7,015 research outputs found
Estimates of the first Dirichlet eigenvalue from exit time moment spectra
We compute the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of a geodesic ball in a
rotationally symmetric model space in terms of the moment spectrum for the
Brownian motion exit times from the ball. This expression implies an estimate
as exact as you want for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of a geodesic ball in
these rotationally symmetric spaces, including the real space forms of constant
curvature. As an application of the model space theory we prove lower and upper
bounds for the first Dirichlet eigenvalues of extrinsic metric balls in
submanifolds of ambient Riemannian spaces which have model space controlled
curvatures. Moreover, from this general setting we thereby obtain new
generalizations of the classical and celebrated results due to McKean and
Cheung--Leung concerning the fundamental tones of Cartan-Hadamard manifolds and
the fundamental tones of submanifolds with bounded mean curvature in hyperbolic
spaces, respectively.Comment: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1009.125
On the viability of m**2 phi**2 and natural inflation
In the context of single field inflation, models with a quadratic potential
and models with a natural potential with subplanckian decay constant are in
tension with the Planck data. We show that, when embedded in a two-field model
with an additional super massive field, they can become consistent with
observations. Our results follow if the inflaton is the phase of a complex
field (or an angular variable) protected by a mildly broken U(1) symmetry, and
the radial component, whose mass is much greater than the Hubble scale, is
stabilized at subplanckian values. The presence of the super massive field,
besides modifying the effective single field potential, causes a reduction in
the speed of sound of the inflaton fluctuations, which drives the prediction
for the primordial spectrum towards the allowed experimental values. We discuss
these effects also for the linear potential, and show that this model increases
its agreement with data as wellComment: 14 pages, 7 figures. v2 added missing abstract in the pdf, references
and very minor changes. v3. typos corrected, references adde
Parabolicity criteria and characterization results for submanifoldsof bounded mean curvature in model manifolds with weights
Let P be a submanifold properly immersed in a rotationally symmetric manifold
having a pole and endowed with a weight e
h. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, by assuming certain control on the h-mean curvature of P, we establish comparisons for the h-capacity of
extrinsic balls in P, from which we deduce criteria ensuring the h-parabolicity or h-hyperbolicity
of P. Second, we employ functions with geometric meaning to describe submanifolds of bounded
h-mean curvature which are confined into some regions of the ambient manifold. As a consequence, we derive half-space and Bernstein-type theorems generalizing previous ones. Our results
apply for some relevant h-minimal submanifolds appearing in the singularity theory of the mean
curvature flow
Rumo aos desafios da economia circular : ferramentas de apoio a uma nova estratégia na prática de design
ABSTRACT : The circular economy is a new strategic concept to meet
society's needs in a more efficient and sustainable manner based in
decoupling the economic growth and welfare from the increase in the
consumption of natural resources. It implies the transition from the
traditional linear model to a more innovative and circular approach in the
development of the economy by designing new products, new services,
and new systems, supported, in most cases, by the re-thinking and
creation of new business models.
Designers and product developers have an important and crucial role to
achieve a successful and wide implementation of the concept which has
to be accepted and applied in practice by businesses along the whole
value chain and meet the current and future needs of consumers and the
society.
Currently, several methods, principles, practices, tools, training initiatives,
and many resources are being developed globally as a result of the wide
exploitation of the concept, but there is still a large gap between what is
available to companies and designers, and what is applied in practice on
product and service development.
This paper reflects part of the PhD research project under development
by the authors which is based on the promotion of the design practice
within Circular Economy. It explores the results of the review of circularity
tools available that can be used by design professionals
to systematize and guide their development process. The analysis will
support the development of a toolkit and guidelines oriented for the
practical implementation of the circular economy in the development of
innovative and efficient products and services. (Camocho, Ferreira, &
Vicente, 2018).A economia circular é um novo conceito estratégico que visa
responder às necessidades da sociedade de uma forma mais eficiente e
sustentável que se baseia na dissociação entre crescimento económico e
bem-estar do aumento do consumo de recursos naturais. Esta transição,
do modelo linear tradicional para uma abordagem mais inovadora e
circular no desenvolvimento da economia implica o desenvolvimento de
novos produtos, novos serviços e novos sistemas, apoiados, na maioria dos
casos, no repensar e na criação de novos modelos de negócio.
Os designers e os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de produtos têm um
papel importante e crucial para alcançar uma implementação ampla e
bem-sucedida do conceito. Este deve ser aceite e aplicado na prática
pelas empresas ao longo de toda a cadeia de valor atendendo à s
necessidades atuais e futuras dos consumidores e da sociedade.
Atualmente, vários métodos, princÃpios, práticas, ferramentas, iniciativas
de formação e outros recursos têm sido desenvolvidos globalmente como
resultado da ampla exploração do conceito, no entanto, ainda existe uma
grande lacuna entre o que está disponÃvel para empresas e designers e o
que é aplicado na prática no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços.
Este artigo reflete parte do projeto de investigação de doutoramento em
desenvolvimento pelos autores, o qual se baseia na promoção da prática
de design no âmbito da Economia Circular. Explora os resultados da
revisão de ferramentas de circularidade disponÃveis que podem ser
aplicadas pelos profissionais de design na sistematização e orientação do
processo de desenvolvimento. Esta análise irá apoiar o desenvolvimento
de um conjunto de ferramentas e orientações para a implementação
prática da economia circular no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços
mais inovadores e mais eficientes. (Camocho, Ferreira & Vicente, 2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Geometric analysis of Lorentzian distance function on spacelike hypersurfaces
Some analysis on the Lorentzian distance in a spacetime with controlled
sectional (or Ricci) curvatures is done. In particular, we focus on the study
of the restriction of such distance to a spacelike hypersurface satisfying the
Omori-Yau maximum principle. As a consequence, and under appropriate hypotheses
on the (sectional or Ricci) curvatures of the ambient spacetime, we obtain
sharp estimates for the mean curvature of those hypersurfaces. Moreover, we
also give a suficient condition for its hyperbolicity.Comment: Final version (January 2009). To appear in the Transactions of the
American Mathematical Societ
Guide to the classics: Don Quixote, the world’s first novel – and one of the best
Completed by Cervantes when he was in prison, Don Quixote is the tale of a man so passionate about reading he leaves home to live the life of his fictional heroes
The two-field regime of natural inflation
The simplest two-field completion of natural inflation has a regime in which
both fields are active and in which its predictions are within the Planck
1- confidence contour. We show this for the original model of natural
inflation, in which inflation is achieved through the explicit breaking of a
U(1) symmetry. We consider the case in which the mass coming from explicit
breaking of this symmetry is comparable to that from spontaneous breaking,
which we show is consistent with a hierarchy between the corresponding energy
scales. While both masses are comparable when the observable modes left the
horizon, the mass hierarchy is restored in the last e-foldings of inflation,
rendering the predictions consistent with the isocurvature bounds. For
completeness, we also study the predictions for the case in which there is a
large hierarchy of masses and an initial period of inflation driven by the
(heavy) radial field.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Looking backward to look forward: water use and economic growth from a long-term perspective
Recent research has examined the relationship between natural resources and economic growth. Considered vitally important, not only for humanity’s well-being but also for ecosystem integrity, the relationship between water use and economic growth has traditionally garnered little attention by analysts. This paper studies water use trends from 1900 to 2000 throughout the world, and their main determinants. To do this, we first analyse historical water use trajectories. Second, to proceed with the determinants of water use, we reformulate the IPAT equation (Ehrlich and Holdren, 1971; Commoner et al. 1971), decomposing water use trends into changes in economic demands and in water use intensity. Finally, a simple scenario analysis is conducted, to project future water use trends under different economic, demographic and technological assumptions. The empirical evidence shows that economic and population growth have been crucial for explaining the increase in water use over the past 100 years, with significant regional differences. Nevertheless, the decline in water use intensity has been responsible for a significant reduction in the growth of total water use.Water use, environmental impacts, economic growth, IPAT model, scenario analysis
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