17 research outputs found

    Identification passive en acoustique : estimateurs et applications au SHM

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    Ward identity is a relationship that enables damped linear system identification, ie the estimation its caracteristic properties. This identity is used to provide new observation models that are available in an estimation context where sources are uncontrolled by the user. An estimation and detection theory is derived from these models and various performances studies areconducted for several estimators. The reach of the proposed methods is extended to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), that aims at measuring and tracking the health of buildings, such as a bridge or a sky-scraper for instance. The acoustic modality is chosen as it provides complementary parameters estimation to the state of the art in SHM, such as structural and geometrical parameters recovery. Some scenarios are experimentally illustrated by using the developed algorithms, adapted to fit the constrains set by embedded computation on anautonomous sensor network.L’identitĂ© de Ward est une relation qui permet d’identifier unmilieu de propagation linĂ©aire dissipatif, c'est-Ă -dire d'estimer des paramĂštres qui le caractĂ©risent. Dans les travaux exposĂ©s, cette identitĂ© est utilisĂ©e pour proposer de nouveaux modĂšles d’observation caractĂ©risant un contexte d’estimation qualifiĂ© de passif : les sources qui excitent le systĂšme ne sont pas contrĂŽlĂ©es par l’utilisateur. La thĂ©orie de l’estimation/dĂ©tection dans ce contexte est Ă©tudiĂ©e et des analyses de performances sont menĂ©es sur divers estimateurs. La portĂ©e applicative des mĂ©thodes proposĂ©es concerne le domaine du Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), c’est-Ă -dire le suivi de l’état de santĂ© desbĂątiment, des ponts... L'approche est dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour la modalitĂ© acoustique aux frĂ©quences audibles, cette derniĂšre s'avĂ©rant complĂ©mentaire des techniques de l’état de l’art du SHM et permettant entre autre, d’accĂ©der Ă  des paramĂštres structuraux et gĂ©omĂ©triques. Divers scĂ©narios sont illustrĂ©s par la mise en oeuvre expĂ©rimentale des algorithmes dĂ©veloppĂ©s et adaptĂ©s Ă  des contraintes de calculs embarquĂ©s sur un rĂ©seau de capteurs autonome

    Identification passive en acoustique : estimateurs et applications au SHM

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    Ward identity is a relationship that enables damped linear system identification, ie the estimation its caracteristic properties. This identity is used to provide new observation models that are available in an estimation context where sources are uncontrolled by the user. An estimation and detection theory is derived from these models and various performances studies areconducted for several estimators. The reach of the proposed methods is extended to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), that aims at measuring and tracking the health of buildings, such as a bridge or a sky-scraper for instance. The acoustic modality is chosen as it provides complementary parameters estimation to the state of the art in SHM, such as structural and geometrical parameters recovery. Some scenarios are experimentally illustrated by using the developed algorithms, adapted to fit the constrains set by embedded computation on anautonomous sensor network.L’identitĂ© de Ward est une relation qui permet d’identifier unmilieu de propagation linĂ©aire dissipatif, c'est-Ă -dire d'estimer des paramĂštres qui le caractĂ©risent. Dans les travaux exposĂ©s, cette identitĂ© est utilisĂ©e pour proposer de nouveaux modĂšles d’observation caractĂ©risant un contexte d’estimation qualifiĂ© de passif : les sources qui excitent le systĂšme ne sont pas contrĂŽlĂ©es par l’utilisateur. La thĂ©orie de l’estimation/dĂ©tection dans ce contexte est Ă©tudiĂ©e et des analyses de performances sont menĂ©es sur divers estimateurs. La portĂ©e applicative des mĂ©thodes proposĂ©es concerne le domaine du Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), c’est-Ă -dire le suivi de l’état de santĂ© desbĂątiment, des ponts... L'approche est dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour la modalitĂ© acoustique aux frĂ©quences audibles, cette derniĂšre s'avĂ©rant complĂ©mentaire des techniques de l’état de l’art du SHM et permettant entre autre, d’accĂ©der Ă  des paramĂštres structuraux et gĂ©omĂ©triques. Divers scĂ©narios sont illustrĂ©s par la mise en oeuvre expĂ©rimentale des algorithmes dĂ©veloppĂ©s et adaptĂ©s Ă  des contraintes de calculs embarquĂ©s sur un rĂ©seau de capteurs autonome

    Passive Acoustic Sensor Network Localization; Application to Structure geometry Monitoring

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    International audienceIn this article, passive acoustic sensor network localization is presented and applied to geometry structure monitoring. The methodology relies on passive travel-time estimation, which is here defined as the retrieval of an inter-sensor propagation delay, using uncontrolled ambient sources in an homogeneous acoustic propagation medium. Our approach relates to passive linear systems identification through the use of codas correlations to form estimators. We provide practical performances of such estimators and propose two approaches for geometry monitoring, both illustrated in the case of a steel beam

    Passive estimation in acoustics : estimators and applications to SHM

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    L’identitĂ© de Ward est une relation qui permet d’identifier unmilieu de propagation linĂ©aire dissipatif, c'est-Ă -dire d'estimer des paramĂštres qui le caractĂ©risent. Dans les travaux exposĂ©s, cette identitĂ© est utilisĂ©e pour proposer de nouveaux modĂšles d’observation caractĂ©risant un contexte d’estimation qualifiĂ© de passif : les sources qui excitent le systĂšme ne sont pas contrĂŽlĂ©es par l’utilisateur. La thĂ©orie de l’estimation/dĂ©tection dans ce contexte est Ă©tudiĂ©e et des analyses de performances sont menĂ©es sur divers estimateurs. La portĂ©e applicative des mĂ©thodes proposĂ©es concerne le domaine du Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), c’est-Ă -dire le suivi de l’état de santĂ© desbĂątiment, des ponts... L'approche est dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour la modalitĂ© acoustique aux frĂ©quences audibles, cette derniĂšre s'avĂ©rant complĂ©mentaire des techniques de l’état de l’art du SHM et permettant entre autre, d’accĂ©der Ă  des paramĂštres structuraux et gĂ©omĂ©triques. Divers scĂ©narios sont illustrĂ©s par la mise en oeuvre expĂ©rimentale des algorithmes dĂ©veloppĂ©s et adaptĂ©s Ă  des contraintes de calculs embarquĂ©s sur un rĂ©seau de capteurs autonome.Ward identity is a relationship that enables damped linear system identification, ie the estimation its caracteristic properties. This identity is used to provide new observation models that are available in an estimation context where sources are uncontrolled by the user. An estimation and detection theory is derived from these models and various performances studies areconducted for several estimators. The reach of the proposed methods is extended to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), that aims at measuring and tracking the health of buildings, such as a bridge or a sky-scraper for instance. The acoustic modality is chosen as it provides complementary parameters estimation to the state of the art in SHM, such as structural and geometrical parameters recovery. Some scenarios are experimentally illustrated by using the developed algorithms, adapted to fit the constrains set by embedded computation on anautonomous sensor network

    StratĂ©gies de gestion d’énergie appliquĂ©s aux microrĂ©seaux rĂ©sidentiels orientĂ©s afin de fournir des services de flexibilitĂ©

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    Le dĂ©veloppement des Ă©nergies renouvelables, de la consommation rĂ©sidentielle ainsi que les politiques liĂ©es Ă  la transition Ă©nergĂ©tique rĂ©clament de nouvelles techniques de gestion de l’énergie afin de gĂ©rer les problĂšmes d’incertitudes et de fournir des services rĂ©seaux compĂ©titifs. Cette thĂšse se focalise sur des services de flexibilitĂ© appliquĂ©s au micro rĂ©seaux rĂ©sidentiels. Le dimensionnement (mono/multiobjectif) optimise la production solaire et la taille de la batterie en tenant compte du coĂ»t, du confort utilisateur, de la pĂ©nĂ©tration des Ă©nergies renouvelables et de la rĂ©glementation. L’approche de gestion n°1 compare des fenĂȘtres de 24 et 48h pour l’arbitrage d’énergie et Ă©value les possibilitĂ©s supplĂ©mentaires de celle de 48h. L’approche n°2 se focalise sur le respect des injections d’énergie sur le rĂ©seau au sein d’un contrat de marchĂ© avec un agrĂ©gateur. Un nouveau modĂšle auto rĂ©gressif de prĂ©vision d’ensoleillement Ă  court terme adaptĂ© aux conditions pĂ©ninsulaires est proposĂ© puis comparĂ© au modĂšle de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Les rĂ©sultats du dimensionnement montrent que la mĂ©thode proposĂ©e gĂ©nĂšre des Ă©conomies substantielles pour les mĂ©nages. NĂ©anmoins, le prix des batteries rend actuellement l’ülotage non viable Ă©conomiquement. Les stratĂ©gies de gestion proposĂ©es sont Ă©galement plus profitables que leurs rĂ©fĂ©rences respectives. Les stratĂ©gies prĂ©sentĂ©es permettent un fonctionnement compĂ©titif et capable d’attĂ©nuer les dĂ©sĂ©quilibres entre l’offre et la demande. L’association de l’énergie renouvelable et des capacitĂ©s des micro rĂ©seaux pour les citoyens est une excellente opportunitĂ© d’obtenir une Ă©nergie plus propre, plus fiable et abordable.The rising share of renewable sources, residential consumers as well as novel energy transition policies call for new energy management strategies to deal with renewable energy sources uncertainty issues and to provide cost-competitive flexibility services. This thesis focuses on flexibility related usecases applied to residential microgrids. Presented sizing approach uses both mono and multiobjective particle swarm optimization to optimize both solar generation and storage taking into account cost competitiveness, user comfort and renewable energy penetration while respecting local regulations. First energy management approach compares 24 and 48h time-horizons for energy arbitrage and assess extended possibilities provided by a wider horizon. Second energy arbitrage approach focuses on energy injection accuracy in a bid-based market context. A novel auto-regressive short term solar irradiation forecast method suitable for peninsular weather is proposed and compared with a reference method. Regarding the sizing optimization, results showed that proposed optimization can generate bill savings for households. Nevertheless, due to current storage cost, off-grid operation is still an unreliable option regarding cost-competitiveness. Both presented energy management strategies showed profitability gains compared to their respective reference. To conclude, strategies showed costcompetitive operation and ability to mitigate supply and demand imbalances. Association of renewable energy and microgrids abilities for communities is an excellent opportunity for cleaner, more reliable and cheaper energy

    Two-Step Synthesis of Per-<i>O</i>-acetylfuranoses: Optimization and Rationalization

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    A simple two-step procedure yielding peracetylated furanoses directly from free aldoses was implemented. Key steps of the method are (i) highly selective formation of per-<i>O</i>-(<i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyl)­furanoses and (ii) their clean conversion into acetyl ones without isomerization. This approach was easily applied to galactose and structurally related carbohydrates such as arabinose, fucose, methyl galacturonate and <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine to give the corresponding peracetylated targets. The success of this procedure relied on the control of at least three parameters: (i) the tautomeric equilibrium of the starting unprotected oses, (ii) the steric hindrance of both targeted furanoses and silylating agent, and finally, (iii) the reactivity of each soft nucleophile during the protecting group interconversion

    Piezoresistivity in unstrained and strained SOI MOSFETs

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    session: FDSOIInternational audienceWe hereby present the extraction and the study of piezoresistive (PR) coefficients in MOSFETs built on unstrained and strained SOI substrates. We have evidenced a strong dependence of these PR with the inversion charge density in particular for PMOS. These results are well explained by the Si bandstructure calculation which enlightens the effect of the strain and of the electric confinement on carrier mobility, up to high tensile strain values

    3D Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Assess Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Mechanobiological Behaviour

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    While periodontal ligament cells are sensitive to their 3D biomechanical environment, only a few 3D in vitro models have been used to investigate the periodontal cells mechanobiological behavior. The objective of the current study was to assess the capability of a 3D fibrous scaffold to transmit a mechanical loading to the periodontal ligament cells. Three-dimensional fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were synthetized through electrospinning. Scaffolds seeded with human periodontal cells (10 3 mL −1) were subjected to static (n = 9) or to a sinusoidal axial compressive loading in an in-house bioreactor (n = 9). At the end of the culture, the dynamic loading seemed to have an influence on the cells' morphology, with a lower number of visible cells on the scaffolds surface and a lower expression of actin filament. Furthermore, the dynamic loading presented a tendency to decrease the Alkaline Phosphatase activity and the production of Interleukin-6 while these two biomolecular markers were increased after 21 days of static culture. Together, these results showed that load transmission is occurring in the 3D electrospun PCL fibrous scaffolds, suggesting that it can be used to better understand the periodontal ligament cells mechanobiology. The current study shows a relevant way to investigate periodontal mechanobiology using 3D fibrous scaffolds
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