Η Ελλάδα ως προορισμός Άμεσων Ξένων Επενδύσεων

Σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να κατανοήσουμε ότι οι ανεπτυγμένες οικονομίες όπως η Ελλάδα, είναι ικανές να εξελιχθούν μακροχρόνια, εφόσον είναι σε θέση να αντιληφθούν τα συγκριτικά τους πλεονεκτήματα και να προσαρμόσουν το ευρύτερο εξωτερικό και εσωτερικό περιβάλλον τους βασισμένα σε αυτά, ώστε να είναι σε θέση να προσελκύσουν άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις (ΑΞΕ). Αρχικά, παρουσιάζονται σε θεωρητική βάση οι ορισμοί όπως έχουν ειπωθεί από παγκόσμιους φορείς και από διακεκριμένους οικονομολόγους και οι κατηγορίες των ΑΞΕ, που παρατηρούνται στο επενδυτικό περιβάλλον και πως επιδρούν στις χώρες υποδοχής. Επίσης, τέθηκε το γενικό πλαίσιο συνθηκών και πολιτικών που είναι ικανές να προσελκύσουν τις ΑΞΕ σε μια χώρα. Αφού παρατέθηκαν οι ορισμοί των ΑΞΕ και καταγράφηκαν τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα τους στις χώρες υποδοχής, Εξετάστηκε η πολιτική και οικονομική στρατηγική που ακολουθεί το ελληνικό κράτος και το κατάλληλο επενδυτικό σχέδιο με τα απαραίτητα κίνητρα, που έχει θεσπίσει για την προσέλκυση ΑΞΕ στην χώρα μας. Κατέστη αναγκαίο λοιπόν, να μελετηθούν τα κίνητρα και οι πολιτικές αυτές ώστε να επιτευχθεί το συγκεκριμένο εγχείρημα. Προκειμένου, να αναλυθεί το επενδυτικό σχέδιο που πρέπει να ακολουθήσει η Ελλάδα, έπρεπε να γίνει μια αναφορά στη διαχρονική εξέλιξη εισροών ΑΞΕ στην χώρα, δηλαδή πότε παρατηρήθηκαν οι πρώτες εισροές ΑΞΕ και πως εξελίχθηκαν ανά τα χρόνια. Έπειτα έγινε καταγραφή των χωρών απ’ όπου προέρχονται οι ΑΞΕ και σύγκριση των εισροών ΑΞΕ μεταξύ Ελλάδας και χωρών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης τις μορφές, καθώς και χωρική κατανομή των ΑΞΕ, δηλαδή σε ποιες γεωγραφικές περιοχές συναντώνται και για ποιον λόγο δραστηριοποιούνται σε αυτές. Τέλος, κατανοώντας τη συνολική εικόνα των ΑΞΕ στην Ελλάδα, παρατίθεται η άποψή μας και καταλήγουμε σε χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα, για τις αλλαγές που πρέπει να πραγματοποιηθούν, με σκοπό η Ελλάδα να γίνει πιο ελκυστική σε ξένες επενδύσεις.The purpose of this specific diplomatic work is to understand that developed economies such as Greece are capable of long-term development, as long as they are able to perceive their comparative advantages and adapt their wider external and internal environment based on them, so that they are in position to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). Initially, the definitions as stated by global bodies and distinguished economists and the categories of FDI, which are observed in the investment environment and how they affect the host countries, are presented on a theoretical basis. Also, the general framework of conditions and policies capable of attracting FDI to a country was set. After listing the definitions of FDI and listing their advantages and disadvantages in the host countries, the political and economic strategy followed by the Greek state and the appropriate investment plan with the necessary incentives, which it has established to attract FDI to our country, were examined. It therefore became necessary to study these motivations and policies in order to achieve the specific project. In order to analyze the investment plan that Greece must follow, a reference had to be made to the long-term development of FDI inflows in the country, i.e. when the first FDI inflows were observed and how they evolved over the years. Then there was a record of the countries from which FDI originates and a comparison of FDI inflows between Greece and countries of the European Union, the forms, as well as the spatial distribution of FDI, i.e. in which geographical areas they are found and why they are active in them. Finally, understanding the overall picture of FDI in Greece, we present our point of view and come to useful conclusions about the changes that must be made, in order to make Greece more attractive to foreign investments

Impact of Mesh Use on Morbidity Following Ventral Hernia Repair With a Simultaneous Bowel Resection

Objective: To evaluate the impact of mesh use on outcomes following ventral hernia repairs and simultaneous bowel resection. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Teaching academic hospital. Patients: We studied 177 patients who underwent a ventral hernia repair with a bowel resection between May 1, 1992, and May 30, 2007. A prosthesis was used in 51 repairs (mesh group), while 126 repairs were primary (mesh-free group). Main Outcome Measures: Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, mesh type, bowel resection type (colon vs small bowel), defect size, drain use, and length of hospital stay were compared between groups with Fisher exact test and multivariate analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between patient characteristics and relevant comorbidities. The incidence of postoperative infection (superficial or deep) was 22% in the mesh group vs 5% in the mesh-free group (P = .001). Other complications (fistula, seroma, hematoma, bowel obstruction) occurred in 24% of patients in the mesh group vs 8% of patients in the mesh-free group (P = .009). Focusing on the patients who developed an infection, prosthetic mesh use was the only significant risk factor on multivariate regression analysis, irrespective of drain use, defect size, and type of bowel resection. Conclusions: We recommend caution in using mesh when performing a ventral hernia repair with a simultaneous bowel resection because of significantly increased postoperative infectious complications. Drain use, defect size, and bowel resection type did not influence outcomes

Minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: An analysis from the U.S. neuroendocrine tumor study group

BackgroundTo determine shortâ and longâ term oncologic outcomes after minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET).MethodsThe data of the patients who underwent curative MIDP or ODP for pNET between 2000 and 2016 were collected from a multiâ institutional database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to generate 1:1 matched patients with MIDP and ODP.ResultsA total of 576 patients undergoing curative DP for pNET were included. Two hundred and fourteen (37.2%) patients underwent MIDP, whereas 362 (62.8%) underwent ODP. MIDP was increasingly performed over time (2000â 2004: 9.3% vs 2013â 2016: 54.8%; Pâ <â 0.01). In the matched cohort (nâ =â 141 in each group), patients who underwent MIDP had less blood loss (median, 100 vs 200â mL, Pâ <â 0.001), lower incidence of Clavienâ Dindoâ â ¥â III complications (12.1% vs 24.8%, Pâ =â 0.026), and a shorter hospital stay versus ODP (median, 4 versus 7 days, Pâ =â 0.026). Patients who underwent MIDP had a lower incidence of recurrence (5â year cumulative recurrence, 10.1% vs 31.1%, Pâ <â 0.001), yet equivalent overall survival (OS) rate (5â year OS, 92.1% vs 90.9%, Pâ =â 0.550) compared with patients who underwent OPD.ConclusionPatients undergoing MIDP over ODP in the treatment of pNET had comparable oncologic surgical metrics, as well as similar longâ term OS.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150595/1/jso25481_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150595/2/jso25481.pd

2017 update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias may be associated with worsen outcome and a significant rate of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on management of complicated abdominal hernias. The main matter of debate is about the use of mesh in case of intestinal resection and the type of mesh to be used. Wound infection is the most common complication encountered and represents an immense burden especially in the presence of a mesh. The recurrence rate is an important topic that influences the final outcome. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference was held in Bergamo in July 2013 with the aim to define recommendations for emergency repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults. This document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference approved by a WSES expert panel. In 2016, the guidelines have been revised and updated according to the most recent available literature.Peer reviewe

WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Peer reviewe