Guia metodológico para uso do Laser Scanner Terrestre (TLS) em ambiente florestal.

A reconstituição dos ambientes florestais por meio de varreduras Laser Scanner Terrestre (TLS) tem possibilitado, além da compreensão desses ambientes com a extração de variáveis qualitativas que podem ser usadas em levantamentos fitossociológicos, aplicações de caráter métrico, como é o caso da extração de variáveis dendrométricas e contagem de indivíduos. Sem dúvida, essa tecnologia tem ganhado espaço no meio florestal e, possivelmente, em poucos anos, passará a fazer parte dos protocolos de inventários florestais. O planejamento do levantamento de campo com o TLS é uma das etapas fundamentais na coleta de dados, tendo em vista que está diretamente relacionado à qualidade do produto final. Além disso, facilita etapas como o registro da nuvem de pontos, processamento e posterior obtenção de variáveis dendrométricas.bitstream/item/222740/1/CT-467-1897-final.pd

South African Guidelines on the Determination of Death

Death is a medical occurrence that has social, legal, religious and cultural consequences requiring common clinical standards for its diagnosis and legal regulation.The following document compiled by the Critical Care Society of Southern Africa outlines the core standards for determination of death in the hospital context. It aligns with the latest evidence-based research and international guidelines and is applicable to the South African context and legal system.The aim is to provide clear medical standards for health care providers to follow in the determination of death, thereby promoting safe practices and high-quality care through the use of uniform standards. Adherence to such guidelines will provide assurance to medical staff, patients, their families and the South African public that the determination of death is always undertaken with diligence, integrity, respect and compassion, and is in accordance with accepted medical standards and latest scientific evidence

Câmeras modificadas e multiespectrais embarcadas em drones: enfoque para estudos da vegetação.

Nos últimos dez anos, os drones vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados para aplicações florestais devido à sua flexibilidade, autonomia e capacidade de obter dados, de maneira remota, por meio de sensores embarcados. Essa ferramenta pode ser usada em substituição de algumas atividades de coleta de dados normalmente trabalhosas, demoradas, sujeitas a erro e de alto custo. Podem contribuindo, dessa maneira, para gerar informações decisivas para a gestão e a tomada de decisão na atividade florestal, com elevada precisão e custos reduzidos. Câmeras multiespectrais embarcadas em drones ampliam a capacidade de análise nos estudos de florestas plantadas e nativas, auxiliando na análise do desenvolvimento e da vitalidade dos plantios ou florestas e identificando fatores prejudiciais relacionados com estresses bióticos e abióticos. Entretanto, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos atingidos até o momento, a captura de dados de qualidade ainda permanece um grande desafio. Nesta publicação são apresentadas diretrizes orientadoras para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos sobre vegetação que envolvem a coleta de imagens por meio de câmeras multiespectrais, e modificadas, embarcadas em drones

South African guidelines on the determination of death

Death is a medical occurrence that has social, legal, religious and cultural consequences requiring common clinical standards for its diagnosis and legal regulation. This document compiled by the Critical Care Society of Southern Africa outlines the core standards for determination of death in the hospital context. It aligns with the latest evidence-based research and international guidelines and is applicable to the South African context and legal system. The aim is to provide clear medical standards for healthcare providers to follow in the determination of death, thereby promoting safe practices and high-quality care through the use of uniform standards. Adherence to such guidelines will provide assurance to medical staff, patients, their families and the South African public that the determination of death is always undertaken with diligence, integrity, respect and compassion, and is in accordance with accepted medical standards and latest scientific evidence. The consensus guidelines were compiled using the AGREE II checklist with an 18-member expert panel participating in a three-round modified Delphi process. Checklists and advice sheets were created to assist with application of these guidelines in the clinical environmenAlso published as: Thomson, D., Joubert, I., De Vasconcellos, K. et al. South African guidelines on the determination of death. Southern African Journal of Critical Care 2021, vol. 37, no. 1b, pp. 41-54. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJCC.2021v37i1b.466.The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa (CCSSA)http://www.samj.org.zahttp://www.sajcc.org.zadm2022Critical CareNursing ScienceSurger

Eugenia uniflora fruit (red type) standardized extract: a potential pharmacological tool to diet-induced metabolic syndrome damage management.

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In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of limonoids isolated from the residual seed biomass from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil production

Background: Carapa guianensis is a cultivable tree used by traditional health practitioners in the Amazon region to treat several diseases and particularly symptoms related to malaria. Abundant residual pressed seed material (RPSM) results as a by-product of carapa or andiroba oil production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity and cytotoxicity of limonoids isolated from C. guaianensis RPSM.Methods. 6-acetoxyepoxyazadiradione (1), andirobin (2), 6-acetoxygedunin (3) and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (4) (all isolated from RPSM using extraction and chromatography techniques) and 6-hydroxy-deacetylgedunin (5) (prepared from 3) were evaluated using the micro test on the multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain. The efficacy of limonoids 3 and 4 was then evaluated orally and subcutaneously in BALB/c mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain in the 4-day suppressive test.Results: In vitro, limonoids 1-5 exhibited median inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 20.7-5.0 μM, respectively. In general, these limonoids were not toxic to normal cells (MRC-5 human fibroblasts). In vivo, 3 was more active than 4. At oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, 3 suppressed parasitaemia versus untreated controls by 40 and 66%, respectively, evidencing a clear dose-response.Conclusion: 6-acetoxygedunin is an abundant natural product present in C. guianensis residual seed materials that exhibits significant in vivo anti-malarial properties. © 2014 Pereira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.x

Association of Genetic Variants With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Individuals With African Ancestry.

Importance:Primary open-angle glaucoma presents with increased prevalence and a higher degree of clinical severity in populations of African ancestry compared with European or Asian ancestry. Despite this, individuals of African ancestry remain understudied in genomic research for blinding disorders. Objectives:To perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of African ancestry populations and evaluate potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Design, Settings, and Participants:A 2-stage GWAS with a discovery data set of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma and 2121 control individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma. The validation stage included an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals using multicenter clinic- and population-based participant recruitment approaches. Study participants were recruited from Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, the United States, Tanzania, Britain, Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Morocco, Peru, and Mali from 2003 to 2018. Individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma had open iridocorneal angles and displayed glaucomatous optic neuropathy with visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure was not included in the case definition. Control individuals had no elevated intraocular pressure and no signs of glaucoma. Exposures:Genetic variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Main Outcomes and Measures:Presence of primary open-angle glaucoma. Genome-wide significance was defined as P < 5 × 10-8 in the discovery stage and in the meta-analysis of combined discovery and validation data. Results:A total of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 64.6 [56-74] years; 1055 [45.5%] women) and 2121 individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 63.4 [55-71] years; 1025 [48.3%] women) were included in the discovery GWAS. The GWAS discovery meta-analysis demonstrated association of variants at amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2 (APBB2; chromosome 4, rs59892895T>C) with primary open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.46]; P = 2 × 10-8). The association was validated in an analysis of an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.21]; P < .001). Each copy of the rs59892895*C risk allele was associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma when all data were included in a meta-analysis (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14-1.25]; P = 4 × 10-13). The rs59892895*C risk allele was present at appreciable frequency only in African ancestry populations. In contrast, the rs59892895*C risk allele had a frequency of less than 0.1% in individuals of European or Asian ancestry. Conclusions and Relevance:In this genome-wide association study, variants at the APBB2 locus demonstrated differential association with primary open-angle glaucoma by ancestry. If validated in additional populations this finding may have implications for risk assessment and therapeutic strategies

Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal etiologic agent of human tuberculosis (TB) and a member of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Additional MTC species that cause TB in humans and other mammals include Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium bovis. One result of studies interrogating recently identified MTC phylogenetic markers has been the recognition of at least two distinct lineages of M. africanum, known as West African-1 and West African-2. Methods: We screened a blinded non-random set of MTC strains isolated from TB patients in Ghana (n = 47) for known chromosomal region-of-difference (RD) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A MTC PCR-typing panel, single-target standard PCR, multi-primer PCR, PCR-restriction fragment analysis, and sequence analysis of amplified products were among the methods utilized for the comparative evaluation of targets and identification systems. The MTC distributions of novel SNPs were characterized in the both the Ghana collection and two other diverse collections of MTC strains (n = 175 in total). Results: The utility of various polymorphisms as species-, lineage-, and sublineage-defining phylogenetic markers for M. africanum was determined. Novel SNPs were also identified and found to be specific to either M. africanum West African-1 (Rv1332 523; n = 32) or M. africanum West African-2 (nat 751; n = 27). In the final analysis, a strain identification approach that combined multi-primer PCR targeting of the RD loci RD9, RD10, and RD702 was the most simple, straight-forward, and definitive means of distinguishing the two clades of M. africanum from one another and from other MTC species. Conclusion: With this study, we have organized a series of consistent phylogenetically-relevant markers for each of the distinct MTC lineages that share the M. africanum designation. A differential distribution of each M. africanum clade in Western Africa is described