Atık Lastik ve Cam Lif ile Modifiye Edilmiş Bitümün Asfalt Betonu Performansına Etkileri

The increase in industrial wastes left to nature together with the advancing technology causes serious harm both to the environment and to human health.The quantity of waste materials increase by time and storing getting difficult. In recent years, research has been conducted on the reusability of waste materials incivil engineering works. The use of wastes as recycling material is used as a contribution in the content of bitumen which constitutes a great majority of the cost of asphalt concrete in road constructions as well as in many areas. In this study, the effects of modified bitumen containing waste rubber and glass fiber on the performance characteristics of asphalt concrete were examined at certain ratios. By using the modified bitumen with these materials, specimens were obtained with Marshall design and the results were evaluated. When the test results are examined; It was observed that the modified specimens had a smaller amount of Marshall stability. However, all specimens meet the required standard conditions. In this way, both environmental wastes are evaluated and sustainable life is ensured.Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte doğaya bırakılan endüstriyel atıklardaki artış hem çevreye hem de insan sağlığına ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Atık malzemelerin miktarları her geçen gün artmaktadır ve depolanacağı alanlar sınırlıdır. Günümüzde bazı atık malzemelerin inşaat sektöründe kullanılabilirliği ve geri kazanımı konusunda çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir. Atıkların geri dönüşüm malzemesi olarak kullanılması birçok alanda olduğu gibi yol inşaatlarında da asfalt betonunun maliyetinin büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan bitümün içeriğinde katkı olarak kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, belli oranlarda atık lastik ve cam lif içeren modifiye bitümün asfalt betonunun performans özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu malzemeler ile modifiye edilen bitüm kullanılarak Marshall tasarımıyla numuneler elde edilmiştir ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Deney sonuçları incelendiğinde; modifiye edilmiş numenelerin Marshall dayanımlarının küçük miktarda azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Ancak tüm numuneler gerekli standart koşulları sağlamaktadır. Bu şekilde hem çevresel atıklar değerlendirilmekte hem de sürdürülebilir yaşam sağlanmaktadır

On the Collisional Damping of Giant Dipole Resonance

Collisional damping widths of giant dipole excitations are calculated in Thomas-Fermi approximation by employing the microscopic in-medium cross-sections of Li and Machleidt and the phenomenological Gogny force. The results obtained in both calculations compare well, but account for about 25-35% of the observed widths in $^{120}Sn$ and $^{208}Pb$ at finite temperatures.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 4 figure

Application of computational intelligence methods for the automated identification of paper-ink samples based on LIBS

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an important analysis technique with applications in many industrial branches and fields of scientific research. Nowadays, the advantages of LIBS are impaired by the main drawback in the interpretation of obtained spectra and identification of observed spectral lines. This procedure is highly time-consuming since it is essentially based on the comparison of lines present in the spectrum with the literature database. This paper proposes the use of various computational intelligence methods to develop a reliable and fast classification of quasi-destructively acquired LIBS spectra into a set of predefined classes. We focus on a specific problem of classification of paper-ink samples into 30 separate, predefined classes. For each of 30 classes (10 pens of each of 5 ink types combined with 10 sheets of 5 paper types plus empty pages), 100 LIBS spectra are collected. Four variants of preprocessing, seven classifiers (decision trees, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, probabilistic neural network, multi-layer perceptron, and generalized regression neural network), 5-fold stratified cross-validation, and a test on an independent set (for methods evaluation) scenarios are employed. Our developed system yielded an accuracy of 99.08%, obtained using the random forest classifier. Our results clearly demonstrates that machine learning methods can be used to identify the paper-ink samples based on LIBS reliably at a faster rate

The Effect of Pulsatile and Non-Pulsatile Extra Corporeal Perfusion on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Patients (Flow Type On Cerebral Oxygenatıon)

Aim:The flow type generated by a heart-lung machine is important in cardiopulmonary bypass. The use of pulsatile flow versus non-pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass has been a controversy among clinicians. We compared the effect of non-pulsatile and pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral oxygenation.Materials and Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of 50 adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our university hospital, with near infrared spectroscopy used to compare differences in cerebral oxygenation between the pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow type.Results:There was no difference between the effect of pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow on the saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), nor on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2). The near infrared spectroscopy results were not different between the two flow types.Conclusion:There was no effect of the flow type generated by a heart-lung machine (pulsatile or non-pulsatile) on cerebral oxygenation in adult patients

The Co-existence of the Gastrocnemius Tertius and Accessory Soleus Muscles

A bilateral gastrocnemius tertius muscle and a unilateral accessory soleus muscle were encountered during the routine educational dissection studies. The right gastrocnemius tertius muscle consisted of one belly, but the left one of two bellies. On the left side, the superficial belly of the gastrocnemius tertius muscle had its origin from an area just above the tendon of the plantaris muscle, the deep belly from the tendon of the plantaris muscle. The accessory soleus muscle originated from the posteromedial aspect of the tibia and soleal line of the tibia and inserted to the medial surface of the calcaneus. On the right side, the gastrocnemius tertius muscle had its origin from the lateral condyle of the femur, and inserted to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The co-existence of both gastrocnemius tertius and accessory soleus muscle has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported

Texture Classification System Based on 2D-DOST Feature Extraction Method and LS-SVM Classifier

In this paper, a new 2D-DOST (Two-Dimensional Discrete Orthonormal Stockwell Transform) and LS-SVM (Least Squares Support Vector Machines) based classifier system is proposed for classification of texture images. The proposed system contains two main stages. These stages are feature extraction and classification. In the feature extraction stage, the distinguishing feature vectors which represent descriptive features of texture images are obtained by using a 2D-DOST based feature extraction method. In the classification stage, the texture images are classified by the LS-SVM since this classifier has high success rate and accuracy. The training of LS-SVM is performed on the distinguishing feature vector of each texture component. Texture samples are recognized by the test data applied to the input of trained LS-SVM classifier. Performance evaluations of the proposed method are carried on different datasets obtained from sub-images. These datasets include both the normal texture images and noise added images. Sub-images into datasets are derived from Brodatz and Kylberg texture images database. Gaussian and Salt & Pepper noise with different levels are used for creating noisy datasets. According to the study results, the proposed 2D-DOST and LS-SVM based classifier has a capability of classifying texture images with high success rate and noise robustness