. The literature proposes that agility, adaptability, and alignment (AAA capabilities) enhance long-term organizational success but does not explicitly link these AAA capabilities to resilience. Motivated by conversations with senior supply chain leaders, our research explores how organizations utilize practices, behaviors, and structures to build AAA capabilities in their pursuit of resilience over different phases of disruption. We use a grounded theory approach, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with supply chain executives. Our findings contribute to the supply chain resilience literature by (a) highlighting how distinct practices, behaviors, and structures support the development of distinct AAA capabilities, (b) demonstrating which AAA capabilities are most influential in enhancing resilience during specific phases of a disruption, and (c) illustrating how the AAA capabilities operate in a feedback loop to synergistically improve resilience over the lifecycle of a disruption

Simplified Classical Mechanics, (Second Edition): Gravity and the Conservation Laws

Simplified Classical Mechanics, Volume 2 (Second Edition): Gravity and conservation laws, picks up where Volume 1 ended. First, Newton’s universal law of gravitation is examined and the concept of the ‘gravitational field’ is introduced. Next, conserved quantities (i.e., quantities that do not change over time) are introduced and added to a repertoire of problem-solving strategies. Next, rotational motion is examined―instead of limiting one’s analysis to the motion of objects moving in a straight line, objects which rotate, spin, and tumble can now be analyzed. Finally, the volume concludes with a look forward to electricity and magnetism