KesejahteraanEkonomiMasyarakatPesertaPelatihanKelompokPraKoperasi DiKecamatanNamleaKabupaten Buru

Penelitianinibertujuanuntukmengetahui: (1) proses pembentukankelompokpraKoperasi di KecamatanNamlea, (2) faktorpendukungdanpenghambatpelatihankelompokpraKoperasi di KecamatanNamlea, ( 3) dampakpelatihanterhadapanggotakelompokPraKoperasi di KecamatanNamlea. Penelitianinimerupakanpenelitiankasusdenganpendekatankualitatifnaturalistik. SubyekdalampenelitianiniadalahanggotapraKoperasi yang mengikutipelatihan. Pengumpulan data dilakukandenganmenggunakanmetodeobservasi, wawancara, dandokumentasi. Data yang diperolehdianalisisdenganmenggunakananalisis data model interaktifgunamemperolehkeabsahan data, dilakukandiskusidenganahli. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkanbahwa, 1) input menunjukkanpembentukankelompokpraKoperasiberasaldariorganisasiyang berada di masyarakat, maupunpadanganmasyarakat yang sama.DinasKoperasimenanggapidenganmemberikansosialisasitentangpembentukanpraKoperasi, dansyarat-syarat yang dipenuhiuntukmendirikanpraKoperasi, kurikulumpelatihan, tujuandansasaran, biayaapelatihanperluditingkatkan, saranaprasarana agar dilengkapi agar pesertamerasaaman.prosespenyelenggaraanpelatihandariDinasKoperasidalambentukdiklatselam 3 hari,mampumemberikanmotivasiuntukanggotapraKoperasi.Materipelatihan,karakteristikfasilitator/narasumberwaktupelatihan, outputmenunjukansetelahmenjadianggotapraKoperasidanmengikutipelatihandapatmenumbuhkankeinginanberwirausahabagi yang belummemilikiusahadanmemberikanmotivasibagi yang sudahmemilkiusahauntukmeningkatkanusahanya.2) faktorpendukungpelatihanyaknidanapelatihan, fasilitator/narasumber, motivasianggotapraKoperasimengikutipelatihanuntukmenambahpengetahuandanketerampilanmengelolausaha. Faktorpenghambat, usiaterlalutua, tingkatpendidikannyarendah, masalahdalamkeluarga, waktupelaksanaanpelatihanseringterlambatdarijadwal yang ditetapkan, saranaprasarana yang kurangmemadai, keterbatasankemampuananggotapraKoperasimelakukaninteraksi, tempattinggaljauhdaritempatpelatihan. 3) dampakpelatihanyakni, (a) dampakpositifpraKoperasidiprakasaiolehtokokmasyarakat, kegiatanekonomidari 4 prapraKoperasibergerak di bidangsimpanpinjansehinggadapatmeningkatkanusahaKoperasi. (b) dampaknegatifkepercayaandarianggotapraKoperasiterhadappengurusdalammengelolakeuangantidakadatarsparansidaripengurussertapengurussibukdenganurusanpribadi

Digital Navigator on the Seas of the Selden Map of China : Sequential Least-Cost Path Analysis Using Dynamic Wind Data

Correction: 10.1007/s10816-021-09538-2.During the age of sail-powered ships, the maritime trade networks of Southeast Asia were highly cyclical in nature due to the biannually switching wind directions of the East Asian Monsoon. The Selden Map of China provides us with a glimpse of these connections in the early seventeenth century, and it is drawn in a unique way that allows the sailing durations between ports to be measured. In this paper, a novel method of simulating directed sail-powered voyages is developed. The method utilizes ArcGIS Pro's functionality through Python macros, and unlike the previous least-cost path (LCP) sailing models, it is based on sequential LCP analysis using dynamic real-time series wind data. The optimized routes and sailing durations generated by the macros are then compared against the Selden map. In general, the model performs reasonably well in favourable winds, but is unable to simulate tacking properly in adverse conditions. The results allow the visualization of wind patterns in terms of time spent at sea and demonstrate the inherent natural rhythm of maritime movement and trade in the South China Sea region. The macros are freely available and can be modified to simulate directed sailing in other time periods, localities, and environmental settings.Peer reviewe

Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced T cell responses after activation of human dendritic cells with IL-1 and CD40 ligand

BACKGROUND: Various microbial, inflammatory and immune signals regulate the activation of dendritic cells (DC), determining their ability to interact with naïve T cells and to produce cytokines that direct T cell development. In particular, CD40L and IL-1 cooperatively activate DC to secrete high levels of IL-12. The immuno-stimulatory capacity of such DC is otherwise not well-defined prompting further characterization of the effects of IL-1 and family members on DC activation in comparison with other pro-inflammatory stimuli. RESULTS: Human DC co-activated in vitro by CD40L and IL-1β expressed numerous cytokine genes including IL-12β, IL-23 p19, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-6, IL-18 and IFN-γ. These DC produced high levels of IL-12 protein and appeared capable of producing IFN-γ. Potent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-stimulatory properties were acquired by DC under conditions that also induced IL-12. Notably, these DC induced rapid differentiation of fluMP-specific CD8(+) T cells. Molecules related to IL-1β, like IL-1α, co-induced IL-12 secretion whereas IL-18 did not. Conversely, the inhibitor IL-1Ra, produced endogenously by DC curtailed IL-12 production in response to CD40L. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1 and IL-1Ra play a biologically-relevant role in the positive and negative regulation of DC activation. In conjunction with CD40L, IL-1 sends a powerful activation signal to DC that could be distinguished from other modes of activation. This signal enables the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by DC, and enhances the differentiation of naïve T cells into effectors of type-1 cellular immune responses

COMPRENDIENDO LA DETECCIÓN DE METALES Y LA ARQUEOLOGÍA EN FINLANDIA

The use of the metal detector in archaeology, and the relationships between metal detecting enthusiasts and archaeologists, has been long discussed and analysed in different contexts. The tool itself is acknowledged to be a useful prospecting device for use in archaeological fieldwork, and yet it has often attracted controversy in academic and professional archaeologi- cal circles due to its popularity with artefact-hunting hobbyists. In this paper, we discuss the emerging trends of metal detector use in Finland. This includes what is known about the hobbyist metal detector enthusiasts and their motivations, the extent of collaboration (or clashes) with archaeologists, and the current and potential use of metal detectors within archaeological fieldwork."El uso de detectores de metales en arqueología, y la relación entre los aficionados a la detección de metales y los arqueólogos, ha sido ampliamente discutida y analizada en diferentes contextos. Se reconoce la utilidad de la propia herramienta como útil instrumento para la prospección en el trabajo de campo arqueológico, sin  embargo,  a  menudo  ha  atraído  contro- versia en círculos académicos y de arqueólogos profesionales debido a su popularidad con entusiastas de la búsqueda de objetos [arqueológicos].En este artículo, tratamos las emergentes tendencias en el uso de aparatos detectores de metales en Finlandia. Esto incluye qué se conoce sobre los usuarios no profesionales de los aparatos detectores de metales y sus motivaciones, el grado de colaboración (o conflictos) con los arqueólogos, y el actual y potencial uso de los detectores de metales dentro del trabajo de"campo arqueológico.

Penerapan Kompetensi Kewarganegaraan dalam Upaya Konservasi Ekosistem Laut Melalui Keterlibatan Maumere Diver Community

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) adalah suatu mata pelajaran wajib yang  diterapkan disetiap jenjang Pendidikan di Indonesia agar dapat  mengarahkan peserta didik untuk menjadikan pribadi yang berintelektual maupun berakhlak mulia sesuai dengan asas bangsa Indonesia. Untuk mencapai misi tersebut maka dibutuhkan kompetensi kewarganegaraan. Tulisan ini bertujuan  menjelaskan penerapan PKn melalui Maumere Diver Community. Pendekatan kualitatif yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, jenis studi kasus, serta pada mengumpulkan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang termasuk dalam teknik triangulasi.berdasarkan hasil analisis data yakni reduksi, penyajian data, serta menarik kesimpulan bahwa penerapan PKn yang dilakukan memuat tiga kompetensi kewarganegaraan yakni kompetensi pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Pada kompetensi pengetahuan warga negara diberi suatu edukasi tentang alam laut serta pengaruhnya bagi kehidupan mahkluk hidup serta pelatihan Diving. Maumere Diver Community menerapkan kompetensi sikap adalah dengan cara menajdi teladan bagi warga negara untuk menanamkan sikap peduli terhadap lingkungan laut serta kelestariannya. Sedangkan pada kompetensi keterampilan, Maumere Diver Community berkolaborasi dengan komunitas Trash Hero dalam pengolahan sampah agar menambah nilai jual

From Idea to Consumer Gadget or Who Added ADHD to My Coffee

Kulutuskapula on kehitteillä oleva sovellus, jonka avulla kuluttaja voi tehdä eettisesti valistuneempia ostopäätöksiä. Sovellus toimii matkapuhelimissa ja se käyttää kulutustavaroiden viivakoodeja avaimina eettisen tietoon. Kulutuskapulan kehitys on ollut ongelmallista johtuen sen laajasta ongelmakentästä ja epäyhtenäisestä avustajajoukosta. Kehitys perustuu ajatukseen, ettei kannata tehdä huolellisia suunnitelmia, vaan keskittyä ainoastaan intuitiiviseen tekemiseen. Ajatus on toiminut Kulutuskapulan selkeästä visiosta johtuen hyvin. Kulutuskapulan ratkaisut pohjautuvat monilta osin selkeään informaatioarkkitehtuuriin, jonka avulla viivakoodit, tuotteet, yritykset ja eettiset arvot niputtuvat samaan monikäyttöiseen verkkoon. Verkon esittäminen sekä käyttäjille että Kulutuskapulan toimittajille on oma mielenkiintoinen käyttöliittymäongelmansa.Consumer Gadget is software under development, which enables consumers to make ethically better purchases. The software works on mobile phones and it uses product bar codes as keys to the ethical information. Consumer Gadget development has been troublesome because it happens on many fronts and people who are helping with the project have different backgrounds. Consumer Gadget development is based on an idea that no careful planning should be made and one should only concentrate on intuitive, practical development. This has worked well because of the clear vision Consumer Gadget has. Consumer Gadget design is based on clear information architecture, which creates a multi-purpose network out of bar codes, products, companies and ethical values. How to present the network to the users and Consumer Gadget editors is an interesting user interface problem

Åter till Bartsgårda och Björn Cederhvarfs järnålder

Peer reviewe

"Traces of our ancient religion". Meaning-making and Shamanism at Sami Offering Places at the Isogaisa Festival, Northern Norway

In 2010, the first shaman festival to be held in the Nordic countries opened its doors to the public in the county of Lavangen, Northern Norway (Fig. 1). The festival is named Isogaisa and presented as an indigenous festival highlighting the spiritual traditions of indigenous people. At this annual festival, shamans from all over the world gather to perform ceremonies and exchange knowledge

Understanding metal detecting and archaeology in Finland

The use of the metal detector in archaeology, and the relationships between metal detecting enthusiasts and archaeologists, has been long discussed and analysed in different contexts. The tool itself is acknowledged to be a useful prospecting device for use in archaeological fieldwork, and yet it has often attracted controversy in academic and professional archaeological circles due to its popularity with artefact-hunting hobbyists. I n this paper, we discuss the emerging trends of metal detector use in Finland. This includes what is known about the hobbyist metal detector enthusiasts and their motivations, the extent of collaboration (or clashes) with archaeologists, and the current and potential use of metal detectors within archaeological fieldwork.Peer reviewe