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Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel

Background: There is no information on the effects of the breed, gender and age on the cellular content and growth factor (GF) release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) and pure-platelet rich gel (P-PRG). The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the cellular composition of P-PRP with whole blood and platelet poor plasma (PPP); 2) to compare the concentration of transforming GF beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet derived GF isoform BB (PDGF-BB) between P-PRP treated with non-ionic detergent (P-PRP+NID), P-PRG (activated with calcium gluconate -CG-), PPP+NID, PPP gel (PPG), and plasma and; 3) to evaluate and to correlate the effect of the breed, gender and age on the cellular and GF concentration for each blood component. Forty adult horses, 20 Argentinean Creole Horses (ACH) and, 20 Colombian Creole Horses (CCH) were included. Data were analyzed by parametric (i.e.: t-test, one way ANOVA) and non parametric (Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test) tests. Correlation analysis was also performed by using the Spearman and Pearson tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was set as significant for all tests. All the blood components were compared for platelet (PLT), leukocyte (WBC), TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations. The effect of the breed, gender and age on these variables was analyzed. A P ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant for all the tests. Results: PLT counts were 1.8 and 0.6 times higher in P-PRP than in whole blood and PPP, respectively; WBC counts were 0.5 and 0.1 times lower in P-PRP, in comparison with whole blood and PPP, respectively. TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations were 2.3 and 262 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in plasma, and 0.59 and 0.48 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in PPG. P-PRG derived from CCH females or young horses presented significantly (P < 0.001) higher PDGF-BB concentrations than P-PRG derived from ACH males or older horses. Conclusions: Our results indicated that P-PRP obtained by a manual method was affected by intrinsic factors such as the breed, gender and age. Equine practitioners should be aware that cellular and GF release from P-PRP/P-PRG could change according with the intrinsic variables associated with a patient in particular

Tuning the Photonic Behavior of Symmetrical bis-BODIPY Architectures: The Key Role of the Spacer Moiety

Herein we describe the synthesis, computationally assisted spectroscopy, and lasing properties of a new library of symmetric bridged bis-BODIPYs that differ in the nature of the spacer. Access to a series of BODIPY dimers is straightforward through synthetic modifications of the pending ortho-hydroxymethyl group of readily available C-8 (meso) ortho-hydroxymethyl phenyl BODIPYs. In this way, we have carried out the first systematic study of the photonic behavior of symmetric bridged bis-BODIPYs, which is effectively modulated by the length and/or stereoelectronic properties of the spacer unit. The designed bis-BODIPYs display bright fluorescence and laser emission in non-polar media. The fluorescence response is governed by the induction of a non-emissive intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, which is significantly enhanced in polar media. The effectiveness of the fluorescence quenching and also the prevailing charge transfer mechanism (from the spacer itself or between the BODIPY units) rely directly on the electron-releasing ability of the spacer. Moreover, the linker moiety can also promote intramolecular excitonic interactions, leading to excimer-like emission characterized by new spectral bands and the lengthening of lifetimes. The substantial influence of the bridging moiety on the emission behavior of these BODIPY dyads and their solvent-sensitivity highlight the intricate molecular dynamics upon excitation in multichromophoric systems. In this regard, the present work represents a breakthrough in the complex relationship between the molecular structure of the chromophores and their photophysical signatures, thus providing key guidelines for rationalizing the design of tailored bis-BODIPYs with potential advanced applications.We gratefully acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (MAT2017-83856-C3-1-P and 3-P; CTQ2015-66702-R), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (CTQ2015-66702-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (RTI2018-094862-B-I00, MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), and Gobierno Vasco (project IT91216) for financial support. AO-S and RS-L thank UPV/EHU and Gobierno Vasco for a predoctoral fellowship and a postdoctoral contract, respectively

4,4′-Dicyano- versus 4,4′-Difluoro-BODIPYs in Chemoselective Postfunctionalization Reactions: Synthetic Advantages and Applications

The presence of F or CN substituents at boron in BODIPYs causes a dramatic effect on their reactivity, which allows their chemoselective postfunctionalization. Thus, whereas 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl B(CN)2-BODIPYs displayed enhanced reactivity in Knoevenagel condensations with aldehydes, the corresponding BF2-BODIPYs can experience selective aromatic electrophilic substitution (SEAr) reactions in the presence of the former. These (selective) reactions have been employed in the preparation of BODIPY dimers and tetramers, with balanced fluorescence and singlet oxygen formation, and all-BODIPY trimers and heptamers, with potential application as light-harvesting systems.The authors gratefully acknowledge Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) Grant PID2021-122504NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe and Grants PID2020-114755GB-C31 and -C33 funded by MCIN/AEI. The authors thank the Gobierno Vasco (Project IT1639-22) for financial support. The authors are indebted to Ms. Marina Rodríguez (IQOG-CSIC) for skillful technical support

Variación temporal del ictioplancton colectado con trampas de luz en los puertos de Chuburná y Yucalpetén, Yucatán, México

Fish larvae associated to the inlet of Yucatan, México ports of Chuburná and Yucalpeten were analyzed with light traps along an annual cycle (2009). A total of 193 fish larvae with average size of 1.5 ± 0.2 cm was captured; they represented 13 species distributed in six fish families. Eucinostomus argenteus (45.1%), Sardinella aurita (30.1%) and Harengula jaguana (7.3%) were most abundant species, together they constituted 82.5% of the captured larvae. The family Gerreidae was the most diverse, with three species. Eucinostomus argenteus was dominant in Chuburná whereas Sardinella aurita and Hrengula jaguana were so in Yucalpeten. The greatest larval abundance and diversity were recorded in Chuburna, but the greatest size average was recorded in Yucalpeten. The temporal variation of the structural components was related to the hydrologic regimen of each locality, also, fish larvae abundance was lower but similar to the reported of another coastal systems of the Yucatan Peninsula. Finally, the utilization of light traps is a complement to plankton net surveys and helps to understand the communities of coastal fish larvae.Se comparan la abundancia de larvas de peces, colectadas con trampas de luz, colocadas en las bocas de los puertos de Chuburná y Yucalpetén, Yucatán durante un ciclo anual (2009). Se capturó un total de 193 organismos con una talla promedio de 1.5 ± 0.2 cm, correspondientes a 13 especies distribuidas en seis familias de peces. Eucinostomus argenteus (45.1%), Sardinella aurita (30.1%) y Harengula jaguana (7.3%), fueron las especies con mayor abundancia al constituir el 82.5% de la fauna capturadas, mientras que la familia Gerreidae fue la más diversa, al estar presente con tres especies. Eucinostomus argenteus fue la especie dominante en Chuburná, en tanto que Sardinella aurita y Harengula jaguana lo fueron en Yucalpetén. La mayor abundancia y diversidad larvaria fue registrada en Chuburná. Los organismos con mayor talla promedio se colectaron en Yucalpetén. La variación temporal de los componentes estructurales estuvo relacionada con el régimen hidrológico de cada localidad, asimismo, la abundancia del ictioplancton fue menor, pero semejante en composición, a la reportado para otros sistemas costeros de la península de Yucatán. Se concluye que, la utilización de trampas de luz, es un complemento a la red de plancton estándar y ayudaría a conocer mejor la comunidad de larvas de peces costeros

Medición de la adherencia al lavado de manos, según los cinco momentos de la OMS

Contact with objects and people in the hospital environment, promotes the spread of germs that threaten patients, so hand washing prevents infection. Adherence to hand washing in health care officials was measured according to the five moments of hand hygiene WHO. Transversal and quantitative study, which evaluated the adherence to hand washing outpatient and emergency personnel of Assbasalud ESE and impact after training. It was conducted in three phases: pre-training, training and post-training. The final sample was 128 employees in nine Bank suite´s (30%). The adhesion measurement was approved by the Executive Quality Committee Assbasalud ESE. Were taken into account hand hygiene, use of enamels, jewels were evaluated; and relevance of the substances used for aseptic. The overall adherence of handwashing in Phase 1 and 61,8% for the 2nd phase of 78,3% was obtained, with positive results in relation to national and international studies. It is concluded that hand washing, valued at 67,1 % during the thirdth quarter of 2013, is an excellent strategy to strengthen patient safety and prevent hospital infections.El contacto con objetos y personas en el entorno hospitalario, favorece la propagación de gérmenes que amenazan a los pacientes, así que lavarse las manos previene infecciones. Se midió la adherencia al lavado de manos en funcionarios asistenciales según los cinco momentos de la higiene de las manos de la OMS. Estudio transversal y cuantitativo, que evaluó la adherencia al lavado de las manos en personal ambulatorio y de urgencias de Assbasalud ESE y el impacto después de recibir capacitación. Se realizó en tres fases: Precapacitación, capacitación y poscapacitación. Fueron 128 colaboradores en 9 sedes. El Comité de Calidad de la IPS dió el aval. Se tuvieron en cuenta las etapas de la higiene de manos, el uso de esmaltes, joyas y la pertinencia de las sustancias empleadas para la asepsia. La adherencia obtenida al lavado de manos en la 1ª fase fue 61,8% y para la 2ª del 78,3%; resultados positivos con relación a estudios internacionales. Se concluye que el lavado de las manos, valorada en 78,3% durante el cuarto trimestre de 2013, es una excelente estrategia para prevenir infecciones hospitalarias

Medición de la adherencia al lavado de manos, según los cinco momentos de la OMS

Contact with objects and people in the hospital environment, promotes the spread of germs that threaten patients, so hand washing prevents infection. Adherence to hand washing in health care officials was measured according to the five moments of hand hygiene WHO. Transversal and quantitative study, which evaluated the adherence to hand washing outpatient and emergency personnel of Assbasalud ESE and impact after training. It was conducted in three phases: pre-training, training and post-training. The final sample was 128 employees in nine Bank suite´s (30%). The adhesion measurement was approved by the Executive Quality Committee Assbasalud ESE. Were taken into account hand hygiene, use of enamels, jewels were evaluated; and relevance of the substances used for aseptic. The overall adherence of handwashing in Phase 1 and 61,8% for the 2nd phase of 78,3% was obtained, with positive results in relation to national and international studies. It is concluded that hand washing, valued at 67,1 % during the thirdth quarter of 2013, is an excellent strategy to strengthen patient safety and prevent hospital infections.El contacto con objetos y personas en el entorno hospitalario, favorece la propagación de gérmenes que amenazan a los pacientes, así que lavarse las manos previene infecciones. Se midió la adherencia al lavado de manos en funcionarios asistenciales según los cinco momentos de la higiene de las manos de la OMS. Estudio transversal y cuantitativo, que evaluó la adherencia al lavado de las manos en personal ambulatorio y de urgencias de Assbasalud ESE y el impacto después de recibir capacitación. Se realizó en tres fases: Precapacitación, capacitación y poscapacitación. Fueron 128 colaboradores en 9 sedes. El Comité de Calidad de la IPS dió el aval. Se tuvieron en cuenta las etapas de la higiene de manos, el uso de esmaltes, joyas y la pertinencia de las sustancias empleadas para la asepsia. La adherencia obtenida al lavado de manos en la 1ª fase fue 61,8% y para la 2ª del 78,3%; resultados positivos con relación a estudios internacionales. Se concluye que el lavado de las manos, valorada en 78,3% durante el cuarto trimestre de 2013, es una excelente estrategia para prevenir infecciones hospitalarias

Determination of optimal areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass in Tabasco, Mexico

Objective: To determine optimal (suitable) areas for the establishment of fattening buffalo herds (Bubalus bubalis) and german grass (Echinochloa polystachya Kunth Hitchc) based on biophysical environmental conditions that favor the comfort state of the animal species and the better development of the plant species. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology consisted of an analysis of the bioclimatic parameters for water buffalo and agroclimatic parameters for german grass in the state from Tabasco. A comparative table of the optimal biophysical variables of the water buffalo and the german grass was elaborated with respect to the digital geographic base of soils and the climatological normals registered in the state from Tabasco. Edaphoclimatic maps were elaborated for the establishment of buffalo herds associated with german grass from a cartographic crossing. Results: Obtaining the edaphoclimatic aptitude map of both species at a scale of 1:135,000. Limitations of the study/implications: In the state of Tabasco, there is a lack of basic information on the soil and climatic conditions suitable for water buffalo, since its exploitation is recent. Findings/conclusions: The areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass were identified. 4.29% of the state of Tabasco has suitable potential, followed by 56.67% classified as moderately suitable, while 38.48% were classified as unsuitableObjective: To determine optimal (suitable) areas for the establishment of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) herds fattened with German grass (Echinochloa polystachya Kunth Hitchc), based on the biophysical environmental conditions that favor the comfort of the animal species and the best development of the plant species.Design/Methodology/Approach: An analysis of the bioclimatic parameters for water buffalo and the agroclimatic parameters for German grass was carried out in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. A comparative table of the optimal biophysical variables of water buffalo and German grass was developed from the digital soil geographic databases and the climatological normals recorded in the state of Tabasco. Edaphoclimatic maps were developed to establish buffalo herds associated with German grass, based on a cartographic cross-checking.Results: The soil-climatic aptitude map of both species was developed at a scale of 1:135,000.Study Limitations/Implications: Given its recent introduction, there is a lack of basic information on the edaphoclimatic conditions suitable for water buffalo in the state of Tabasco.Findings/Conclusions: The areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass were identified. Regarding their potentiality, 4.29% of the state of Tabasco is suitable, 56.67% was classified as moderately suitable, and 38.48% is not suitable

Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and live weight gain of llamas and alpacas determined by the comparative slaughter technique

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los requerimientos de energía metabolizable de mantenimiento (EMm) y ganancia de peso vivo (EMg) de llamas y alpacas, mediante la técnica de sacrificio comparativo, a 4200 m de altitud. Se utilizaron 20 llamas machos (106.6 ± 7.7 kg de peso vivo, PV) y 20 alpacas machos (55.7 ± 4.9 kg PV), ambos grupos de 2 años de edad, divididos en 5 grupos de 4 animales por especie. Un grupo fue sacrificado al inicio del estudio para medir la energía corporal inicial, mientras que los cuatro grupos restantes fueron alimentados durante 55 días con una mezcla de heno picado de avena y alfalfa, en cuatro niveles de oferta de dieta (94.2% materia seca, MS): mantenimiento, intermedio bajo, intermedio alto y ad libitum; correspondientes a 40, 50, 60 y 70 g MS/kg PV0.75, respectivamente. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados al final del experimento para determinar la retención de energía (RE). Otro grupo de 4 animales por especie acompañó en paralelo con experimentos de metabolismo convencional in vivo, para determinar la energía metabolizable (EM) de la dieta. Las muestras de la dieta, heces y del cuerpo animal se analizaron mediante calorimetría de bomba. El contenido de EM de la dieta fue similar entre niveles de consumo y entre especies, 2226 ± 206 y 2212 ± 165 kcal/kg MS para llamas y alpacas, respectivamente. El requerimiento de EMm, estimado como la producción de calor en retención cero de energía, fue diferente entre especies (p&lt;0.01), 86.4 y 82.6 kcal/kg PV0.75, para llamas y alpacas, respectivamente, con las correspondientes eficiencias parciales (km) de 0.77 y 0.66. El requerimiento de EMg fue 9.2 y 11.4 kcal/g de ganancia de PV, respectivamente, con sus respectivas eficiencias parciales (kg) de 0.23 y 0.34. Se concluye que los requerimientos de EMm de llamas y alpacas en gran altitud son independientes entre sí, y menores en aproximadamente 27% con relación a los reportados para rumiantes.The aim of this study was to determine the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) and growth (MEg) of llamas and alpacas, by the comparative slaughter technique, at 4200 m above sea level. Twenty male llamas (106.6 ± 7.7 kg live weight, LW) and 20 male alpacas (55.7 ± 4.9 kg LW), both of two years of age, were subdivided into 5 groups of 4 animals each, per species. One group was slaughtered at the beginning of the study to measure the initial body energy content, and the remaining four groups were fed over a period of 55 days on a mixture of chopped hay of oats and Lucerne at four levels of feed (94.2% dry matter, DM): maintenance, intermediate low, intermediate high and ad libitum; corresponding to 40, 50, 60 and 70 g DM/kg LW0.75, respectively. All animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to determine retained energy (RE). Another group of four animals per species were used in a parallel in vivo metabolism study to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) content of the diet. Samples of the diet, faeces, and the animal body, were analysed for gross energy contents. The ME content of the diet did not differ between levels if feeding or species, 2226 ± 206 and 2212 ± 165 kcal/kg DM for llamas and alpacas, respectively. The requirements of MEm estimated as heat production at zero RE differed between species (p&lt;0.01): 86.4 and 82.6 kcal/kg LW0.75 for llamas and alpacas, respectively, with corresponding partial efficiencies (km) of 0.77 and 0.66. The requirement of MEg was 9.2 and 11.4 kcal/g LW gain for llamas and alpacas, respectively, with corresponding partial efficiencies (kg) of 0.23 and 0.34. It is concluded that the MEm requirements of llamas and alpacas, at high altitude are independent from each other and about 27% lower than those reported for ruminants

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570