10 research outputs found
El consumo de masas desde una dinámica cooperativa: “Mejor compartir que consumir”
El presente Trabajo de Fin de
Grado
parte del
estudio
de los diferentes
períodos
de prácticas del Grado en Educación
Primaria. A lo largo de este análisis
queda plasmadami evolución.
Esta se ve reflejada en la propuesta de mejora, elaborada de manera fundamentada y razonada.
Una vez analizado
mi
proceso de aprendizaje se procederá a
describir
el
Proyecto de
Intervención
Autóno
ma realizado en el Prácticum III.1. Dicho proyecto
consistió
en una propuesta global en
la que participaron los alumnos/as
, las familias y la
ONG Samaritan’s Purse. Gracias
al esfuerzo de todos e
llos
se consiguió enviar una
donación para niños y niñas
de
Transilvania,
región histórica de
Rumanía.
Uno de los
objetivos
del Proyecto
d
e Intervención Autónoma era conseguir que
los alumnos y los de
stinatarios de la donación
se pusiesen en contacto
entre ellos
. Sin
embargo,
al no materializarse
dicha
conexión
,
s
e
sugiere que
la propuesta de mejora
planteada en el Proyecto de Intervención Educativa
se realice
de man
e
ra directa y sin
utilizar la ONG como intermediario.
En
la propuesta
se aborda el tema de las
desigualdades del mundo
a través de la reflexión sobre
el
hábito
consumista
de las
sociedades occidentales
. Asimismo, se analiza
la influencia de la cultura visual de los
alumnos en este fenómeno. Un aprendizaje cooperativo y en comunidad marcarán el desarrollo del proyecto
,
ya que se
realizará
de manera
simu
ltánea
en el CEIP Jacaranda,
situado en la
provincia
de
Málaga, España
,
y en la Escuela Nº6 Juana Manso,
ubicado en
Lezama,
provincia de
Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las posibilidades de comparar los distintos contextos y de
realizar intercambios de experienci
as conseguirán que los alumnos analicen de manera
crítica
los
hábito
s
de consumo actual
Newly Arrived African Migrants to Spain: Epidemiology and Burden of Disease.
The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and microbiological findings in African immigrants newly arrived to Spain attended at a specialized reference unit from October 2004 to February 2017. A common protocol for the screening of imported and cosmopolitan diseases was designed to evaluate patients with ≤ 12 months of stay in Spain. A total of 523 patients were included in the study, 488 (93.3%) of sub-Saharan origin. A high number of helminthic infections were diagnosed in sub-Saharan patients, including geohelminthiasis (hookworms 14.3%; Trichuris trichiura 4.1%; Ascaris lumbricoides 3.1%), schistosomiasis (12.3%), strongyloidiasis (17.2%), and filariasis (8.4%). Thirty-five patients (7.2%) had malaria, most by Plasmodium falciparum. Among communicable diseases, 33.6% of sub-Saharans presented HBsAg positivity compared with 5.7% of North African patients (P = 0.001). Thirteen patients were diagnosed with active tuberculosis. Seventy percent of the sub-Saharans and 40% of the North Africans who were tested had a latent tuberculosis infection (LTI). Treatment of LTI was administered in selected cases (14%), achieving end of treatment in 80% of them. In light of these results, effective screening strategies, particularly within the sub-Saharan immigrant population, including potentially communicable diseases and certain potentially serious parasitic diseases (Strongyloides, Schistosoma), should be implemented. It is necessary to facilitate fully and free of charge access to the public health system to newly arrived immigrants, as well as to implement programs and actions aimed at favoring care and follow-up, especially for communicable diseases. Empirical treatment of some parasitic diseases could be a cost-effective action
Accuracy of Three Serological Techniques for the Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis in Real Clinical Practice: Not All in the Same Boat
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease despite of being a major public health problem affecting nearly 240 million people in the world. Due to the migratory flow from endemic countries to Western countries, an increasing number of cases is being diagnosed in non-endemic areas, generally in migrants or people visiting these areas. Serology is the recommended method for screening and diagnosis of schistosomiasis in migrants from endemic regions. However, serological techniques have a highly variable sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the sensitivity of three different serological tests used in real clinical practice for the screening and diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan migrant patients, using the detection of schistosome eggs in urine, faeces or tissues as the gold standard. We evaluated three different serological techniques in 405 sub-Saharan patients with confirmed schistosomiasis treated between 2004 and 2022: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) and an immunochromatographic test (ICT). The overall sensitivity values obtained with the different techniques were: 44.4% for IHA, 71.2% for ELISA and 94.7% for ICT, respectively. According to species, ICT showed the highest sensitivity (S. haematobium: 94%, S. mansoni: 93.3%; and S. intercalatum/guineensis: 100%). In conclusion, our study shows that Schistosoma ICT has the best performance in real clinical practice, when compared to ELISA and IHA, in both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections
Chronic hepatitis B genotype E in African migrants: response to nucleos(t)ide treatment in real clinical practice
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E is a poorly studied genotype that almost exclusively occurs in African people. It seems to harbour intrinsic potential oncogenic activity and virological characteristics of immune scape but a paucity of information is available on clinical and virological characteristic of HBV genotype E-infected patients as well as on the efficacy of anti-HBV drugs for such patients. The increasing flow of migrants from high endemic HBV sub-Saharan Africa, where genotype E is the predominant one, to Western countries makes improving such knowledge critical in order to deliver proper medical care. Methods Prospective observational study of naïve patients of sub-Saharan origin treated for chronic HBV genotype E infection at a Tropical Medicine clinic sited in Spain from February 2004 to January 2018. The aim of the study was to describe the response of chronic HBV genotype E infection to nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA), entecavir or tenofovir, in real clinical practice. Results During the study period, 2209 sub-Saharan patients were assisted at our Tropical Medicine Unit and 609 (27.6%) had chronic HBV (CHB) infection. Genotype information was available for 55 naïve patients initiating treatment with NA (entecavir or tenofovir), 43 (84.3%) of them being genotype E, although 15 were excluded because they did not meet study inclusion criteria. Thus, a total of 28 CHB genotype E patients were included and followed for 24 months at least. Twenty-one patients were in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis phase and 7 patients in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis phase. After one year of treatment, among those with good adherence, 89.4% (17/19) of the HBeAg-negative patients and 80% of the HBeAg-positive ones had undetectable viral loads. Response rates reached 100% in both groups after 15–18 months of follow-up. Out of the 7 HBeAg-positive patients, 6 (85.7%) presented HBeAg loss in a median time of 31.8 months. Neither serious adverse effects nor hepatocarcinoma cases happened during the study period. Conclusions HBV genotype may influence disease progression and antiviral response. Our study provides precious information on the efficacy and safety of NA treatment for CHB genotype E infection, a fairly unknown genotype with and increasing epidemiological impact
Migration-associated malaria from Africa in southern Spain.
The western area of the province of Almeria, sited in southern Spain, has one of the highest immigrant population rates in Spain, mainly dedicated to agricultural work. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of imported malaria associated with migrants from countries belonging to sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and analytical characteristics of malaria patients treated in a specialized tropical unit, paying special attention to the differences between VFR and non-VFR migrants and also to the peculiarities of microscopic malaria cases compared to submicroscopic ones. Retrospective observational study of migrants over 14 years of age with imported malaria treated from October 2004 to May 2019. Characteristics of VFR and non-VFR migrants were compared. Malaria cases were divided into microscopic malaria (MM) and submicroscopic malaria (SMM). SMM was defined as the presence of a positive malaria PCR test together with a negative direct microscopic examination and a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Microscopic malaria was defined as the presence of a positive RDT and/or a positive smear examination. Three hundred thirty-six cases of malaria were diagnosed, 329 in sub-Saharan immigrants. Of these, 78.1% were VFR migrants, in whom MM predominated (85.2% of cases). In non-VFR migrants, SMM represented 72.2% of the cases. Overall, 239 (72.6%) patients presented MM and 90 (27.4%) SMM. Fever was the most frequent clinical manifestation (64.4%), mainly in the MM group (MM: 81.1% vs SMM: 20.0%; p Imported malaria in our area is closely related to sub-Saharan migration. VFR migrants are the main risk group, highlighting the need for actions aimed at improving disease prevention measures. On the other hand, almost a third of the cases are due to SMM. This fact could justify its systematic screening, at least for those travelers at greater risk
MicroMundo: Citizen Science for the discovery antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance awareness by Service-Learning
MicroMundo es un proyecto de Ciencia Ciudadana basado en aprendizaje activo, en el que estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato, objeto del servicio, coordinados por equipos de estudiantes universitarios, objeto del aprendizaje, desarrollan un proyecto de investigación real. El objetivo de la investigación es el aislamiento, a partir de microorganismos de muestras de suelo, de nuevas actividades antibióticas. Los objetivos de servicio son acercar cultura científica a la sociedad en Salud Global, con foco en el problema de la resistencia a antibióticos, actuando sobre la población más joven,al tiempo que se crean en ellos vocaciones STEM y curiosidad por la I+D en Biomedicina. Durante el curso 2019-20, 150 nuevos alumnos se han incorporado al proyecto interfacultativo en la UCM, trabajando en 26 centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. El confinamiento por la situación pandémica ha reforzado el interés del proyecto, pero ha obligado a pasar el entorno on-line algunas de las actuaciones previstas. No obstante, los objetivos del proyecto se han alcanzado.MicroMundo is a Citizen Science project based on active learning. Secondary and High School students, as the objects of service in a service-learning strategy, develop a real research project, coordinated by University students, the objects of learning. The goal of their research is the isolation of microorganisms from soil samples showing new antibiotic activities. The objectives of service are to bring scientific culture on Global Health, focused on antibiotic resistance awareness, to Society by acting on its youngest members. At the same time we create vocations on STEM and I+D in Biomedicine. During the 2019-20 course, 150 new students joined this interfacultative project, working in 26 Schools in Madrid. The pandemic situation forced to move some of the planned activities to the virtual environment. However, the objectives were largely accomplished.Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaDepto. de Microbiología y ParasitologíaDepto. de MedicinaDepto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFac. de FarmaciaFac. de MedicinaFac. de VeterinariaUniversidad Complutense de Madrid. Proyectos ApSunpu