Beyond “Uniqueness”: Habitual Traits in the Context of Cognitive-Communicative Continuity

Abstract. The paper discusses a longstanding and prevailing debate in thefields of comparative psychology and language evolution, namely the problem of continuity of cognitive and communicative abilities. It is suggested that although this problem has been addressed by multiple researchers, it remains a persistent topic of discussion and an important meta-theoretical theme in the field of language evolution. To support this claim, the paper first provides a brief overview of the continuity debate by discussing examples of prominent research work in comparative communication and cognition. It further suggests that the problem of continuity can be partly resolved by focusing on cognitive and behavioural trait distribution both between and within species. Specifically, it is proposed that conceptualising given traits as habitual, rather than human-unique, is informative for understanding evolutionary processes shaping human communicative abilities. Finally, the paper suggests that the debate on continuity would benefit from being placed in a broader framework of evolution of phenotypic plasticity and the role of cognition and behavior in evolutionary processes

О правописании заимствованных слов в якутском языке

The article is devoted to one of the topical issues of the Yakut spelling - the spelling of words borrowed from the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to trace the current state of spelling of borrowed words in the modern Yakut language. The study is carried out on material extracted from national newspapers. The theoretical basis for the study are the methodological provisions of N.D. Dyachkovsky on the description of the phonetic system of the Yakut language. The main methods of work are: the method of continuous sampling during the initial collection of material from newspaper sources, the method of linguistic analysis, descriptive method using the methods of observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization, method of quantitative data processing. The article presents the results of the analysis of spelling changes of Russisms that have undergone phonetic development, which can be used in the practice of compiling dictionaries of the Yakut language. It is concluded that the tendency to increase in phonetic spelling is in line with the dominant phonetic principle of the Yakut spelling.El artículo está dedicado a uno de los temas principales de la ortografía de Yakut: la ortografía de las palabras tomadas del idioma ruso. El propósito del estudio es rastrear el estado actual de la ortografía de las palabras prestadas en el lenguaje moderno Yakut. El estudio se realiza sobre material extraído de periódicos nacionales. Las bases teóricas para el estudio son las disposiciones metodológicas de N.D. Dyachkovsky sobre la descripción del sistema fonético de la lengua yakut. Los principales métodos de trabajo son: el método de muestreo continuo durante la recolección inicial de material de fuentes periodísticas, el método de análisis lingüístico, el método descriptivo que utiliza los métodos de observación, interpretación, comparación, generalización, método de procesamiento de datos cuantitativos. El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de los cambios ortográficos de los rusos que han experimentado un desarrollo fonético, que se pueden utilizar en la práctica de compilar diccionarios de la lengua yakut. Se concluye que la tendencia a aumentar la ortografía fonética está en línea con el principio fonético dominante de la ortografía Yakut.Статья посвящена одному из актуальных вопросов якутской орфографии – правописанию заимствованных из русского языка слов. Цель исследования – проследить современное состояние правописания заимствованных слов в современном якутском языке. Исследование осуществляется на материале, извлеченном из республиканских якутоязычных газет. Теоретической основой для исследования являются методологические положения Н.Д. Дьячковского об описании фонетической системы якутского языка. Основными методами работы являются: метод сплошной выборки, метод лингвистического анализа, описательный метод. В статье представлены результаты анализа орфографических изменений русизмов, подвергшихся фонетическому освоению, которые могут быть использованы в практике составления словарей якутского языка. Делается вывод о том, что тенденция к увеличению фонетизированных написаний идет в русле господствующего фонетического принципа якутской орфографии

Pheromone trapping for control of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

We study the impact of pheromone control against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, a principal vector of diseases in citrus cultures. The model is expressed as a piecewise smooth ODE system, and its long-term behavior is analyzed. In particular, through qualitative analysis and applying an open-loop control approach, we identify the threshold in terms of two external parameters related to the pheromone traps, the amount of pheromones to be released and the male-killing rate, to ensure local elimination of the wild psyllid population. We also show that a feedback control with periodic assessments of the wild population sizes is applicable and then deduce that a mixed-type control, combining the open- and closed-loop control approaches, provides the best results. We present several simulations to illustrate our theoretical findings and to estimate the minimal amount of pheromones and time needed to reach the local elimination of wild psyllids. Finally, we discuss possible implementations of our results as a part of Integrated Pest Management programs.Comment: 47 pages, 12 figure

Optimal control of dengue epidemic outbreaks under limited resources

In this paper, we reflect upon control intervention practices habitually exerted by healthcare authorities in tropical areas that suffer from incidental outbreaks of dengue fever, in particular, the city of Cali, Colombia. Such control interventions, principally based on the insecticide spraying, are carried out sporadically in order to overcome an ongoing epidemic or at least to reduce its size. It is worth pointing out that control actions of this type do not usually account for sufficient budget because epidemic outbreaks are difficult to predict. In practical terms, these occasional control interventions are performed by spraying, as quickly as possible, all existing stock of insecticide (regardless of its lethality) and employing all available manpower. The goal of this paper is to design better strategies for insecticide-based control actions, which are capable of preventing more human infections at no additional cost, and to reveal the obsolescence of current vector eradication practices. Our approach relies on dynamic optimization, where the number of averted human infections is maximized under budget constraint and subject to a simple dengue transmission model amended with one control variable that stands for the insecticide spraying. As a result, we obtain structurally robust control intervention policies that demonstrate better performance and higher resilience to possible budget limitations than traditional modus operand

An oscillograms processing algorithm of a high power transformer on the basis of experimental data

The paper presents the studies on digital processing of oscillograms of the power transformer operation allowing determining the state of its windings of different types and degrees of damage. The study was carried out according to the authors' own methods using the Fourier analysis and the developed program based on the following application software packages: MathCAD and Lab View. The efficiency of the algorithm was demonstrated by the example of the waveform non-defective and defective transformers on the basis of the method of nanosecond pulses

O uso de programas de computador educacional na formação de professores de língua estrangeira para atividade de discurso

The present study looks at the use of educational computer programs in professional training of students majoring in Philology. It highlights the urgency for new approaches to improve the educational process in response to the requirements of present realities. This study draws upon extensive corpus research on the use of innovative technologies in education. The findings reveal that there are certain differences in the application of this technology in teaching abroad and in the Ukrainian pedagogical practices. It was established that implementation of educational computer programs, in contrast with traditional teaching methods, has potential benefits as well as certain limitations. This research substantiates the importance of considering these factors when aiming to improve professional skills of future teachers and their linguistic competences. The conclusions drawn from the research findings allow providing recommendations concerning the improvement of professional training of foreign language teachers by means of educational computer programs.El presente estudio analiza el uso de programas informáticos educativos en la formación profesional de estudiantes de la carrera de Filología. Destaca la urgencia de nuevos enfoques para mejorar el proceso educativo en respuesta a las exigencias de la realidad actual. Este estudio se basa en una extensa investigación de corpus sobre el uso de tecnologías innovadoras en la educación. Los resultados revelan que existen ciertas diferencias en la aplicación de esta tecnología en la enseñanza en el extranjero y en las prácticas pedagógicas ucranianas. Se estableció que la implementación de programas informáticos educativos, en contraste con los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza, tiene beneficios potenciales y ciertas limitaciones. Esta investigación corrobora la importancia de considerar estos factores a la hora de intentar mejorar las habilidades profesionales de los futuros profesores y sus competencias lingüísticas. Las conclusiones extraídas de los resultados de la investigación permiten formular recomendaciones sobre la mejora de la formación profesional de los profesores de lenguas extranjeras mediante programas informáticos educativos.O presente estudo analisa a utilização de programas educacionais de informática na formação profissional de alunos do curso de Filologia. Ele destaca a urgência de novas abordagens para melhorar o processo educacional em resposta às exigências das realidades atuais. Este estudo baseia-se em um extenso corpus de pesquisa sobre o uso de tecnologias inovadoras na educação. Os resultados revelam que existem algumas diferenças na aplicação desta tecnologia no ensino no estrangeiro e nas práticas pedagógicas ucranianas. Foi estabelecido que a implementação de programas educacionais de computador, ao contrário dos métodos tradicionais de ensino, apresenta benefícios potenciais, bem como certas limitações. Esta pesquisa corrobora a importância de se considerar esses fatores quando se busca o aprimoramento das habilidades profissionais dos futuros professores e suas competências linguísticas. As conclusões extraídas dos resultados da pesquisa permitem fornecer recomendações sobre a melhoria da formação profissional dos professores de línguas estrangeiras por meio de programas educacionais de informática