Simple morbid anatomical studies of the human stomach: an analysis of 78 cases

This work deals with the morbid - anatomical examination of 72 autopsy and 4 gastrectomy stomachs, all formalin- fixed.The specimens were fixed according to Magnus' rulings within a very short time of death.The stomachs are divided into 5 histological grades according to their health or disease.It is shown that the severity of "chronic gastritis" tends to increase with age, although it is pointed out that there are exceptions to this statement.Proof of the existence of physiological ageing of the stomach was not found.A correlation was attempted between the incidence and severity of chronic gastritis on the one hand and infection, uraemia and other factors on the other. Uraemia was constantly associated with chronic gastritis, often of severe degree. Severe chronic infections were often associated with severe chronic gastritis but sometimes such infections were associated with an almost normal gastric mucosa.Ulceration of the stomach was found in 15% of the adult cases. The average age of the patients was 67 and the ulcers were undiagnosed during life.Erosions were discovered in 30% of all stomachs exclusive of foetal stomachs.The pathogenesis of erosions and ulcers is briefly discussed. it is suggested that a vascular origin for erosions and ulcers is commoner than has frequently been supposed. This is supported by the common finding of haemorrhage in the mucosa and of all grades of erosion between 'pure' haemorrhagic erosions and typical miniature ulcers.Reference is made to particular cells of the inflamed mucosa and to 5 stomachs of particular interest

VLA observations of a sample of galaxies with high far-infrared luminosities

Preliminary results are presented from a radio survey of galaxies detected by the IRAS minisurvey. It was found that the main difference between galaxies selected in the far infrared and those selected in the optical is that the former have higher radio luminosities and that the radio emission is more centrally concentrated. There is some evidence that the strong central radio sources in the galaxies selected in the infrared are due to star formation, the star formation rate divided by the volume in which the star formation is occuring is 100 to 1000 times greater in the galaxies selected in the infrared than in the disks of normal galaxies

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MICROVILLI IN THE EPITHELIUM OF SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE OF MICE

A comparative analysis of the fine structure of the microvilli on jejunal and colonic epithelial cells of the mouse intestine has been made. The microvilli in these two locations demonstrate a remarkably similar fine structure with respect to the thickness of the plasma membrane, the extent of the filament-free zone, and the characteristics of the microfilaments situated within the microvillous core. Some of the core microfilaments appear to continue across the plasma membrane limiting the tip of the microvillus. The main difference between the microvilli of small intestine and colon is in the extent and organization of the surface coat. In the small intestine, in addition to the commonly observed thin surface "fuzz," occasional areas of the jejunal villus show a more conspicuous surface coat covering the tips of the microvilli. Evidence has been put forward which indicates that the surface coat is an integral part of the epithelial cells. In contrast to the jejunal epithelium, the colonic epithelium is endowed with a thicker surface coat. Variations in the organization of the surface coat at different levels of the colonic crypts have also been noted. The functional significance of these variations in the surface coat is discussed

Vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device

OBJECTIVES: To describe a new surgical procedure for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device (VSD) and to report the results of surgery. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Two tertiary referral Urogynaecology practices. POPULATION: Ninety-five women with International Continence Society pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage 2 or more pelvic organ prolapse who underwent vaginal surgery using mesh augmentation and a VSD. METHODS: Surgery involved a vaginal approach with mesh reinforcement and placement of a VSD for 4 weeks. At 6 and 12 months, women were examined for prolapse recurrence, and visual analogue scales for satisfaction were completed. Women completed quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Objective success of surgery at 6 and 12 months following surgery. Secondary outcomes were subjective success, complications, QOL outcomes and patients' satisfaction. RESULTS: Objective success rate was 92 and 85% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Subjective success rate was 91 and 87% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. New prolapse in nonrepaired compartments accounted for 7 of 12 (58%) failures at 12 months. Two of 4 mesh exposures required surgery. Sexual dysfunction was reported by 58% of sexually active women preoperatively and 23% at 12 months. QOL scores significantly improved at 12 months compared with baseline (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Vaginal surgery using mesh and a VSD is an effective procedure for pelvic organ prolapse. However, further studies are required to establish the role of the surgery described in this study

High-Resolution Continuum Imaging at 1.3 and 0.7 cm of the W3 IRS 5 Region

High-resolution images of the hypercompact HII regions (HCHII) in W3 IRS 5 taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are presented. Four HCHII regions were detected with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios to allow the determination of relevant parameters such as source position, size and flux density. The sources are slightly extended in our ~0.2 arcsecond beams; the deconvolved radii are less than 240 AU. A comparison of our data with VLA images taken at epoch 1989.1 shows proper motions for sources IRS 5a and IRS 5f. Between 1989.1 and 2002.5, we find a proper motion of 210 mas at a position angle of 12 deg for IRS 5f and a proper motion of 190 mas at a position angle of 50 deg for IRS 5a. At the assumed distance to W3 IRS 5, 1.83 +/- 0.14 kpc, these offsets translate to proper motions of ~135 km/s and ~122 km/s$ respectively. These sources are either shock ionized gas in an outflow or ionized gas ejected from high mass stars. We find no change in the positions of IRS 5d1/d2 and IRS 5b; and we show through a comparison with archival NICMOS 2.2 micron images that these two radio sources coincide with the infrared double constituting W3 IRS 5. These sources contain B or perhaps O stars. The flux densities of the four sources have changed compared to the epoch 1989.1 results. In our epoch 2002.5 data, none of the spectral indicies obtained from flux densities at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are consistent with optically thin free-free emission; IRS 5d1/d2 shows the largest increase in flux density from 1.3 cm to 0.7 cm. This may be an indication of free-free optical depth within an ionized wind, a photoevaporating disk, or an accretion flow. It is less likely that this increase is caused by dust emission at 0.7 cm.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures To be published in The Astrophysical Journa

High Resolution Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Pistol Nebula: Evidence for Ejection

We present new NICMOS/HST infrared images and CGS4/UKIRT Br-alpha (4.05 um) spectroscopy of the Pistol Star and its associated nebula, finding strong evidence to support the hypothesis that the Pistol Nebula was ejected from the Pistol Star. The Pa-alpha NICMOS image shows that the nebula completely surrounds the Pistol Star, although the line intensity is much stronger on its northern and western edges. The Br-alpha spectra show the classical ring-like signature of quasi-spherical expansion, with weak blueshifted emission (V_max approx -60 km/s) and strong redshifted emission (V_max approx +10 km/s), where the velocities are with respect to the velocity of the Pistol Star; further, the redshifted emission appears to be "flattened" in the position-velocity diagram. These data suggest that the nebula was ejected from the star several thousand years ago, with a velocity between the current terminal velocity of the stellar wind (95 km/s) and the present expansion velocity of gas in the outer shell of the nebula (60 km/s). The Pa-alpha image reveals several emission-line stars in the region, including two newly-identified emission-line stars north of the Pistol Star with spectral types earlier than WC8 (T_eff > 50,000 K). The presence of these stars, the morphology of the Pa-alpha emission, and the velocity field in the gas suggest that the side of the nebula furthest from us is approaching, and being ionized by, the hot stars of the Quintuplet, and that the highest velocity redshifted gas has been decelerated by winds from the Quintuplet stars. We also discuss the possibility that the nebular gas might be magnetically confined by the ambient magnetic field delineated by the nearby nonthermal filaments.Comment: Figure 1 is included as a JPG file. Figure 1 and 2 also available at ftp://quintup.astro.ucla.edu/pistol2

A LOFAR mini-survey for low-frequency radio emission from the nearest brown dwarfs

We have conducted a mini-survey for low-frequency radio emission from some of the closest brown dwarfs to the Sun with rapid rotation rates: SIMP J013656.5 +093347, WISEPC 150649.97+702736.0, and WISEPA J174124.26+255319.5.We have placed robust 3s upper limits on the flux density in the 111 – 169 MHz frequency range for these targets: WISE 1506: &lt; 0:72 mJy; WISE 1741: &lt; 0:87 mJy; SIMP 0136: &lt; 0:66 mJy. At 8 hours of integration per target to achieve these limits, we find that systematic and detailed study of this class of object at LOFAR frequencies will require a substantial dedication of resources

Transplanting Kidneys Without Points for HLA‐B Matching: Consequences of the Policy Change

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87103/1/j.1600-6143.2011.03606.x.pd