Superscaling analysis of the Coulomb Sum Rule in quasielastic electron-nucleus scattering

The Coulomb sum rule for inclusive quasielastic electron scattering in $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca and $^{56}$Fe is analyzed based on scaling and superscaling properties. Results obtained in the relativistic impulse approximation with various descriptions of the final state interactions are shown. A comparison with experimental data measured at Bates and Saclay is provided. The theoretical description based on strong scalar and vector terms present in the relativistic mean field, which has been shown to reproduce the experimental asymmetric superscaling function, leads to results that are in fair agreement with Bates data while it sizeably overestimates Saclay data. We find that the Coulomb sum rule for a momentum transfer $q\geq 500$ $MeV/c$ saturates to a value close to 0.9, being very similar for the three nuclear systems considered. This is in accordance with Bates data, which indicates that these show no significative quenching in the longitudinal response.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Phys. Lett.

Precipitation of powerful antioxidant nanoparticles from orange leaves by means of supercritical CO2

Se ha llevado a cabo un amplio estudio en el que se ha utilizado CO2 como disolvente y antisolvente para apreciar las hojas de naranjo como fuente de potentes nanopartículas antioxidantes. En el primer caso, las hojas se procesaron directamente para obtener partículas del rango nanométrico o micrométrico. En el segundo caso, se realizó una extracción etanólica convencional de las hojas de naranjo antes de someterlas a condiciones supercríticas para extraer las partículas con alta actividad antioxidante. Así, se estudiaron diferentes niveles de presión (80-300 bar), temperatura (40-100 °C) y concentración de extracto líquido (10-42 mg/mL). Cuando se utilizó CO2 como disolvente, se precipitaron aglomerados con baja actividad antioxidante. Se requirieron mayores niveles de presión y temperatura para obtener la precipitación del polvo. Sin embargo, cuando se utilizó CO2 como antisolvente, precipitaron polifenoles con alta actividad antioxidante (3-4,65) en el rango nanométrico (60-73 nm). La eficacia del proceso se determinó por la relación de concentración de compuestos antioxidantes del extracto. La presión del recipiente fue la variable que más influyó en el tamaño de las partículas y la actividad antioxidante. El menor tamaño de partícula y el mayor rendimiento del precipitado se obtuvieron a alta presión y baja temperatura.An extensive study has been carried out where CO2 has been used both as solvent and antisolvent to appreciate orange leaves as a source of powerful antioxidant nanoparticles. In the former case, the leaves were processed directly to yield particles in the nano or micrometer range. In the latter case, a conventional ethanolic extraction of orange leaves was carried out before the orange leaves were subjected to supercritical conditions to extract the particles with high antioxidant activity. Thus, different pressure (80-300 bar), temperature (40-100 °C) and liquid extract concentration (10-42 mg/mL) levels were studied. When CO2 was used as the solvent, agglomerates with low antioxidant activity precipitated. Higher pressure and temperature levels were required to obtain powder precipitation. However, when CO2 was used as the antisolvent, polyphenols with high antioxidant activity (3-4.65) in the nanometer range (60-73 nm) would precipitate. The efficiency of the process was determined by the antioxidant compound concentration ratio of the extract. Vessel pressure was the main influencing variable with regards to impact on particle size and antioxidant activity. The smallest particle size and greatest precipitate yields were obtained at high pressure and low temperature

Larval fish dispersal in a coral-reef seascape

Free to read at publisher's site. Larval dispersal is a critical yet enigmatic process in the persistence and productivity of marine metapopulations. Empirical data on larval dispersal remain scarce, hindering the use of spatial management tools in efforts to sustain ocean biodiversity and fisheries. Here we document dispersal among subpopulations of clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus) from eight sites across a large seascape (10,000 km(2)) in Papua New Guinea across 2 years. Dispersal of clownfish was consistent between years, with mean observed dispersal distances of 15 km and 10 km in 2009 and 2011, respectively. A Laplacian statistical distribution (the dispersal kernel) predicted a mean dispersal distance of 13-19 km, with 90% of settlement occurring within 31-43 km. Mean dispersal distances were considerably greater (43-64 km) for butterfly-fish, with kernels declining only gradually from spawning locations. We demonstrate that dispersal can be measured on spatial scales sufficient to inform the design of and test the performance of marine reserve networks

[Accepted Manuscript] Comparison of Propensity Score Methods and Covariate Adjustment: Evaluation in 4 Cardiovascular Studies.

Propensity scores (PS) are an increasingly popular method to adjust for confounding in observational studies. Propensity score methods have theoretical advantages over conventional covariate adjustment, but their relative performance in real-word scenarios is poorly characterized. We used datasets from 4 large-scale cardiovascular observational studies (PROMETHEUS, ADAPT-DES [the Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy with Drug-Eluting Stents], THIN [The Health Improvement Network], and CHARM [Candesartan in Heart Failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity]) to compare the performance of conventional covariate adjustment with 4 common PS methods: matching, stratification, inverse probability weighting, and use of PS as a covariate. We found that stratification performed poorly with few outcome events, and inverse probability weighting gave imprecise estimates of treatment effect and undue influence to a small number of observations when substantial confounding was present. Covariate adjustment and matching performed well in all of our examples, although matching tended to give less precise estimates in some cases. PS methods are not necessarily superior to conventional covariate adjustment, and care should be taken to select the most suitable method

Proton propagation in nuclei studied in the (e,e’p) reaction

Proton propagation in nuclei was studied using the (e,e’p) reaction in the quasifree region. The coincidence (e,e’p) cross sections were measured at an electron angle of 50.4° and proton angles of 50.1°, 58.2°, 67.9°, and 72.9° for 12C, 27Al, 58Ni, and 181Ta targets at a beam energy of 779.5 MeV. The average outgoing proton energy was 180 MeV. The ratio of the (e,e’p) yield to the simultaneously measured (e,e’) yield was compared to that calculated in the plane-wave impulse approximation and an experimental transmission defined. These experimental transmissions are considerably larger (a factor of ∼2 for 181Ta) than those one would calculate from the free N-N cross sections folded into the nuclear density distribution. A new calculation that includes medium effects (N-N correlations, density dependence of the N-N cross sections and Pauli suppression) accounts for this increase

Determination of the Deep Inelastic Contribution to the Generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Proton and Neutron

The virtual photon absorption cross section differences [sigma_1/2-sigma_3/2] for the proton and neutron have been determined from measurements of polarised cross section asymmetries in deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV longitudinally polarised positrons from polarised 1H and 3He internal gas targets. The data were collected in the region above the nucleon resonances in the kinematic range nu < 23.5 GeV and 0.8 GeV**2 < Q**2 < 12 GeV**2. For the proton the contribution to the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral was found to be substantial and must be included for an accurate determination of the full integral. Furthermore the data are consistent with a QCD next-to-leading order fit based on previous deep inelastic scattering data. Therefore higher twist effects do not appear significant.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, revte

La longue séquence pliocène de Marchésieux - Résultats analytiques et premiers résultats

National audienceLe sondage intégralement carotté de Marchésieux a permis d'atteindre l'objectif fixé dans le projet AR42 du BRGM : l'analyse paléoclimatique du premier épisode glaciaire de l'hémisphère nord (Prétiglien, -2,4 Ma) et probablement le premier rafraîchissement de -3,1 Ma. Les 159,3 m de sédiments datés du Reuvérien et du Prétiglien ont déjà livré une quantité importante d'informations aussi bien climatiques que paléoenvironnementales. De par sa position géographique privilégiée et de par son environnement côtier, la "Longue sequence" de Marchésieux a précisé les modalités de la séquence de dégradation climatique en milieu continental et marin à nos latitudes moyennes. La méthodologie fortement pluridisciplinaire, le plus souvent il très haute résolution, permet d'affiner notablement les modalités de la réponse de chaque environnement au changement climatique, et apparaît, en ce sens, beaucoup plus riche que les études monodisciplinaires classiques. Ainsi, les réponses zoologiques, phytosociologiques, sedimentologiques et géochimiques au stimulus climatique externe peuvent être comparées et calibrées

Measurement of the Proton Spin Structure Function g1p with a Pure Hydrogen Target

A measurement of the proton spin structure function g1p(x,Q^2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The kinematic range is 0.021<x<0.85 and 0.8 GeV^2<Q^2<20 GeV^2. The integral Int_{0.021}^{0.85} g1p(x)dx evaluated at Q0^2 of 2.5 GeV^2 is 0.122+/-0.003(stat.)+/-0.010(syst.).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX late