DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS IN THE COMMUNITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A LITERATURE REVIEW

This study aimed to identify the determinant factors to mental health disorders in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guide was used in this study. The article search was conducted through PubMed, Proquest, Cambridge University Press, and SpringerLink by using the keywords “Determinant Factors” and “Mental Disorder” or “Mental Health” and COVID-19” or “Corona Virus Diseases 2019”. The articles were selected from the studies published from 2019 to 2021. According to the research results, younger people are three times more likely to experience mental disorders than older people. Women tend to experience mental disorders twice as much as men. People who are afraid of being infected are three times more likely to experience mental health problems than people who are not afraid of being infected. People with chronic diseases tend to experience health problems twice as much as people who do not have chronic diseases (OR 1.30-1.84). The results of this literature review can help nurses determine and control factors that affect mental health in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic and to achieve good outcomes in order to prevent more serious conditions due to COVID-19

Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) Application in Diverse Nursing Practice and Documentation Settings

Background: Effective communication in healthcare is crucial, and Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance nursing practice and documentation. However, disparities in SNL awareness and knowledge pose challenges to its effective implementation. This systematic review aims to synthesize research on SNL application in nursing practice across diverse settings, utilizing a comprehensive database search and predefined criteria for study selection.   Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted across databases like PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science. This systematic review adhered to the updated guidelines provided by PRISMA 2020. Three independent reviewers assessed study eligibility based on predefined criteria, resolving discrepancies through discussion. A narrative synthesis approach categorized and thematically analyzed the data, focusing on SNL's impact in diverse healthcare settings. Data was retrieved after the studies were subjected to quality assessment and risk of biases.   Results: The review included twelve studies spanning various healthcare systems and regions. While SNL demonstrated potential benefits, disparities in awareness, knowledge, and utilization were evident among participants. Challenges such as complex documentation processes and feasibility concerns were raised.   Conclusion: SNL plays a pivotal role in enhancing nursing practice, improving documentation, and facilitating effective communication. Addressing education gaps and providing ongoing training opportunities are essential to overcome implementation challenges. Collaboration among healthcare institutions, educators, and regulatory bodies is crucial to fully leveraging SNL's benefits for better patient care and healthcare outcomes

Efektivitas Penggunaan Nirs Bundle dan Double Skin Barrier Hydrocolloid terhadap Penurunan Nasal Injury pada Bayi Prematur dengan NCPAP

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using the NIRS Bundle and Double Skin Barrier Hydrocolloid to reduce nasal injury in premature infants using NCPAP. The method used is Quasy Experimental Design with Posttest-Only Control Design. The results showed that the p-value in the NIRS Bundle treatment group was p = 0.001 and p = 0.01 in the Double Hydrocolloid treatment. In conclusion, the NIRS Bundle intervention and the installation of Double Skin Barrier Hydrocolloid had a significant effect on reducing nasal injury in premature infants with NCPAP.  Keywords: Hydrocolloid, Nasal Injury, NCPAP, Neonate, NIRS Bundl

RISK FACTORS OF TRANSMISSION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW

Introduction: The transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in the world is still high, especially from the environment where children live and play. The purpose of this review was to analyze host and environmental factors for the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in children, based on empirical studies in the last 2 years. Methods: Search for journals or articles were used databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest and Pubmed. Journal search was conducted from April to October 2020. The PRISMA checklist was used to assess study feasibility. The framework used to review is PICOS and the inclusion criteria used are English-language journals published in 2019 to 2020, discussions related to transmission to children, and the population is children. The data collection was carried out by examining the title, abstract, full text and assessed methodology to determine the eligibility of the journal. Results: Thirty hundred journals have been identified, there are twelve journals that match the research criteria, the study explains the risk factors for the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children (n = 12). Research designs that are widely used to discuss factors associated with the transmission of COVID-19 in children are the Cohort studies, Case-report studies, Case Control, Survey studies, Observes Studies dan Mix method Discussion: Host factors that influence the incidence of COVID-19 in children are immunity, comorbidities, personal hygiene behavior and nutritional status. Children with low immunity and comorbid susceptibility to contracting the virus and will become severe when the child's nutritional status is poor. Conclusion: The environmental factor of the child tends to be transmitted in the child's home and play environment. It is necessary to implement health protocols and increase nutritional intake especially for children

EFFECT OF GARLIC TOWARD CHOLESTEROL LEVEL OF ELDERLY AT SUMENGKO VILLAGE, DISTRIC OF GRESIK

Introduction:High cholesterol level is a trigger of degenerative diseases for elder people. Several factors contribute to the increasing cholesterol level, including cholesterol metabolic process, especially cholesterol excretion process. Garlicas a cultivated herbal plant contains several compounds that can reduce cholesterol level such as dialyldisulfide, ajoene and allysin. This study was to analyze the effect of garlic consumption with 10 gram dose (once a day) and 15 gram dose (twice a day) as a comparative of cholesterol’s changing level and both may provide different effect for elderly. Method:This study used Quasy experiment design and samples were taken from the elderly who have cholesterol level >200mg/dl in Sumengko village District of Gresik. Independent variables was 10 gram dose and 15 gram dose garlic where filtered. The Dependent variable was cholesterol level. The Sampling technique was purposive sampling and patients who are willing to participate totaled 14 people, divided by 7 respondents in the treatment group (10 gram) and 7 respondents in the comparison group (15 gram). Result:Statistical result using T-paired test showed that there werea significant effect from consumption 10 gram garlic (once a day) p=0,01 but at the same time consumption 15 gram garlic (twice a day) didn’t give any different affect to influence of cholesterol level p=0,26. The result test which uses Independent Sample Test showed there was no significant differences between treatment group and comparing group in the cholesterol level. There was no significant difference between consumption 10 gram garlic (once a day) and 15 gram garlic (twice a day). Conclussion:Nurse may recomend 10 gram garlic consumption as a complementary theraphy for hipercholesterolemia treatment. For further study, it is important to explore the various method to serving garlic in order preserve essential component of the garliuc and also may having a better number of participants . Key words: elderly, garlic, cholesterol leve

Factors Correlated to Job Stress Among ICU Nurses

Introduction: Job stress is a major barrier to the attainment of safety, health, and wellness among nurses. Understanding factors job stress among nurses is very important to provide alternatives solution to ease the stress in the future. However, there are limited studies with respect to factors related to stress in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses particularly in Indonesian context. This study aimed to identify factors correlated to job stress among ICU nurse in three public hospitals. Methods: A correlational study was carried on ICU nurses who hands-on ICU nursing care. Data were collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistic and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the correlation between perceived job burden, working condition, quality of nursing work life, perceived organizational support, and stress among ICU nurses. Results: A total of 91 respondents (32 male and 59 female) were involved to the study comprises of two different educational backgrounds (59 Diploma III and 32 Bachelor degree). The statistical analysis using Pearson correlation found that workload (0.003), working condition (0.000), quality of nursing work life (0.000), perceived organizational support (0.000) significantly correlated to job stress among ICU nurses. Conclusion: All studied factors correlated to job stress among ICU nurses. All factors had moderate correlation with nurses’ job stress and working condition has highest strong correlation compare to the other factors. Its implies from the result that management of the hospital may provide more attention to job stress among nurses to maintain optimum performance to provide nursing care for patients particularly critically ill patients in ICU

FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPLIANCE OF MYANMAR NURSES IN PERFORMING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Exposure to pathogens is a serious issue for nurses. The literature explains that standard precautions have not been taken consistently in nursing. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors affecting the compliance of nurses in Myanmar in taking standard precautions. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Samples included 34 nurses in Waibagi Specialist Hospital (SHW), Myanmar. The independent variables were the characteristics of nurses, knowledge of standard precaution, and exposure to blood/body fluids and needle puncture wounds. The dependent variable was the performance of standard prevention. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that almost respondents (91.18%) had a good knowledge of prevention standards and 73.5% of respondents had good adherence in taking standard precautions. However, in practice, nurses have not been consistent in closing the needles that have been used correctly. The results showed that nurse characteristics did not significantly affect adherence to standard precautions with statistical test results as follows: age (p = 0.97), gender (p = 1.00), religion (p = 0.72), education (p = 0.85), work experience at SHW (p = 0. 84), education training program (p = 0.71), knowledge (p = 0.76), and needle stick injury (p = 0,17). But, there was a significant influence between adherence to standard precautions and the incidence of injury due to needle puncture with p-value = 0.01. Discussion: The barriers to applying standard precautions by Myanmar nurses can be reduced by providing basic training, supervision, and improvement of standard operational procedures

IMPROVING COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARD PRECAUTIONS AMONG MYANMAR NURSES USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

Introduction: Healthcare workers are at risk of widespread exposure to pathogens. But among those nurses are the most affected. Relevant literature reports that, compliance with Standard Precaution (a set of guidelines that can be reduced the risk of exposure to pathogens) is inconsistent among nurses. The objective of this study was to improve compliance with Standard Precautions among Myanmar nurses in Specialist Hospital Waibagi (SHW), Myanmar using Health Belief Model (HBM). Method: A cross-sectional study design and focus group discussions were used to gather in-depth information directly. Thirty-four nurses out of 35 nurses from SHW were involved in this study. They helped to elicit nurses' perception on improving compliance with Standard Precaution. Health Belief Model was used as the theoretical framework and the data were analyzed according to predetermined criteria. Result: The results revealed that although almost three forth (73.5%) of participants had good compliance eye wearing and recapping needle practices were needed to be improved. The study showed that perceived Susceptibility (p = 0.04), perceived benets (p = 0.03), perceived barriers (p = 0.04) was signicant. But perceived seriousness on compliance with Standard Precaution (p = 0.14) with p value ≤ 0.05 was not signicant. Conclusion: Provision of regular nursing education, both in the form of human and material resources in quality and quantity, and reducing identied barriers would improve compliance with Standard Precaution

BUAH APEL (ROMEBEAUTY) MENURUNKAN KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction: The number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in year 2001 was 5.6 million. In the year 2020, it is expected to reach 8.2 million. The diet of DM patients in Pulorejo village comprised low calorie, sugar free, and low fiber diet. Fiber consumed by these patients was taken from vegetables and banana. Unfortunately, the use of such diet keep the patient's blood sugar level remains increasing. The content of water-soluble fiber (pectin) in apple is higher and is able to reduce blood sugar level. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of  apple consumption on blood sugar level. Method: This study was used a quasy-experimental pre-post test purposive sampling design. Samples who met to the inclusion criteria were 14 persons divided into treatment and  control group. Data were analyzed by using Paired t-Test  (α=0.05) and Independent t-Test  (α=0.05). Result: The result showed that there was an effect of apple consumption on blood sugar level with Paired t-Test (p=0.000) for blood glucose level before and after intervention in treatment group, and (p=0.100) for blood glucose level before and after intervention in control group. The results of Independent t-Test revealed p=0.000 for blood glucose level after intervention in treatment and control groups. Discussion:  It’s can be concluded that there was an effect of apple consumption on blood sugar level in DM patients. The apple should be given in the best dose that can reduce blood sugar level, which is 2 x 150 g. The result of this study can be considered in as a material for diet promotion for the patients. Further studies should be developed to measure the variables of stress and sex of the patients