A conceptual model of the influence of résumé components on personnel decisions: a policy-capturing study on résumé screening

Based on a literature review of not only industrial and organizational psychology but also decision theory, we have developed a conceptual model of résumé screening. It postulates that personnel decisions concerning assignment to particular categories result from a gradual process with an underlying initial assumption, and the decision-making process varies depending on specific conditions. Under different conditions, decision makers utilize different résumé components (relevant, irrelevant and formal), whose impacts might interact with each other. We designed and conducted two policy-capturing experimental studies and employed a machine learning approach and a decision tree classification method to verify our conceptual model. The results indicate that it might be considered valid and might explain actual decisions regarding résumés. The data we have collected suggests that in a situation of certainty recruitment specialists make their decisions solely on the basis of information obtained from relevant résumé components and apply straightforward, i.e., non-compensatory, rules. However, when making decisions in a situation of uncertainty, recruitment specialists make an attribution and are influenced by the combined interactive effect of relevant, non-relevant and formal components of résumés. These decisions, in turn, are compensatory in nature. For example, positive personnel decisions regarding the appraisal of a résumé may be made if deficiencies in a relevant area are compensated for by an exceptional level of non-relevant or formal components

An Empirical Study of Affective and Cognitive Functions in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the inclusion of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the International Classification of Diseases, very little is known about the underlying affective and cognitive processes. To fill this gap, we compared CSBD subjects and Healthy-Controls (HC) across negative/positive valence, cognitive and sensorimotor systems, as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria framework. METHODS: 74 heterosexual CSBD and 66 matched HC males were studied with 10 questionnaires and 8 behavioral tasks. Analyses were conducted with frequent and Bayesian statistics. RESULTS: CSBD individuals showed significantly higher (than HC) punishment sensitivity, anxiety, depression, compulsivity, and impulsivity symptoms. Frequentist statistical analysis revealed significant interaction between subject group and condition in Incentive Delay Task, concerning the strength of motivation and hedonic value of erotic rewards. Bayesian analysis produced evidence for the absence of group differences in Facial Discrimination Task, Risk-Ambiguity Task, and Learning Task. Also, Bayesian methods provided evidence for group differences in the Emotional Stroop Task and the Incentive Delay Task. Sexual Discounting Task, Attentional Network Task, and Stop Signal Task produced mixed results. CONCLUSIONS: Higher punishment sensitivity and impulsivity among CSBD subjects, along with significant interaction between these groups and erotic vs. non-erotic reward processing is in line with previous findings on negative/positive valence alterations in CSBD patients. This result shows that there are similarities to substance and behavioral addictions. The absence of group differences and mixed results related to cognitive and sensorimotor systems raise concerns to what extent CSBD resembles a wide spectrum of impairments observed in disorders, and demand further research

Antioxidant and Potentially Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin Fractions from Pomace Obtained from Enzymatically Treated Raspberries

Raspberry pomace was obtained from raspberries subjected to enzymatic maceration using three commercial pectinolytic preparations (Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Pectinex Yield Mash, and Ultrazym AFP-L). Phenolic compounds were extracted and anthocyanin fractions were isolated using the SPE solid phase extraction technique. In the separated anthocyanin fractions, the content of individual compounds was determined by the HPLC technique and the antioxidant activity was assessed with four complementary methods (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, chelating Fe(II) power, and ferric reducing power). Potential anti-inflammatory properties were also identified as the ability to inhibit the activity of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. For these enzymes, the type of inhibition was determined based on the Lineweaver–Burke plot

Antioxidative and Potentially Anti-inflammatory Activity of Phenolics from Lovage Leaves <em>Levisticum officinale</em> Koch Elicited with Jasmonic Acid and Yeast Extract

The effect of elicitation with jasmonic acids (JA) and yeast extract (YE) on the production of phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic extracts of lovage was evaluated. The analysis of phenolic compounds carried out with the UPLC-MS technique indicated that rutin was the dominant flavonoid, while 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the main component in the phenolic acid fraction in the lovage leaves. The application of 10 µM JA increased the content of most of the identified phenolic compounds. The highest antioxidant activities estimated as free radical scavenging activity against ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and reducing power were determined for the sample elicited with 10 µM JA, while this value determined as iron chelating ability was the highest for the 0.1% YE-elicited lovage. The 0.1% and 1% YE elicitation also caused significant elevation of the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition ability, while all the concentrations of the tested elicitors significantly improved the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (best results were detected for the 10 µM JA and 0.1% YE2 sample). Thus, 0.1% yeast extract and 10 µM jasmonic acid proved to be most effective in elevation of the biological activity of lovage

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Postulated Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic and Anthocyanin-Rich Fractions from Polana Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Fruit and Juice—In Vitro Study

In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of crude extracts (CE), anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARF), and phenolic fractions (PF) from raspberry (R) and raspberry juice (J) were evaluated. The antioxidant properties were evaluated with three complementary assays: DPPH radical scavenging activity, chelating Fe(II) power, and ferric reducing power. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for the crude extract from raspberry pulp (RCE) in the case of all methods used. The anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated by inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in vitro. The highest efficiency in inhibiting the activity of both enzymes was exhibited by RCE, 0.79 and 0.59 mg FW/mL, respectively. In turn, JARF had the lowest ability to inhibit LOX (EC50 = 4.5 mg FW/mL) and JPF caused the lowest COX-2 inhibition (1.75 mg FW/mL). Additionally, we have performed a pilot study of in vitro cytotoxic activity using two human leukemia cell lines: J45 and HL60. All examined extracts inhibited the viability of J45 cells more effectively than HL60. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the J45.01 cell line after exposure to RCE (EC50 = 0.0375 mg FW/mL)

Different Temperature Treatments of Millet Grains Affect the Biological Activity of Protein Hydrolyzates and Peptide Fractions

The objective of this study was to analyze millet protein hydrolyzates and peptide fractions with molecular mass under 3.0 kDa obtained from grains treated with different temperature values as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), &alpha;-amylase, and &alpha;-glucosidase activity. The protein fractions were hydrolyzed in vitro in gastrointestinal conditions and the highest degree of hydrolysis was noted for globulin 7S obtained from control grains (98.33%). All samples were characterized by a high peptide bioaccessibility index, which was 23.89 for peptides obtained from globulin 11S after treatment with 100 &deg;C. The highest peptide bioavailability index was noted for peptides obtained from globulin 11S after the treatment with 65 &deg;C (2.12). The highest potential metabolic syndrome inhibitory effect was determined for peptide fractions obtained from the prolamin control (IC50 for ACE and &alpha;-amylase was 0.42 and 0.11 mg/mL, respectively) and after the 100 &deg;C treatment (IC50 for ACE and &alpha;-glucosidase was 0.33 and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively) and from globulin 11S after the 65 &deg;C treatment (IC50 0.38 and 0.05 for ACE and &alpha;-glucosidase, respectively). The effect of these samples on endothelial cell HECa10 was determined. The sequences of potential inhibitory peptides were identified as GEHGGAGMGGGQFQPV, EQGFLPGPEESGR, RLARAGLAQ, YGNPVGGVGH, and GNPVGGVGHGTTGT

In vitro Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-metabolic Syndrome, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Effect of Phenolic Acids Isolated from Fresh Lovage Leaves [Levisticum officinale Koch] Elicited with Jasmonic Acid and Yeast Extract

Lovage seedlings were elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract (YE) to induce the synthesis of biologically active compounds. A simulated digestion process was carried out to determine the potential bioavailability of phenolic acids. Buffer extracts were prepared for comparison. The ability to neutralize ABTS radicals was higher in all samples after the in vitro digestion, compared to that in the buffer extracts. However, the elicitation resulted in a significant increase only in the value of the reduction power of the potentially bioavailable fraction of phenolic acids. The effect of the elicitation on the activity of the potentially bioavailable fraction of phenolic acids towards the enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., ACE, lipase, amylase, and glucosidase, was analyzed as well. The in vitro digestion caused a significant increase in the ability to inhibit the activity of these enzymes; moreover, the inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase was revealed only after the digestion process. The potential anti-inflammatory effect of the analyzed extracts was defined as the ability to inhibit key pro-inflammatory enzymes, i.e., lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. The buffer extracts from the YE-elicited lovage inhibited the LOX and COX-2 activity more effectively than the extracts from the control plants. A significant increase in the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties was noted after the simulated digestion

A conceptual model of the influence of résumé components on personnel decisions: a policy-capturing study on résumé screening

Based on a literature review of not only industrial and organizational psychology but also decision theory, we have developed a conceptual model of résumé screening. It postulates that personnel decisions concerning assignment to particular categories result from a gradual process with an underlying initial assumption, and the decision-making process varies depending on specific conditions. Under different conditions, decision makers utilize different résumé components (relevant, irrelevant and formal), whose impacts might interact with each other. We designed and conducted two policy-capturing experimental studies and employed a machine learning approach and a decision tree classification method to verify our conceptual model. The results indicate that it might be considered valid and might explain actual decisions regarding résumés. The data we have collected suggests that in a situation of certainty recruitment specialists make their decisions solely on the basis of information obtained from relevant résumé components and apply straightforward, i.e., non-compensatory, rules. However, when making decisions in a situation of uncertainty, recruitment specialists make an attribution and are influenced by the combined interactive effect of relevant, non-relevant and formal components of résumés. These decisions, in turn, are compensatory in nature. For example, positive personnel decisions regarding the appraisal of a résumé may be made if deficiencies in a relevant area are compensated for by an exceptional level of non-relevant or formal components