Evolution of Secondary Sexual Characters in Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Secondary sexual characters (SSC) are traits present only in one sex, commonly on males, and different from the reproductive organs. These characters have evolved mainly through the action of Sexual Selection, the differential mating success of organisms of the same species. Males use SSC to challenge other males for access to females, while females use these traits as signals to choose mates with overall good. SSC can manifest as horns, tusks, enlarged appendages, spines, coloration, and body size. Sexually dimorphic traits are present in all major groups of animals, including Insects. Sexual selection and secondary sexual traits have been proposed to be drivers for speciation on hypothetical bases, but empirical evidence has proven to be inconclusive. To explore this hypothesis in species rich lineages, such as insects, it is necessary to identify the diversity and frequency of SSC within particular lineages. Pselaphinae beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are a great example of high species richness and broad morphological variation in sexual traits. This group contains more than 10,470 described species distributed worldwide. They are predators of small invertebrates, and their large number of species contrasts with their small size, between 0.6 and 3.0 mm. The diversity and frequency of SSC in Pselaphinae was obtained from species descriptions, fauna catalogues, and databases. A total of 40 dimorphic body structures were identified in 218 species from 34 tribes. The SSC present in the largest number of species were modification of abdominal sternites, eyes, and mesotibiae. Differences on the quality and quantity of SSC were found among different tribes. To look at the evolution of SSC at the genus scale, in the genus Batrisodes were documented on a phylogenetic context. The basal process on antennomere XI showed most convergence among species of Nearctic and Palearctic regions. The ventral fovea on antennomere X, was the most constant across the genus. This research is an initial step towards the recollection of SSC in Pselaphinae, that can be used to study character evolution, character correlations with microhabitats, and character correlation with other characters

A fenomenologia de van Kaam: contributosteórico-metodológicos para a investigação em enfermagem

Objetivo: Discutir sobre o contributo teórico-metodológico da fenomenologia de van Kaam para a investigação em enfermagem.Métodos: Reflexão teórica baseada na literatura científica.Resultados e discussão: A intencionalidade emerge como um conceito central e foram desenvolvidas as 7 etapas do método de van Kaam modificado por Moustakas: horizontalização; redução e eliminação; categorização e tematização dos constituintes invariantes; aplicação e validação; construção da descrição textural individual; construção da descrição estrutural individual; e descrição composta.Considerações finais: O referencial teórico-metodológico de van Kaam permite um olhar distinto sobre o fenómeno, pois o conhecimento produzido provém da essência textural e estrutural da experiência vivida, numa descrição composta, considerando as suas diversas dimensões perceptivas. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa qualitativa. Pesquisa em enfermagem. Cuidados de enfermagem. Filosofia

Biological characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. Methanolic extracts: antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic activities

Cynara cardunculus (Cc) is a multipurpose species; beyond its use in southwestern European cuisine, it is also used for the production of solid biofuel, seed oil, biodiesel, paper pulp and cheese, as well as animal feed. In addition, Cc has a long tradition of use in folk medicine as a diuretic and liver protector. The value of this species as a source of bioactive compounds is known; however, pharmacological use would further increase its cultivation. The main goal of the current work was to evaluate the potential of Cc as source of anti-carcinogenic phytochemicals. Different methanolic extracts obtained from wild and cultivated plants were tested for antioxidant activity and effect on breast tumor cell viability. The most effective extract, both as antioxidant and inhibition of tumor cell viability, was tested for effects on angiogenesis and tumor cell migration capacity. All the extracts tested had high antioxidant activity; however, only green leaves and dry head extracts exhibit anti-proliferative activity. Green cultivated leaves (GCL) were the most effective extract both as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells; it is equally active inhibiting tumor cell migration and in vivo angiogenesis. GCL extract is an effective inhibitor of several key points in tumor development and thus a promising source of anti-carcinogenic phytochemicals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Low-risk polycythemia vera treated with phlebotomies: clinical characteristics, hematologic control and complications in 453 patients from the Spanish Registry of Polycythemia Vera

Myelofibrosis; Phlebotomies; ThrombosisMielofibrosi; Flebotomies; TrombosiMielofibrosis; Flebotomías; TrombosisHematological control, incidence of complications, and need for cytoreduction were studied in 453 patients with low-risk polycythemia vera (PV) treated with phlebotomies alone. Median hematocrit value decreased from 54% at diagnosis to 45% at 12 months, and adequate hematocrit control over time ( 60 years, and microvascular symptoms constituted the main indications for starting cytoreduction. Median duration without initiating cytoreduction was significantly longer in patients younger than 50 years (< 0.0001). The incidence rate of thrombosis under phlebotomies alone was 0.8% per year and the estimated probability of thrombosis at 10 years was 8.5%. The probability of arterial thrombosis was significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension whereas there was a trend to higher risk of venous thrombosis in cases with high JAK2V617F allele burden. Rates of major bleeding and second primary neoplasm were low. With a median follow-up of 9 years, survival probability at 10 years was 97%, whereas the probability of myelofibrosis at 10 and 20 years was 7% and 20%, respectively. Progression to acute myeloid leukemia was documented in 3 cases (1%). Current management of low-risk PV patients is associated with low rate of thrombosis and long survival. New treatment strategies are needed for improving hematological control and, in the long term, reducing progression to myelofibrosis.This work was supported by PI18/01472, PI18/00205, and PI21/00231 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación. GEMFIN received a grant from Novartis for the development of the Spanish Registry of Polycythemia Vera and for conducting the present project

Application of IPSET-thrombosis in 1366 Patients Prospectively Followed From the Spanish Registry of Essential Thrombocythemia

Thrombosis; Essential thrombocythemiaTrombosi; Trombocitèmia essencialTrombosis; Trombocitemia esencialThe International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in Essential Thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis) and its revised version have been proposed to guide thrombosis prevention strategies. We evaluated both classifications to prognosticate thrombosis in 1366 contemporary essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients prospectively followed from the Spanish Registry of ET. The cumulative incidence of thrombosis at 10 years, taking death as a competing risk, was 11.4%. The risk of thrombosis was significantly higher in the high-risk IPSET-thrombosis and high-risk revised IPSET-thrombosis, but no differences were observed among the lower risk categories. Patients allocated in high-risk IPSET-thrombosis (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR], 3.7 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6-8.7]) and high-risk revised IPSET-thrombosis (SHR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.4-7.45]) showed an increased risk of arterial thrombosis, whereas both scoring systems failed to predict venous thrombosis. The incidence rate of thrombosis in intermediate risk revised IPSET-thrombosis (aged >60 years, JAK2-negative, and no history of thrombosis) was very low regardless of the treatment administered (0.9% and 0% per year with and without cytoreduction, respectively). Dynamic application of the revised IPSET-thrombosis showed a low rate of thrombosis when patients without history of prior thrombosis switched to a higher risk category after reaching 60 years of age. In conclusion, IPSET-thrombosis scores are useful for identifying patients at high risk of arterial thrombosis, whereas they fail to predict venous thrombosis. Controlled studies are needed to determine the appropriate treatment of ET patients assigned to the non-high-risk categories.The Spanish registry of Essential thrombocythemia is financed with GEMFIN’s own funds without direct collaboration from any pharmaceutical company. This work was supported by PI21/00231, PI21/00347, and PI21/00538 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación

Factores perinatales para riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 4 a 5 años en Colombia 2010.

Introducción: La OMS revela que en 2010 alrededor de 43 millones de niños menores de 5 años presentan sobrepeso. En Colombia según la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia en su versión 2005, mostraba una prevalencia general de sobrepeso de 3.1% niños de 0 a 4 años. Es una condición de salud de origen multifactorial en la que interviene factores genéticos, ambientales, maternos y perinatales. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación de riesgo entre el bajo peso al nacer y el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 4 a 5 años. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal con los datos nutricionales, maternos y perinatales de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía en Salud del año 2010 en Colombia. Se analizó la asociación entre la variable independiente bajo peso al nacer con el desenlace sobrepeso y obesidad en menores de 4 a 5 años, usando como medida el IMC según la edad. Se realizaron análisis univariados, bivariados y de regresión logística con un modelo de riesgo según las variables que inciden en el desenlace y la variable independiente. Resultados: La muestra obtenida para el estudio fue de 2166 niños de 4 a 5 años de edad quienes cumplían los criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad en la primera infancia fue de 21.8% (472) y el bajo peso al nacer. Los resultados sugieren la asociación de bajo peso y sobrepeso u obesidad es de ORajustado= 0.560 (0.356 – 0.881). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que existe una asociación como factor protector entre el bajo peso y el sobrepeso u obesidad en la primera infancia. Sin embargo, debido al comportamiento de las variables consideradas en la muestra no hay suficiente información para rechazar completamente la hipótesis nula.Introduction: WHO reveals that in 2010 around 43 million children under 5 are overweight. In Colombia according to the National Nutrition Survey Situation in Colombia in its 2005 version, he showed an overall prevalence of 3. 1% overweight children 0-4 years. It is a health condition in multifactorial involving genetic, environmental, maternal and perinatal factors. Objective: To establish the association of risk between low birth weight and the development of overweight and obesity in children between 4 to 5 years. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study with nutritional, maternal and perinatal data from the National Demographic Health Survey 2010 was conducted in Colombia. The association between the independent variable low birth weight (LBW) with the outcome overweight and obesity in children between 4 to 5 years, as measured using BMI for age was analyzed. Univariate analyzes were performed, bivariate and logistic regression model risk according to the variables that affect the outcome and the independent variable. Results: The sample was obtained for the study of 2166 children between 4 to 5 years of age who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in early childhood was 21. 8% (472) and low birth weight. The results suggest the association of underweight and overweight or obese is ORajust = 0. 560 [IC95% 0356-0881]. Conclusions: The results suggest a protective factor association between low weight and overweight or obese in early childhood. However, due to the behavior of the variables considered in the sample there is not enough information to fully reject the null hypothesis

Seasonal dynamics of canine antibody response to Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva in an endemic area of Leishmania infantum

Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, endemic in the Mediterranean basin. In this region, transmission of Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of CanL, is through the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Therefore, monitoring host- vector contact represents an important epidemiological tool, and could be used to assess the effectiveness of vector-control programmes in endemic areas. Previous studies have shown that canine antibodies against the saliva of phlebotomine sand flies are specific markers of exposure to Leishmania vectors. However, this method needs to be further validated in natural heterogeneous dog populations living in CanL endemic areas. Methods: In this study, 176 dogs living in 12 different locations of an L. infantum endemic area in north-east Spain were followed for 14 months. Blood samples were taken at 5 pre-determined time points (February, August and October 2016; January and April 2017) to assess the canine humoral immune response to whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) and to the single salivary 43 kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B) of Phlebotomus perniciosus, a proven vector of L. infantum naturally present in this region. Simultaneously, in all dogs, L. infantum infection status was assessed by serology. The relationship between anti-SGH and anti-rSP03B antibodies with the sampling month, L. infantum infection and the location was tested by fitting multilevel linear regression models. Results: The dynamics of canine anti-saliva IgG for both SGH and rSP03B followed the expected trends of P. perniciosus activity in the region. Statistically significant associations were detected for both salivary antigens between vector exposure and sampling month or dog seropositivity to L. infantum. The correlation between canine antibodies against SGH and rSP03B was moderate. Conclusions: Our results confirm the frequent presence of CanL vectors in the study area in Spain and support the applicability of SGH- and rSP03B-based ELISA tests to study canine exposure to P. perniciosus in L. infantum endemic areas. Keywords: Canine leishmaniosis, Phlebotomus perniciosus, Saliva proteins, Markers of exposure, Longitudinal study, Northeast Spai

Structural control on carbon dioxide diffuse degassing at the Caviahue – Copahue Volcanic Complex, Argentina

The Caviahue – Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC) is located within the Andean Cordillera, in the Neuquén province, Argentina. This tectono-magmatic system lies within the northern termination of the Liquiñe – Ofqui fault zone, a 1,200-km-long intraarc strike-slip fault system. Fluid emissions at this active volcanic complex are fed by a hydrothermal reservoir located at 800 m depth, mostly recharged by meteoric water. The reservoir is heated by a magmatic chamber located at 5 km depth, which also provides the system with magmatic gases. Fluid emissions at the CCVC release over 200 tons per day of soil diffuse CO2. The aim of this study is to evaluate the control that the local structural architecture exerts on CO2 flow, from the hydrothermal reservoir to the surface.Fil: Lamberti, María Clara Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Vigide, Nicolás Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Venturi, Stefanía. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; ItaliaFil: Agusto, Mariano Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Yagupsky, Daniel Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Winocur, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Barcelona, Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Velez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Tassi, Franco. Università degli Studi di Firenze; ItaliaEGU General Assembly 2019VienaAustriaEuropean Geosciences Unio

Socio-demographic situation and level of satisfaction with the training of graduates of a private university in the city of Manizales, Colombia

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la situación sociodemográfica, el nivel de satisfacción con las competencias y el nivel de identidad institucional de los graduados. La metodología tuvo alcance descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por 2038 graduados de las facultades de salud, ingeniería y estudios sociales y empresariales entre 2008 y 2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario de auto diligenciamiento al momento del grado. Se encontró que en la Facultad de Ingeniería la mayoría son hombres, en las tres facultades hay mayor proporción de solteros. El dominio de competencias relacionadas con el uso de la información agrupa el mayor porcentaje satisfecho en las tres facultades, con la competencia identificar y utilizar símbolos para comunicarse está satisfecho un menor porcentaje. En relación con los recursos físicos, el promedio más bajo de satisfacción se presenta con los espacios deportivos y para realizar actividades artísticas y el más alto con la biblioteca y aulas informáticas. Más del 79% está satisfecho con la formación académica, la fundamentación teórica y las relaciones interpersonales de los docentes, una menor proporción está satisfecho con el trabajo de campo. Más del 75% de los graduados de las tres facultades volvería a estudiar en la universidad, principalmente por la calidad de la formación. Finalmente los graduados tienen identidad con la institución, evidenciada en los porcentajes de satisfacción con el desarrollo de las competencias, los docentes, los recursos físicos y con algunos espacios físicos.This research aims at analyzing the socio-demographic situation, the level of satisfaction regarding the mastery of skills and the degree of institutional identity of graduates. The methodology had a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective scope. 2038 graduates between 2008 and 2012 and who belonged to the health, engineering and social and business studies faculties participated in this research. They did a survey at the moment of their graduation. The results showed that most of the graduates from the engineering faculty were men, and there was a higher rate of singleness within the three faculties. The mastery of skills related to the satisfactory use of information gathered the highest percentage within the three faculties, whereas competences to identify and use symbols to communicate showed a lower percentage. In relation to facilities, the lowest satisfaction percentage was to sports and artistic locations, whereas the highest was for the library and computer rooms. More than 79% are satisfied with the academic training, theoretical foundations and interpersonal relationships with professors, while a smaller proportion are satisfied with fieldwork. Over 75% of graduates from the three faculties would come back to study at institution, mainly due to its quality in training. As a conclusion, graduates report to have identity with the institution. This is evident through the percentages of satisfaction with skills development, professors, physical resources and some facilities

Field study of the improved rapid sand fly exposure test in areas endemic for canine leishmaniasis

BACKGROUND: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe chronic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sand flies of which the main vector in the Western part of the Mediterranean basin is Phlebotomus perniciosus. Previously, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was proposed to allow rapid evaluation of dog exposure to P. perniciosus. In the present study, we optimized the prototype and evaluated the detection accuracy of the ICT in field conditions. Possible cross-reactions with other hematophagous arthropods were also assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The ICT was optimized by expressing the rSP03B protein in a HEK293 cell line, which delivered an increased specificity (94.92%). The ICT showed an excellent reproducibility and inter-person reliability, and was optimized for use with whole canine blood which rendered an excellent degree of agreement with the use of serum. Field detectability of the ICT was assessed by screening 186 dogs from different CanL endemic areas with both the SGH-ELISA and the ICT, and 154 longitudinally sampled dogs only with the ICT. The ICT results corresponded to the SGH-ELISA for most areas, depending on the statistical measure used. Furthermore, the ICT was able to show a clear seasonal fluctuation in the proportion of bitten dogs. Finally, we excluded cross-reactions between non-vector species and confirmed favorable cross-reactions with other L. infantum vectors belonging to the subgenus Larroussius. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have successfully optimized the ICT, now also suitable to be used with whole canine blood. The test is able to reflect the seasonal fluctuation in dog exposure and showed a good detectability in a field population of naturally exposed dogs, particularly in areas with a high seroprevalence of bitten dogs. Furthermore, our study showed the existence of favorable cross-reactions with other sand fly vectors thereby expanding its use in the field