An Index for Wine Acetaldehyde Reactive Potential (ARP) and Some Derived Remarks about the Accumulation of Acetaldehyde during Wine Oxidation

The amount of acetaldehyde accumulated during wine oxidation was very small, far less than expected. The existence of polyphenols specifically reactive to acetaldehyde was postuled. In order to assess the acetaldehyde reactive potential (ARP) of wines, different reactive conditions have been studied: acetaldehyde concentration, temperature and pH. The evaluation/validation of developed ARP assay was made with 12 wines. Results have shown that high temperatures cannot be used to estimate wine ARP. In fact, at 70¿C acetaldehyde reacts strictly proportionally to wine total polyphenols. A reproducible index by letting wine at pH 2 react with 35 mgL-1 of acetaldehyde for 7 days was obtained and applied to 12 wines. Rosés did not consume any, whites consumed 8% and reds between 18 and 38% of their total acetaldehyde content. After pH correction, whites ARP can be similar to low ARP reds. Basic kinetic considerations derived from the measurement of ARP were applied to interpret observed acetaldehyde accumulation and consumption during the forced oxidation of the 12 wines. It is concluded that wine ARPs cannot explain the huge fraction of acetaldehyde presumably consumed by wine and the fraction of H2O2 produced during oxidation and not consumed by SO2 has to oxidize majorly wine components other than ethanol. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Aplicaciones educativas: Microformación en Competencia Digital Docente con EduPills

Ponencia presentada en la Jornada de Innovación Docente 2018: nuevos modelos, nuevas competencias, celebrada el 11 de junio de 2018 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Situación Familiar, Protección Social y Bienestar de las Personas Mayores en Perspectiva Europea Comparada

The aim of this research is therefore to analyse the well-being of people over 65 living in multi-generational households, compared to those who live in their own home, either with a partner or alone. The analysis takes a comparative approach, and seeks to analyse and unravel the differences between countries in terms of the subjective well-being of this segment according to the type of household they live in, against a backdrop of the framework of the welfare state, social policies on dependent care, and family models. The methodology used in this comparative approach consists of applying association analyses based on “decision trees”. The data source used is the European Quality of Life Survey, 2011-2012. The findings show that live in multigenerational households is inversely related to the perception of well-being and quality of life in the group of people over 65 years in the countries of southern Europe. Indeed the results suggest that the social policies implemented by welfare States can satisfactorily contribute to the well-being and quality of life of these groups in the same or greater measure as family solidarity, as evidenced by the results obtained for Nordic countries.El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores de más de 65 que viven en hogares multigeneracionales en comparación con las que viven en su propio hogar en pareja o solos, así como las diferencias existentes entre países respecto al bienestar subjetivo de estas personas, teniendo como telón de fondo el marco del Estado de bienestar, las políticas sociales de dependencia y los modelos familiares en perspectiva comparada. La metodología empleada se basa en análisis descriptivos y análisis de asociación utilizando para ello la denominada técnica “árboles de decisión” a partir de los datos procedentes de la encuesta European Quality of Life, 2011-2012. Los hallazgos apuntan a que vivir en hogares multigeneracionales está inversamente relacionado con la percepción del bienestar y la calidad de vida en el colectivo de personas mayores de 65 años en los países del sur de Europa. De hecho, los resultados sugieren que las políticas sociales de los Estados de bienestar en el norte de Europa contribuyen al bienestar de estas personas en mayor medida que la solidaridad familiar y la corresidencia con los familiares, características propias de los países mediterráneos

A highly enantioselective abiotic receptor for malate dianion in aqueous solution

The highly enantioselective molecular recognition of the malate dianion by a synthetic receptor in aqueous solution has been studied by potentiometric titrations, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), diffusion measurements (PGSE NMR) and molecular modeling.Garcia-España Monsonis, Enrique, [email protected]

The multiphase starburst-driven galactic wind in NGC 5394

We present a detailed study of the neutral and ionized gas phases in the galactic wind for the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 5394 based on new integral field spectroscopy obtained with the INTEGRAL fibre system at the William Herschel Telescope. The neutral gas phase in the wind is detected via the interstellar Na I D doublet absorption. After a careful removal of the stellar contribution to these lines, a significant amount of neutral gas (∼10^7 M_⊙) is detected in a central region of ∼1.75 kpc size. This neutral gas is blueshifted by ∼165 km s^−1 with respect to the underlying galaxy. The mass outflow of neutral gas is comparable to the star formation rate of the host galaxy. Simultaneously, several emission lines (Hα, [N II], [S II]) are also analysed looking for the ionized warm phase counterpart of the wind. A careful kinematic decomposition of the line profiles reveals the presence of a secondary, broader, kinematic component. This component is found roughly in the same region where the Na I D absorption is detected. It presents higher [N II]/Hα and [S II]/Hα line ratios than the narrow component at the same locations, indicative of contamination by shock ionization. This secondary component also presents blueshifted velocities, although smaller than those measured for the neutral gas, averaging to ∼−30 km s^−1. The mass and mass outflow rate of the wind is dominated by the neutral gas, of which a small fraction might be able to escape the gravitational potential of the host galaxy. The observations in this system can be readily understood within a bipolar gas flow scenario

Effects of online palliative care training on knowledge, attitude and satisfaction of primary care physicians

Background: The Spanish Palliative Care Strategy recommends an intermediate level of training for primary care physicians in order to provide them with knowledge and skills. Most of the training involves face-to-face courses but increasing pressures on physicians have resulted in fewer opportunities for provision of and attendance to this type of training. The effectiveness of on-line continuing medical education in terms of its impact on clinical practice has been scarcely studied. Its effect in relation to palliative care for primary care physicians is currently unknown, in terms of improvement in patient's quality of life and main caregiver's satisfaction. There is uncertainty too in terms of any potential benefits of asynchronous communication and interaction among on-line education participants, as well as of the effect of the learning process. The authors have developed an on-line educational model for palliative care which has been applied to primary care physicians in order to measure its effectiveness regarding knowledge, attitude towards palliative care, and physician's satisfaction in comparison with a control group. The effectiveness evaluation at 18 months and the impact on the quality of life of patients managed by the physicians, and the main caregiver's satisfaction will be addressed in a different paper. Methods: Randomized controlled educational trial to compared, on a first stage, the knowledge and attitude of primary care physicians regarding palliative care for advanced cancer patients, as well as satisfaction in those who followed an on-line palliative care training program with tutorship, using a Moodle Platform vs. traditional education. Results: 169 physicians were included, 85 in the intervention group and 84 in the control group, of which five were excluded. Finally 82 participants per group were analyzed. There were significant differences in favor of the intervention group, in terms of knowledge (mean 4.6; CI 95%: 2.8 to 6.5 (p = 0.0001), scale range 0-33), confidence in symptom management (p = 0.02) and confidence in terms of communication (p = 0.038). Useful aspects were pointed out, as well as others to be improved in future applications. The satisfaction of the intervention group was high. Conclusions: The results of this study show that there was a significant increase of knowledge of 14%-20% and a significant increase in the perception of confidence in symptom management and communication in the intervention group in comparison with the control group that received traditional methods of education in palliative care or no educational activity at all. The overall satisfaction with the intervention was good-very good for most participants. This on-line educational model seems a useful tool for palliative care training in primary care physicians who have a high opinion about the integration of palliative care within primary care. The results of this study support the suggestion that learning effectiveness should be currently investigated comparing different Internet interventions, instead of Internet vs. no intervention. © 2011 Pelayo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This work was funded by the National Health Research Fund (grant number FIS: PI070515); and the Hospital Ribera Fund. The study sponsors had no influence on the study design, data collection, analysis, data interpretation, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Pelayo, M.; Cebrián, D.; Areosa, A.; Agra, Y.; Izquierdo, JV.; Buendía García, F. (2011). Effects of online palliative care training on knowledge, attitude and satisfaction of primary care physicians. BMC Family Practice. 12(37):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-12-371111237Salinas AM, Asensio AF, Armas J, Benítez del Rosario MA: Palliative care in primary care: professionals' opinion. Aten Primaria. 1999, 23: 187-91.Esteva MC, Llobera JC, Miralles JX, Bauza MA: Management of terminal cancer patients: attitudes and training needs of primary health care doctors and nurses. Support Care Cancer. 2000, 8: 464-71. 10.1007/s005200000157.Barclay S, Todd Ch, Grande G, Lipscombe J: Controlling cancer pain in primary care: the prescribing habits and knowledge base of general practitioners. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002, 23: 283-92.Shipman C, Addington-Hall J, Barclay S, Briggs J, Cox I, Daniels L, Millar D: Educational opportunities in palliative care: what do general practitioners want?. Palliat Med. 2001, 15: 191-6. 10.1191/026921601678576176.Pelayo-Alvarez M, Agra Y: Systematic review of educational interventions in palliative care for primary care physicians. Palliat Med. 2006, 20: 673-83. 10.1177/0269216306071794.Slotnick HB: Physicians' learning strategies. Chest. 2000, 118: 18S-23S. 10.1378/chest.118.2_suppl.18S.Grau-Perejoan O: Formacion on line. EDUC MED. 2008, 11: 139-46.Curran VR, Fleet L: A review of evaluation outcomes of web-based continuing medical education. Med Educ. 2005, 39: 561-67. 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02173.x.Chumley-Jones HS, Dobbie A, Alford CL: Web-based learning: sound educational method or hype? A review of the evaluation literature. Acad Med. 2002, 77 (10 Suppl): 86-93.Wutoh R, Boren SA, Balas EA: E-learning: a review of Internet-based continuing medical education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004, 24: 20-30. 10.1002/chp.1340240105.Casebeer L, Kristofco RE, Strasser S, Reilly M, Krishnamoorthy P, Rabin A, Zheng S, Karp S, Myers L: Standardizing evaluation of on-line continuing medical education: physician knowledge, attitudes, and reflection on practice. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004, 24: 68-75. 10.1002/chp.1340240203.Curran V, Lockyer J, Sargeant J, Fleet L: Evaluation of learning outcomes in Web-based continuing medical education. Acad Med. 2006, 81 (10 Suppl): S30-S34.Weston CM, Sciamanna C, Nash D: Evaluating online continuing medical education seminars: evidence for improving clinical practices. Am J Med Qual. 2008, 23: 475-83. 10.1177/1062860608325266.Shojania KG, Jennings A, Mayhew A, Ramsay C, Eccles M, Grimshaw J: Effect of point-of-care computer reminders on physician behaviour: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2010, 182 (5): E216-E225.Fordis M, King JE, Ballantyne CM, Jones PH, Schenider KH, Spann SJ, Greenberg SB, Greisinger AJ: Comparison of the instructional efficacy of Internet-based CME with live interactive CME workshops. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005, 294: 1043-51. 10.1001/jama.294.9.1043.Klueber KK, Bruera E: Interactive collaborative consultation model in end-of-life care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000, 20: 202-9. 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00176-7.Thompson AR, Savidge MA, Fulper-Smith M, Strode SW: Testing a multimedia module in cancer pain management. J Cancer Educ. 1999, 14: 161-3.Pereira J, Bruera E, Quan H: Pallaitive care on the net: an online survey of health care professionals. J Palliat Care. 2001, 17: 41-5.Cauffman JG, Forsyth RA, Clark VA, Foster JP, Martin KJ, Lapsys FX, Davis DA: Randomized controlled trials of continuing medical education: what makes them most effective?. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2002, 22: 214-21. 10.1002/chp.1340220405.Peterson MW, Galvin JR, Dayton Ch, D'Alessandro MP: Delivering pulmonary continuing medical education over the Internet. Chest. 1999, 115: 1429-36. 10.1378/chest.115.5.1429.Programa de la especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria: Comisión nacional de la especialidad. 2002, Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y ConsumoEHS: E-learning Health Scotland: e-Hospital e-learning while in hospital. 2008, [ http://www.ehospital-project.net/ ]HUSC: Hospital Universitario San Cecilio Granada. 2008, [ http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/servicioandaluzdesalud/hsc/moodle/ ]PHT: Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust. 2008, [ http://www.i-am-in-the-moodle.co.uk/ ]Brown G, Atkins M: Effective teaching in higher education. 1991, Ed: London, Routledge reprKoczwara B, Francis K, Marine F, Goldstein D, Underhill C, Olver I: Reaching further with online education? The development of an effective online program in palliative oncology. J Canc Educ. 2010Arenella Ch, Yox S, Eckstein DS, Ousley A: Expanding the reach of a cancer palliative care curriculum through web-based dissemination: a public-private collaboration. J Canc Educ. 2010Casebeer L, Engler S, Bennett N, Irvine M, Sulkes D, Deslauriers M, Zhang S: A controlled trial of the effectiveness of internet continuing medical education. BMC Medicine. 2008, 6: 37-10.1186/1741-7015-6-37.Leong L, Ninnis J, Slatkin N, Rhiner M, Schroeder L, Pritt B, Kagan J, Ball T, Morgan R: Evaluating the impact of pain management education on physician practice patterns-a continuing medical education outcomes study. J Canc Educ. 2010Cook DA: Learning and cognitive styles in Web-based learning: theory, evidence and application. Acad Med. 2005, 80: 266-78. 10.1097/00001888-200503000-00012.van Marwijk H, Haverkate L, van Royen P, Anne-Mei T: Impact of euthanasia on primary care physicians in the Netherlands. Palliat Med. 2007, 21: 609-14. 10.1177/0269216307082475.Cook DA, Levinson AJ, Garside S, Dupras DM, Erwin PJ, Montori VM: Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008, 300: 1181-96. 10.1001/jama.300.10.1181.Kevin Mc: Launch of a new online training program to enhance palliative training in rural areas. Aust J Rural Health. 2007, 15: 389-Kuziemsky CE, Weber-Jahnke JE, Lau F, Downing M: An interdisciplinary computer-based information tool for palliative severe pain management. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008, 15: 374-82. 10.1197/jamia.M2519.Street AF, Swift K, Annells M, Woodruff R, Gliddon T, Oakley A, Ottman G: Developing a web-based information resource for palliative care: an action-research inspired approach. BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making. 2007, 7: 26-10.1186/1472-6947-7-26.Murray MA, O'Connor A, Stacey D, Wilson KG: Efficacy of a training intervention on the quality of practitioner's decision support for patients deciding about place of care at the end of life: A randomized control trial: Study protocol. BMC Palliative Care. 2008, 7: 4-10.1186/1472-684X-7-4

Hormonal and metabolic responses of Mexican lime plants to CTV infection

Plant viral infections alter gene expression and metabolism in infected host. To study the molecular responses of Mexican lime to CTV infection, an analysis of plant metabolome in response to infection with severe (T318) or mild (T385) isolates of CTV was performed. Healthy plants and those infected with any of the two virus strains showed different metabolite profiles, at different stages of new sprout development. Proline content increased in plants infected with CTV, proportionally to the virulence of the virus strain. Abscisic acid content decreased after virus infection whereas jasmonic and salicylic acid levels increased. CTV infection had an impact on plant secondary metabolism, by stimulating the synthesis of different metabolites such as l-methylhistidine, phenylpropanoid derivatives. These metabolites are common responses of different organisms, including higher mammals, to viral diseases, and its presence in this system points to the existence of universal responses to virus infection among different kingdoms

Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) plants to Citrus tristeza virus infection

The effect of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection on photosynthetic activity and antioxidant metabolism was analysedin plants of the highly susceptible citrus genotype Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia). Two virus isolates differing intheir virulence (the severe T318 and the mild T385) were used in the experiments. CTV infection caused a reduction inphotosynthetic capacity in infected plants. This limitation was mainly due to a reduction in the carboxylative efficiencywhereas the limitation of CO2diffusion through the stoma had lower impact. The virus did not damage the antennaeand did not reduce the efficiency of light harvesting complexes. Oxidative damage occurred in infected plants, as evi-denced by the increase in malondialdehyde levels. Indeed, CTV infection caused an increase in ascorbate peroxidaseactivity in new shoots developed in infected plants during the 2 years of the experiment. Data suggest that the H2O2removal machinery was not damaged as a result of stress but the defence mechanism was overwhelmed with time dueto the continuing pressure of biotic stressUniversitat Jaume I (SPAIN) P1IB2012-06 P1IB2013-23 Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) AGL2010-22195-C03-0

Formación, reacción y acumulación de acetaldehido y aldehidos de Strecker durante la oxidación del vino

La presente tesis titulada “Formación, reacción y acumulación de acetaldehídos y aldehídos de Strecker durante la oxidación del vino” consta de 7 capítulos. Capítulo I: La primera tarea desarrollada en la tesis fue la obtención de un método de oxidación a temperatura ambiente, que permitiera caracterizar la cinética de consumo de oxígeno de vinos de manera muy exacta y precisa. Una de las principales ventajas introducidas por esta metodología es la posibilidad de aportar altas dosis de oxígeno, obteniéndose por ello y por primera vez, la categorización completa de la cinética de consumo de oxígeno que se ha descrito con 6 etapas o velocidades. Los modelos que relacionan la cinética y la composición inicial de 8 vinos tintos españoles revelan que el acetaldehído total, los metales (Cu, Fe y Mn), el sulfuroso libre y la absorbancia a 520 y 620 nm parecen definir estas velocidades. Capítulo II: El método de oxidación permite alcanzar por primera vez la formación de aldehídos “de novo”; ya que se aportó oxígeno suficiente para desulfitar la muestra más una dosis destinada a la formación. En todos los casos la concentración de acetaldehído y aldehídos de Strecker aumentaron. Asumiendo que el principal producto de la oxidación es el acetaldehído, se ha estimado la concentración de acetaldehído teóricamente formada que, en comparación con la cantidad acumulada experimental ha permitido obtener la concentración de acetaldehído teórico consumido – éste valor alcanzó los 46 mg/L en vinos jóvenes-. Se hipotetiza que esa concentración de acetaldehído es consumida por los polifenoles durante la oxidación, y a esos polifenoles reactivos con aldehídos los denominamos (ARPs). Los modelos que relacionan la acumulación (o acetaldehído sin reaccionar) con la composición inicial de los vinos tintos predicen que los ARPs serán principalmente antocianos y taninos pequeños. Los modelos obtenidos para los aldehídos de Strecker parecen confirmar la existencia de ARPs y sugieren que la vía prioritaria de formación de aldehídos es la degradación de Strecker a partir de sus aminoácidos precursores, y que el diacetilo (α- dicarbonilo) podría ser un precursor específico del fenilacetaldehído. Capítulo III: Con el objetivo de encontrar un método de oxidación más rápido, se incrementa la temperatura de oxidación hasta los 45 °C. La cinética de consumo de oxígeno a 45 °C es más rápida que a temperatura ambiente. Aunque con el método acelerado de oxidación se obtienen escasamente 3 velocidades, es posible obtener la mayoría de los tramos cinéticos modelizando con respecto medidas oxígeno disuelto a 45 °C. En cuanto a la acumulación de acetaldehído y aldehídos de Strecker, la concentración de 2-metilbutiraldehído, 3- metilbutiraldehído, metional y en menor medida isobutiraldehído acumulado a 45 °C son muy similares y están correlacionados con la cantidad acumulada a temperatura ambiente. Sin embargo, para el fenilacetaldehído y acetaldehído los patrones de acumulación se ven muy afectados por la temperatura de incubación. Según los modelos, la temperatura de oxidación influye en los dos procesos que afectan a la acumulación de aldehídos: formación de quinonas (α- dicarbonilo) y la reacción de los aldehídos con los antocianos (ARPs). La existencia de los ARPs comienza a estar cuestionada ya que experimentos independientes donde se dopan aldehídos de Strecker, la estabilidad de los mismos parece ser independiente a la composición polifenólica de los vinos.Capítulo IV: En este capítulo se comprueba que el diacetilo no es particularmente reactivo en la degradación de Strecker y que no es un precursor específico del fenilacetaldehído. Además, queda demostrado que la acumulación de aldehídos de Strecker depende más del pH y el tiempo de oxidación que de la composición polifenólica del vino.Capítulo V: Aunque se han probado varias estrategias en el desarrollo del método de ARPs, no sido posible obtener un índice que lo defina. El principal motivo es que la reactividad del acetaldehído de un vino es muy limitada y errática como para explicar el escaso acetaldehído acumulado durante la oxidación. El papel consumidor de acetaldehído atribuido a antocianos y taninos pequeños necesita ser reinterpretado dentro del ciclo de oxidación. Capítulo VI: El consumo de acetaldehído en extractos de polifenoles extraídos de uvas (FFAs) en condiciones anóxicas es dependiente de la concentración de dopado e independiente de la composición química de las mismas. La FFA más reactiva ha consumido acetaldehído a una ratio de 0,9 mg/L/día. La cinética de consumo de acetaldehído es rápida y se va relenteciendo con el tiempo. Esta pérdida de reactividad podría ser debida a la formación de complejos (acetaldehído-polifenol), éstos complejos “intermedios” serían lo suficientemente estables como para evitar el acetaldehído esté disponible para reaccionar irreversiblemente con el material polifenólico; y lo suficientemente lábiles como para romperse en el método de determinación con DNPH y obtenerse señal analítica. Para poder confirmar esta hipótesis sería necesario determinar el acetaldehído libre. En vinos, el consumo de acetaldehído es lento alcanzando una velocidad de 0,2 mg/L/día. La velocidad de consumo de acetaldehído se ha conseguido modelizar en función de la concentración de acetaldehído inicial, pH y edad del vino. En vinos el consumo de acetaldehído sigue una reacción de pseudo primer orden. Durante los procesos de oxidación donde el acetaldehído se puede acumular, el consumo de acetaldehído sigue siendo lento, homogéneo y prácticamente independiente de la composición polifenólica. La velocidad media de consumo es de 0,43mg/L/día. En los casos más extremos -donde hay más acetaldehído en exceso de partida-, la velocidad de consumo puede alcanzar 0,79 mg/L/día.Capítulo VI:En el último capítulo se ha demostrado que el principal destino del agua oxigenada formada en la oxidación no es la formación de acetaldehído. Los resultados sugieren que hasta un 30 % del H2O2 se emplea en oxidar otros compuestos mayoritarios del vino, un buen ejemplo serían los polifenoles. Esto explicaría por qué en los modelos donde se explicaba la acumulación de acetaldehído, los antocianos y taninos aparecieran con coeficientes negativos; ya que estos compuestos mayoritarios en lugar de consumir acetaldehído, se estarían oxidando inhibiendo por tanto la formación de este aldehído. <br /