63 research outputs found
The role of context and perception of road rules in the pedestrian crossing decision: a challenge for the autonomous vehicle
10th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the Affiliated Conferences, Washington, D.C., ETATS-UNIS, 24-/07/2019 - 28/07/2019Pedestrian behavior is based on both cognitive processes and the construction of social knowledge and representations. The results of various studies we have conducted showed that pedestrian compliance with road rules varied according to crossing regulation, built environment, gender and age. They also addressed the role of rule perception and internalization. Finally, they showed how informal learning, through observation, of road rules can explain the construction of conventional level rules, the application of which is contextual. These different elements demonstrated how knowledge of social norms can be an issue for the autonomous vehicle
Quelle relation à la sécurité routiÚre chez les conducteurs ? Analyse des données ESRA1 et 2 pour la France
2e Rencontres Francophones Transport MobilitĂ© (RFTM), MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA, 11-/06/2019 - 13/06/2019A cĂŽtĂ© de son intĂ©rĂȘt pour la comparaison des donnĂ©es entre pays, les donnĂ©es fournies par l'enquĂȘte ESRA permettent aussi d'analyser, sur un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif de la population, les relations entre les diffĂ©rentes variables mobilisĂ©es. L'objectif de cette communication est de proposer une analyse approfondie des donnĂ©es de l'enquĂȘte ESRA de 2015 pour la France
Risky behaviours and violations among car drivers : relationships between values, social norms and sex, gender and age related differences
Les hommes et les jeunes sont plus souvent impliquĂ©s dans les accidents graves et mortels de la route que les femmes et les conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s. DâaprĂšs la littĂ©rature, les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes (CRI) au volant pourraient ĂȘtre motivĂ©s par la recherche d'une appartenance et d'un statut social valorisants mais Ă©galement par l'affirmation de valeurs relatives Ă la compĂ©tence, au pouvoir et Ă la masculinitĂ©. Peu dâĂ©tudes ont proposĂ© de tester directement le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur de ces valeurs et la normativitĂ© dans les diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge affectant les CRI. Nos travaux proposent dâexplorer (a) le rĂŽle de l'adhĂ©sion Ă certaines valeurs dans la survenue des CRI au volant ; (b) de tester le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur de ces valeurs dans les diffĂ©rences liĂ©es au sexe et Ă l'Ăąge ; (c) de vĂ©rifier la normativitĂ© de ces comportements en fonction du sexe et de lâĂąge. Six Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les principaux rĂ©sultats indiquent que (a) l'adhĂ©sion Ă des valeurs centrĂ©es sur la recherche dâun haut statut social est particuliĂšrement associĂ©e aux CRI ; (b) ces valeurs mĂ©diatiseraient en partie les diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge observĂ©es ; (c) CRI relatifs Ă la vitesse font l'objet d'une plus grande valorisation sociale chez les hommes et chez les jeunes conducteurs mais ce phĂ©nomĂšne ne serait pas sous-tendu par les mĂȘmes motivations pour ces deux populations. Les implications thĂ©oriques de ses rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©es sur le plan des relations empiriques entre les diffĂ©rents modĂšles mobilisĂ©s. Les perspectives pour lâapplication dans le champ de la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre sont Ă©galement discutĂ©es sous l'angle du changement de comportements.Men and young drivers are more often involved in serious and fatal road accidents than women and older drivers. According to the literature, risky and offending behaviours (ROBs) at the wheel could be motivated by the search for a sense of belonging and social status, but also by the affirmation of values relating to competence, power and masculinity. Few studies have proposed to directly test the mediating role of these values and normativity in gender and age differences affecting ROBs. Our work proposes to explore the role of adherence to certain values in the occurrence of ROBs at wheel; (b) to test the mediating role of these values in gender and age differences; (c) to verify the normativity of these behaviours according to gender and age. Six studies were carried out. The main results indicate that (a) adherence to values centred toward the pursuit of a high social status is particularly associated with ROBs; (b) these values partially mediate the observed gender and age differences; (c) ROBs related to speed are more socially valued by men and young drivers, but this phenomenon is not supported by the same motivations for these two populations. The theoretical implications of its results are discussed in terms of empirical relationships between the different models used. Applied perspectives for behaviour change in the field of road safety are also discussed
Comportements à risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes : relations entre valeurs, normes sociales et différences liées au sexe, au genre et à l'ùge
On the road, men and young drivers are more often involved in serious and fatal crashes than women and older drivers worldwide. Among the various factors considered, traffic offences constitute an explanatory variable for these gender and age differences, on which it would be possible to act. The literature suggests that risky and offending driving behaviours could be motivated by the search for a sense of belonging and social status, but also by the affirmation of values relating to competence, power, independence and masculinity, which support positive self-esteem, especially among men and young people. Indeed, these different values would be symbolically linked to risky and offending behaviours on the road, and theses links would be shaped by culture but also by socialisation, which can operate differently depending on the social affiliations of the individual. To our knowledge, few studies have proposed to directly test the mediating role of these different values in explaining gender and age differences that characterize risky and offending driving behaviours. Moreover, while several studies show that risky and offending behaviours among men and young drivers are regulated by social norms, to our knowledge no study has yet investigated the existence of such norms from the perspective of the sociocognitive approach to social norms, which makes it possible to consider the social value that individuals attribute to behaviour. In this sense, our work proposes (a) to explore the role of adherence to certain values (notably the dimensions of individualism-collectivism, Schwartz' personal values, masculinity-femininity) in the occurrence of risky and offending behaviours among drivers; (b) to test the mediating and/or moderating role of these values in gender and age differences in these behaviours; (c) to confirm the normativity of these behaviours among men (vs. women) and young (vs. older) drivers by identifying the dimensions of social value that underlie it; (d) explore and consider the multidimensionality of risky and offending driving behaviours as well as the possible context-dependent aspect of some of the previous relationships (considering the salience of the gender group, for example). A total of 6 studies were carried out. The main results indicate that (a) adherence to values oriented toward the pursuit of high social status is particularly associated with risky and offending driving behaviours; (b) these values partially mediate gender and age differences observed in risky and offending driving behaviours; (c) risky and offending behaviours related to speed are more socially valued among men (vs. women) and young (vs. older) drivers; (d) among men (vs. women), this last observation could be explained by the attribution of low social desirability to compliant and cautionary behaviours, while it could be explained by the attribution of a higher social status to risky and offending behaviours among young (vs. older) drivers; (e) several tools - such as those used to measure individualism-collectivism - have psychometric properties and share relationships with other constructs that call into question the validity of their theoretical models. The theoretical implications of these results are mainly discussed in terms of (a) the empirical relationships between the different models and constructs used; (b) their interest in understanding risky and offending behaviours more broadly. Applied perspectives for behavior change in the field of road safety are also discussed.Sur la route, les hommes et les jeunes conducteurs sont plus souvent impliquĂ©s dans les accidents graves et mortels que les femmes et les conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s au niveau mondial. Parmi les diffĂ©rents facteurs envisagĂ©s, les infractions routiĂšres constituent une variable explicative de ces diffĂ©rences de sexe et d'Ăąge, sur laquelle il serait possible d'agir. La littĂ©rature suggĂšre que les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes au volant pourraient ĂȘtre motivĂ©s par la recherche d'une appartenance et d'un statut social valorisants mais Ă©galement par l'affirmation de valeurs relatives Ă la compĂ©tence, au pouvoir, Ă l'indĂ©pendance et Ă la masculinitĂ©, supports d'une estime de soi positive, et ce notamment chez les hommes et chez les jeunes. En effet, ces diffĂ©rentes valeurs feraient lâobjet dâun lien symbolique avec les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes sur la route, façonnĂ© par la culture mais Ă©galement par la socialisation qui peut opĂ©rer diffĂ©remment selon les appartenances sociales de lâindividu. A notre connaissance, peu dâĂ©tudes ont proposĂ© de tester directement le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur que ces diffĂ©rentes valeurs peuvent avoir dans lâexplication des diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge caractĂ©risant les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes. De plus, si plusieurs Ă©tudes montrent que les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes chez les hommes et les jeunes conducteurs seraient rĂ©gulĂ©s par des normes sociales, Ă notre connaissance aucune Ă©tude nâa encore investi lâexistence de telles normes sous lâangle de lâapproche sociocognitive des normes sociales, qui permet de considĂ©rer la valeur sociale que les individus attribuent aux comportements. En ce sens, nos travaux proposent (a) dâexplorer le rĂŽle de l'adhĂ©sion Ă certaines valeurs (notamment les dimensions de l'individualisme-collectivisme, les valeurs personnelles de Schwartz, la masculinitĂ©-fĂ©minitĂ©) dans la survenue des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes ; (b) de tester le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur et/ou modĂ©rateur de ces valeurs dans les diffĂ©rences liĂ©es au sexe et Ă l'Ăąge dans ces comportements ; (c) de vĂ©rifier la normativitĂ© de ces comportements auprĂšs des conducteurs hommes (vs. femmes) et des jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) en identifiant les dimensions de la valeur sociale qui la sous-tendent ; (d) dâexplorer et de considĂ©rer la multidimensionnalitĂ© des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ainsi que l'aspect contexte-dĂ©pendant ou non de certaines des relations prĂ©cĂ©dentes (en considĂ©rant la saillance du groupe de sexe par exemple). Au total 6 Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les principaux rĂ©sultats indiquent que (a) l'adhĂ©sion Ă des valeurs centrĂ©es sur la recherche dâun haut statut social est particuliĂšrement associĂ©e aux comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (b) ces valeurs mĂ©diatiseraient en partie les diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge observĂ©es sur les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (c) les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes relatifs Ă la vitesse font l'objet d'une plus grande valorisation sociale chez les hommes (vs. les femmes) et chez les jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) ; (d) chez les hommes (vs. les femmes), ce dernier constat serait notamment sous-tendu par lâattribution dâune faible dĂ©sirabilitĂ© sociale aux comportements de respect des rĂšgles et de prudence tandis quâil serait sous-tendu chez les jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) par lâattribution dâun plus haut statut social aux comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (e) plusieurs outils â comme ceux utilisĂ©s pour mesurer lâindividualisme-collectivisme â prĂ©sentent des propriĂ©tĂ©s psychomĂ©triques ainsi que des relations avec dâautres construits invitant Ă questionner la validitĂ© des modĂšles thĂ©oriques qui les sous-tendent. Les implications thĂ©oriques de ses rĂ©sultats sont notamment discutĂ©es sur le plan (a) des relations empiriques entre les diffĂ©rents modĂšles et construits mobilisĂ©s ; (b) de leur intĂ©rĂȘt dans la comprĂ©hension des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes plus largement. Les perspectives pour lâapplication dans le champ de la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre sont Ă©galement discutĂ©es sous l'angle du changement de comportements
Comportements à risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes : relations entre valeurs, normes sociales et différences liées au sexe, au genre et à l'ùge
On the road, men and young drivers are more often involved in serious and fatal crashes than women and older drivers worldwide. Among the various factors considered, traffic offences constitute an explanatory variable for these gender and age differences, on which it would be possible to act. The literature suggests that risky and offending driving behaviours could be motivated by the search for a sense of belonging and social status, but also by the affirmation of values relating to competence, power, independence and masculinity, which support positive self-esteem, especially among men and young people. Indeed, these different values would be symbolically linked to risky and offending behaviours on the road, and theses links would be shaped by culture but also by socialisation, which can operate differently depending on the social affiliations of the individual. To our knowledge, few studies have proposed to directly test the mediating role of these different values in explaining gender and age differences that characterize risky and offending driving behaviours. Moreover, while several studies show that risky and offending behaviours among men and young drivers are regulated by social norms, to our knowledge no study has yet investigated the existence of such norms from the perspective of the sociocognitive approach to social norms, which makes it possible to consider the social value that individuals attribute to behaviour. In this sense, our work proposes (a) to explore the role of adherence to certain values (notably the dimensions of individualism-collectivism, Schwartz' personal values, masculinity-femininity) in the occurrence of risky and offending behaviours among drivers; (b) to test the mediating and/or moderating role of these values in gender and age differences in these behaviours; (c) to confirm the normativity of these behaviours among men (vs. women) and young (vs. older) drivers by identifying the dimensions of social value that underlie it; (d) explore and consider the multidimensionality of risky and offending driving behaviours as well as the possible context-dependent aspect of some of the previous relationships (considering the salience of the gender group, for example). A total of 6 studies were carried out. The main results indicate that (a) adherence to values oriented toward the pursuit of high social status is particularly associated with risky and offending driving behaviours; (b) these values partially mediate gender and age differences observed in risky and offending driving behaviours; (c) risky and offending behaviours related to speed are more socially valued among men (vs. women) and young (vs. older) drivers; (d) among men (vs. women), this last observation could be explained by the attribution of low social desirability to compliant and cautionary behaviours, while it could be explained by the attribution of a higher social status to risky and offending behaviours among young (vs. older) drivers; (e) several tools - such as those used to measure individualism-collectivism - have psychometric properties and share relationships with other constructs that call into question the validity of their theoretical models. The theoretical implications of these results are mainly discussed in terms of (a) the empirical relationships between the different models and constructs used; (b) their interest in understanding risky and offending behaviours more broadly. Applied perspectives for behavior change in the field of road safety are also discussed.Sur la route, les hommes et les jeunes conducteurs sont plus souvent impliquĂ©s dans les accidents graves et mortels que les femmes et les conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s au niveau mondial. Parmi les diffĂ©rents facteurs envisagĂ©s, les infractions routiĂšres constituent une variable explicative de ces diffĂ©rences de sexe et d'Ăąge, sur laquelle il serait possible d'agir. La littĂ©rature suggĂšre que les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes au volant pourraient ĂȘtre motivĂ©s par la recherche d'une appartenance et d'un statut social valorisants mais Ă©galement par l'affirmation de valeurs relatives Ă la compĂ©tence, au pouvoir, Ă l'indĂ©pendance et Ă la masculinitĂ©, supports d'une estime de soi positive, et ce notamment chez les hommes et chez les jeunes. En effet, ces diffĂ©rentes valeurs feraient lâobjet dâun lien symbolique avec les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes sur la route, façonnĂ© par la culture mais Ă©galement par la socialisation qui peut opĂ©rer diffĂ©remment selon les appartenances sociales de lâindividu. A notre connaissance, peu dâĂ©tudes ont proposĂ© de tester directement le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur que ces diffĂ©rentes valeurs peuvent avoir dans lâexplication des diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge caractĂ©risant les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes. De plus, si plusieurs Ă©tudes montrent que les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes chez les hommes et les jeunes conducteurs seraient rĂ©gulĂ©s par des normes sociales, Ă notre connaissance aucune Ă©tude nâa encore investi lâexistence de telles normes sous lâangle de lâapproche sociocognitive des normes sociales, qui permet de considĂ©rer la valeur sociale que les individus attribuent aux comportements. En ce sens, nos travaux proposent (a) dâexplorer le rĂŽle de l'adhĂ©sion Ă certaines valeurs (notamment les dimensions de l'individualisme-collectivisme, les valeurs personnelles de Schwartz, la masculinitĂ©-fĂ©minitĂ©) dans la survenue des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes ; (b) de tester le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur et/ou modĂ©rateur de ces valeurs dans les diffĂ©rences liĂ©es au sexe et Ă l'Ăąge dans ces comportements ; (c) de vĂ©rifier la normativitĂ© de ces comportements auprĂšs des conducteurs hommes (vs. femmes) et des jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) en identifiant les dimensions de la valeur sociale qui la sous-tendent ; (d) dâexplorer et de considĂ©rer la multidimensionnalitĂ© des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ainsi que l'aspect contexte-dĂ©pendant ou non de certaines des relations prĂ©cĂ©dentes (en considĂ©rant la saillance du groupe de sexe par exemple). Au total 6 Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les principaux rĂ©sultats indiquent que (a) l'adhĂ©sion Ă des valeurs centrĂ©es sur la recherche dâun haut statut social est particuliĂšrement associĂ©e aux comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (b) ces valeurs mĂ©diatiseraient en partie les diffĂ©rences de sexe et dâĂąge observĂ©es sur les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (c) les comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes relatifs Ă la vitesse font l'objet d'une plus grande valorisation sociale chez les hommes (vs. les femmes) et chez les jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) ; (d) chez les hommes (vs. les femmes), ce dernier constat serait notamment sous-tendu par lâattribution dâune faible dĂ©sirabilitĂ© sociale aux comportements de respect des rĂšgles et de prudence tandis quâil serait sous-tendu chez les jeunes conducteurs (vs. conducteurs plus ĂągĂ©s) par lâattribution dâun plus haut statut social aux comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes ; (e) plusieurs outils â comme ceux utilisĂ©s pour mesurer lâindividualisme-collectivisme â prĂ©sentent des propriĂ©tĂ©s psychomĂ©triques ainsi que des relations avec dâautres construits invitant Ă questionner la validitĂ© des modĂšles thĂ©oriques qui les sous-tendent. Les implications thĂ©oriques de ses rĂ©sultats sont notamment discutĂ©es sur le plan (a) des relations empiriques entre les diffĂ©rents modĂšles et construits mobilisĂ©s ; (b) de leur intĂ©rĂȘt dans la comprĂ©hension des comportements Ă risques et infractionnistes plus largement. Les perspectives pour lâapplication dans le champ de la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre sont Ă©galement discutĂ©es sous l'angle du changement de comportements
Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: two vignette studies
« Passe ton permis dâabord ! » Pistes explicatives psychosociales aux diffĂ©rences de sexe dans la rĂ©ussite au permis de conduire en France
International audienceWhy do women perform less well than men in the driving license practical test allowing driving a car? This seems especially complex to explain since, at the same time, the passing rate of individuals of both sexes in general driving license theoretical test and in the driving license practical tests concerning powered twoâwheelers or trucks are very close. The objective of this article is to provide an international literature review to propose explanation tracks to this paradox. After a first part on gender differences in road mobility and drivingâlicense access, which tend to reduce, the second part of the article presents data from the international literature on male and female passing rate in theoretical and practical test for drivingâlicense B. The final section provides explanatory tracks from the literature regarding the evaluation test, the assessed driving skills and the driving learning. Informed by research data concerning effects of stereotypes and gender roles on the individual and social relationships with riskâtaking and driving, this paper allows moving from observed sex differences to investigating the role of compliance with sex stereotypes on drivingâlicense access.Pourquoi les femmes rĂ©ussissent moins bien que les hommes Ă lâĂ©preuve pratique du permis B permettant de conduire une voiture ? Ce constat semble dâautant plus complexe Ă expliquer que, dans le mĂȘme temps, les taux de rĂ©ussite des individus des deux sexes Ă lâĂ©preuve thĂ©orique gĂ©nĂ©rale du permis de conduire et aux Ă©preuves pratiques des permis concernant les deuxâroues motorisĂ©s ou les poidsâlourds sont trĂšs proches. Lâobjectif de cet article est de fournir une revue de la littĂ©rature internationale visant Ă proposer des pistes dâexplications Ă ce paradoxe. AprĂšs une premiĂšre partie concernant les diffĂ©rences de sexe, tendant Ă se rĂ©duire, dans la mobilitĂ© routiĂšre et lâaccĂšs au permis, la deuxiĂšme partie de lâarticle propose des donnĂ©es issues de la littĂ©rature internationale concernant les taux de rĂ©ussite des hommes et des femmes aux Ă©preuves thĂ©oriques et pratiques du permis B. La derniĂšre partie propose, Ă partir de la littĂ©rature, des pistes explicatives concernant la situation dâĂ©valuation, les compĂ©tences Ă©valuĂ©es et lâapprentissage de la conduite. Pointant les donnĂ©es de la recherche concernant les effets des stĂ©rĂ©otypes et des rĂŽles de sexe sur le rapport des hommes et des femmes au risque et Ă la conduite, cet article permet de passer dâun constat des diffĂ©rences de sexe Ă une interrogation du rĂŽle de la conformitĂ© aux stĂ©rĂ©otypes de sexe sur lâaccĂšs au permis de conduire
The Normative Features of Resistance to Persuasion
ICPS 2019, International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, FRANCE, 07-/03/2019 - 09/03/2019Resistance to Persuasion (RP) is an important construct allowing to understand attitude change (or its absence) after persuasive attempts. Theorized as an individual attribute, no research has yet investigated the potential presence of prescriptive norms of judgment surrounding the display of RP by individuals. In line with the prevalence of individualistic values within occidental societies - where individuals are expected to be self-determined, autonomous, self-reliant, confident and skillful - the present contribution therefore investigated whether displaying RP was subjected to social valorization. A first study, using a self-presentation paradigm (within subjects, N = 106), showed that displaying RP conveyed a negative image of oneself. A second study, using a social judgment task (between subjects, N = 189), showed that targets displaying high RP were seen as less warm but more competent than targets displaying low RP. This effect was conceptually replicated in a third study using a different social judgment task (between subjects, N = 219). These results are interpreted in terms of social power and resistance to social influence. Practical implications are then discussed from two important perspectives: (a) the potential usefulness of power priming as a way to increase RP; (b) social norms surrounding RP as crucial moderators of intervention outcomes (e.g., focusing on critical thinking promotion). The existence of social valorization of not being resistant could be leveraged and could be crucial for applied psychologists, especially to optimize interventions aiming to fight against the spread of conspiracy theories and fake news among the public.La RĂ©sistance Ă la Persuasion (RP) est un construit important, permettant de comprendre la survenue ou non d'un changement d'attitude aprĂšs exposition Ă une tentative de persuasion. Bien que thĂ©orisĂ©e comme un attribut individuel, aucune recherche n'a encore investi la prĂ©sence possible de normes de prescriptives de jugement rĂ©gulant l'expression d'une RP par les individus. En lien avec la prĂ©valence de valeurs individualistes dans les sociĂ©tĂ©s occidentales - oĂč il est attendu que les individus soient autodĂ©terminĂ©s, indĂ©pendants, confiants, compĂ©tents - la prĂ©sente contribution propose de vĂ©rifier si l'expression d'une RP pourrait ĂȘtre sujette Ă une valorisation sociale. Une premiĂšre Ă©tude, mobilisant un paradigme d'auto-prĂ©sentation (design intra-sujet, N = 106), montre que l'expression d'une haute RP renvoie une image nĂ©gative de soi-mĂȘme. Une seconde Ă©tude, mobilisant un paradigme des juges (design inter-sujets, N = 189), montre qu'une cible exprimant une haute RP est perçue comme moins chaleureuse mais plus compĂ©tente qu'une cible exprimant une faible RP. Cet effet fait l'objet d'une rĂ©plication conceptuelle dans une troisiĂšme Ă©tude mobilisant une tĂąche de jugement social diffĂ©rentes (design inter-sujets N = 219). Ces rĂ©sultats sont interprĂ©tĂ©s en termes de pouvoir social et de rĂ©sistance Ă l'influence sociale. Les implications pratiques sont discutĂ©es Ă partir de deux perspectives importantes : (a) l'intĂ©rĂȘt potentiel d'amorcer le pouvoir comme moyen d'augmenter la RP ; (b) les normes sociales concernant la RP comme des modĂ©rateurs cruciaux de l'efficacitĂ© des interventions de terrain (e.g., visant Ă promouvoir la pensĂ©e critique). L'existence d'une valorisation sociale d'un faible niveau de RP pourrait ĂȘtre exploitĂ©e et reprĂ©senter un intĂ©rĂȘt non nĂ©gligeable pour les psychologues intervenants, particuliĂšrement dans le but d'optimiser les interventions visant Ă combattre la propagation des thĂ©ories conspirationnistes et des fake news parmi le grand public
The Role of Individualism, Gender and Situational Factors on Probabilities of Committing Offences in a French Drivers Sample
Driving offences can be a cause of road crashes and their psychosocial determinants have been studied using different approaches. Recent studies have found that cultural values, transposed at individual level through the vertical-horizontal individualism-collectivism model, may be relevant for understanding offending behaviours in drivers and pedestrians. Within this framework, we propose to test these relationships in a sample of French drivers (N = 666). In addition, we aim to explore the role of situational factors and gender differences, as potential moderators for the effects of individualist and collectivist values on offending behaviours. In an online survey experiment, drivers had to evaluate their probabilities of committing several driving offences in three driving situations, manipulating traffic density level and the probability of being caught by the authorities. Statistical analyses showed that, compared to a control situation, probabilities of offending were lower in the heavy traffic condition and even lower in the high probability of being caught condition. Probabilities of offending were also higher for men than women and were positively predicted by vertical individualism. However, the main effects suggested that horizontal collectivism and vertical individualism predicted posit offences for men only, depending on situation for vertical individualism. These results were qualified by significant interactions between driving situation, gender and vertical individualism and between gender and horizontal collectivism. These findings are discussed in relation to gender differences in value expression. Perspectives to improve the relevance of the value framework mobilized, the importance to consider situational context to understand driving offending behaviours and safety implications are also discussed
Social value, normative features and gender differences associated with speeding and compliance with speed limits.
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